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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee65e18b-2cab-44ac-af35-c2cc04c3e752/Jah-People_750x300_acf_cropped.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f096c547-f035-4d11-8bb0-c1c95e16658d/005-576x452-2.jpeg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c062943e-44ef-4a7e-89d1-7c9c33be44b2/a23e182f162270b9fb7ddffa78081dee.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e610ee6e-59ba-4810-9044-efe72b13e51d/African-Choir-10.jpeg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf984430-5b80-4e44-a5e0-7af39d1bfe34/IMG_8672.JPG.webp https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/knowledge daily 0.75 2026-01-21 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-artefacts daily 0.75 2026-02-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1c25eb23-0434-415f-8a44-178a02f61297/Baule+artist+_+Heddle+pulley+with+Goli+Glin+mask+_+Baule+peoples+_+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art.jpg African Artefacts Heddle pulley with Goli Glin mask from the Baoulé people - via The MET https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99ed63dd-ec7c-46a0-a9cb-21000b73515a/Ibibio-Efik+Headdress%2C+Cross+River+Region%2C+Nigeria+_+Art+of+Africa%2C+Oceania%2C+and+the+Americas+_+2021+_+Sotheby%27s.jpg African Artefacts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e1ef3a3-090c-42de-950a-faf8d26d797a/download+%2818%29.jpg African Artefacts Image of Woman Holding an Esu Dance Vestment. Pemberton 1975 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c152fedf-6de8-4959-bc08-d1e075430889/Yombe+Phemba+figure.jpg African Artefacts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4276f3aa-1833-4bbf-8194-fc51b4403c88/Friction+oracle+_kakishi_+for+_kashekesheke_+divination+rituals.jpg African Artefacts Friction oracle "kakishi" for "kashekesheke" divination https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/159365ce-725a-4ec0-a0d0-37d15b6c333a/Kneeling+Figure+with+Snakes+inland+Niger+Delta+region+Mali+11th-14th+century+CE+Terracotta.jpeg African Artefacts Kneeling Figure with Snakes Mali, Inland Niger Delta Eleventh/fourteenth century Terracotta; 47.6 x 23.5 × 30.5 cm ( 1 8 3/4 × 9 1/4 × 12 in.) Maurice D. Galleher, Ada Turnbull Hertle, and Laura R. Magnuson funds, 1983.917 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13a1075a-64a5-4d2f-b677-66d1cbc33d70/mossi+sculpture+1+.jpeg African Artefacts z'West African biiga doll, from the Mossi people of Burkina Faso." via https://www.beprimitive.com/blog/believing-is-magic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/40e34ecb-6171-4150-b724-871e167b6b31/African+Art-Africart-Art+Africain-Arte+Africana-Mostra+_Africa+in+Forme__++Asti-Italy.jpg African Artefacts Zande ( Azande ) Figures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b3b3ec7c-e0b8-41c2-b31d-5f0f9eca50f0/ark__65665_m3498416254efa499e8cfad149df638371.jpg African Artefacts A carved wooden Mossi Doll from Burkina Faso https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c85593e4-e752-43c7-a23f-4b697b42a500/unnamed+%286%29.jpg African Artefacts Luba Sculpture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f18ce684-7f5c-43b5-bfbe-497352f01b41/unnamed+%288%29.jpg African Artefacts Luba Sculpture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fe30fac-3ba4-4300-ad58-15080ef88fd6/download+%287%29.jpg African Artefacts Bamana Head of Sceptre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/24bde4ae-3403-4543-a6fa-f413aa7c965c/mossi+sculpture+3.jpeg African Artefacts "Above: Example of a biiga doll with extended crown, with detail (2)" https://www.beprimitive.com/blog/believing-is-magic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd9962d5-c516-4122-938e-82dddebf566b/luba+3+.jpeg African Artefacts Unknown Artist. "Luba art refers to the visual and material culture of the Luba people. Most objects were created by people living along the Lualaba River and around the lakes of the Upemba Depression, or among related peoples to the east in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71686750-71b8-4ba1-b90d-f84c5ab1e750/4.png African Artefacts Edo Armlet, 18thC. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/415ef235-5f9f-43ce-a1f7-78a53f838e51/13.jpeg African Artefacts Idiophone: Bird of Prophecy (ahianmwen-oro), Nigeria, 16th–19th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3860b7e8-c42d-47db-9159-73dfde8902bd/6.png African Artefacts Amulet, Egypt. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/47da6ca4-0d6e-4909-9379-31441cf6918e/3.jpeg African Artefacts Raffia palm fiber - Double Panel, 19th–20th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0fe4f79-b9bf-4ae1-91e4-6b77aae44b95/9.png African Artefacts Kamba Stool, Kenya, 1922-3. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/44e30f89-a2bd-4625-a616-5c4c6c3e0913/8.png African Artefacts Altar-tusk, Benin, 18thC-19thC. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f7baaad6-f83c-448d-b5bd-dd43e09a0a5d/2.jpeg African Artefacts Nkisi (power figure), Kongo artist and nganga (ritual specialist), 19th–first half of 20th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d38dd2e0-4f77-40f6-839e-3b2e96b1b60c/3.png African Artefacts Amulet, Egypt. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1af9bb37-b4e0-47c2-aac0-e342be53ce4c/5.png African Artefacts Kamba Apron, Kenya, 1987. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a81caf6-f9df-43a9-99ae-a3193191c475/1.png African Artefacts Adinkra-stamp, Ghana, The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/923c436e-2c01-4274-b3d6-691e3d5c1631/7.png African Artefacts Image is part of the Putnam African art collection. Epulu, 1953. Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2cdc79e4-5592-41f8-8c82-80390ba1cf9b/4.png African Artefacts Yoruba Armlet, Nigeria, 1700-1750 (circa). The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c3eba944-ad80-494a-9cdc-f1f27dbb0767/%28%23107%29+Kuba+Cup%2C+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo.jpg African Artefacts Kuba Anthropomorphic Cup DRC. Via Christies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56edc643-ac46-4fc3-bbeb-33b731688958/download+%2816%29.jpg African Artefacts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8da59b1c-298a-436e-be32-3e9eefed9b01/mossi+sculpture+2.jpeg African Artefacts "Above: Example of a biiga doll with extended crown, with detail (1)" https://www.beprimitive.com/blog/believing-is-magic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6064f9a9-e951-45de-8c70-5e2b5ae464ad/download+%286%29.jpg African Artefacts Bambara Heddle Pulley https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd626da7-0868-4e0e-a44a-e3aa668a5247/unnamed+%284%29.jpg African Artefacts Caryatid throne stool from the school of the Buli Master, Kingdom of the Luba ( · Found on lindenmuseum.de https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/372ba377-ba95-42fd-8d7f-c8c643923d03/unnamed+%285%29.jpg African Artefacts Luba Sculpture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b48d572a-3bfb-4b0d-b4aa-29c53ed1546b/unnamed+%287%29.jpg African Artefacts Appuie-tête Luba-RDC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6c376e9a-8cfb-4795-8764-eb89354b4884/img_1256.jpg African Artefacts ''The kakishi is used in a form of Luba divination called kashekesheke. It is about six inches high, with an open body for the insertion of the fingers of client and diviner.'' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a29cc25-ee8d-4525-999c-5b72bab60d32/%28%23104%29%2BPOULIE%2BDE%2BM%C3%89TIER%2B%C3%80%2BTISSER%2C%2BGURO%2C%2BC%C3%94TE%2BD%27IVOIRE.jpg.webp African Artefacts Baule Heddle Pulley https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f91df1e1-f430-4b9e-b2fc-2812455c6d54/download%2B%284%29.jpeg.webp African Artefacts E. H. Duckworth, Moshood Olúṣọmọ Bámigbóyè Holding a Portrait Bust. Ìlọfà, Kwara State, Nigeria, ca. 1940. Danford Collection of West African Art and Artefacts, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, BIRRC-D432-1. © Research and Cultural Collections, University of Birmingham https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/592d331a-d598-48d6-bde1-508ce8dd876c/mossi+sculpture+4.jpeg African Artefacts "Examples of various biiga dolls in PRIMITIVEs collection – some are crowned, some beaded – but all are magical." via https://www.beprimitive.com/blog/believing-is-magic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a7c06014-e8e1-4b58-83d8-0dc484a75539/luba_1.jpg African Artefacts Unknown Artist. "The Luba people have many famous artistic traditions. Stools, divination bowls (called mboko), bow stands, memory boards (called lukasa), sculptures and wood carvings are all central to Luba culture. Luba sculptures are famous for their pervasive representation of women, which also signifi es the important role of women in society. Lukasa, or memory boards were important pneumonic devices that used colored beads to help remember the complex history and ritual life of the Luba people. Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d543a584-2344-4e17-8014-f24a966116c0/2.jpeg African Artefacts Prestige headdress, Central Africa, ca. 1850–1920. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/801605f4-46e9-4a5d-8d89-1ef8329b4264/7.png African Artefacts Amphora, Kabylie, Algeria. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d26ef065-0d5e-4aab-90e9-2b2612090537/5.png African Artefacts Latuka armlet, South Sudan. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ae5ca62a-d829-487e-85a7-0f34443ba387/14.jpeg African Artefacts Side-blown Trumpet (Oko), Nigeria, 18th–19th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/08cc8657-d5c6-4c18-aed2-18d5e69fb9fd/15.jpg African Artefacts Akan Weight, Ghana/ Côte d'Ivoire, 18th-late 19th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6767dae6-5892-4b5b-8c92-6a41ca18d47e/11.jpeg African Artefacts Edo Vessel, 16th–19th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dc708f0d-6fb7-433a-b45b-fa6b68fe9a0f/10.jpeg African Artefacts Tellem Headrest or headboard, Mali, 16th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/472732e9-bad9-4a45-9a1a-d63e9eac11f7/1.jpeg African Artefacts Prestige headdress, Central Africa, ca. 1850–1920. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2570776e-93f0-4150-9e36-24a40c4b6423/12.jpeg African Artefacts Box: Oba Ozolua and Unidentified Oba, Nigeria, 19th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9d6bca7-b55b-4c39-9943-31de51cfeeaf/9.jpg African Artefacts Small ivory bracelet with grooved rim, Lozi, 1905. Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8584822f-4040-4daf-8b62-f75660869e72/13.jpg African Artefacts Akan Weight, Ghana/ Côte d'Ivoire, 18th-late 19th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6fddcb10-0677-4b59-a8f1-75515238284d/2.png African Artefacts Fragment of shell. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/abf730f2-24d9-4252-88e1-27bd1783a622/8.jpg African Artefacts Image is part of the Putnam African art collection. Epulu, 1953. Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d4dd4ca-f148-4114-9c46-bc1c2a07f88b/6.png African Artefacts Yoruba Armlet, Nigeria, 17thC - 18thC. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f5cc3f0-d783-41bc-94d6-398a391cbdd3/luba_2.jpg African Artefacts Unknown Artist. "Luba art varies regionally and has also influenced the art of neighboring peoples including the Hemba and the Boyo. Most of the Luba art in Western collections was originally produced in association with royal or chiefly courts and was meant to validate the power of leaders. Luba art forms tend to be "delicately modeled and curvilinear, expressing serenity and introspection." Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a96d2fbd-3e47-4b89-a60d-e38c29ae4a65/luba_4.jpg African Artefacts Unknown Artist. Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean-artefacts daily 0.75 2026-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef65e9c9-6fa4-4da9-9008-ae572ae8de6b/zemi-8.gif Caribbean Artefacts Human Effigie https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cced3b16-1bf8-4207-a815-745bb21e7942/swallow-stick-1.gif Caribbean Artefacts Taino Vomit Spatulas for Cohoba Ritual https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/77535923-e82f-420f-a64c-cd47cab95621/boat-bowl-1.gif Caribbean Artefacts Boat shaped bowl with effigy handles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09ee6daf-cdb1-4c7b-935a-301bba1be71f/mid_00378378_001.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Figure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/111b9a34-9e2f-4f86-92e3-800ad3aae3f3/main-image-3.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Flying Panel Metate - Costa Rica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/800f1ebc-be60-4769-b84b-ac26a8e8bb7b/main-image-7.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Incense Burner - Costa Rica or Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1e754c4-de63-4c77-9501-d5b107a89b3c/duho-2.gif Caribbean Artefacts Tainos Duho Ceremonial seat https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2ca36560-64ff-4cf7-98b5-6416e20e11ca/A+Taino+Figure%2C+Santo+Domingo+-+Artkhade.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts A Taino Figure (Carvings / Sculptures) made of Stone measures 23 cm (9.1 in). Dated CA. A.D. 800-1500, it originates from Hispaniola / Santo Domingo / Puerto Rico, is categorized as Iguana, and belongs to the Taino culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c989901d-10e4-47d7-bb7d-54a18526eda3/taino-grinding-table-greater-antilles.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Grinding Table - Greater Antilles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b2eab97-6569-4a62-95ea-93706c982ef4/bulletin-united-states-national-museum-1931-20320019339-2264d3-1024.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Bulletin - United States National Museum (1931) (20320019339) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4e4198a-97f4-4800-b04b-534353820266/15.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Winged pendant Central Region artist(s) 300–800 CE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9596c9c8-e618-49d9-a8c3-2043be5d8797/Cemi-Guaiacum-sp-AD-1031-1299-wood-and-resin-dates-Loma-de-Polo-possibly-Loma-Pie.png Caribbean Artefacts Cemı , Guaiacum sp., AD 1031–1299 (wood and resin dates), Loma de Polo (possibly Loma Pie de Palo) near Barahona, Dominican Republic. H: 192mm; W: 65mm (max); D: 56mm. Courtesy of the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 058307. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f54c74f7-51f6-4ad2-bd0e-8b4739139c7a/an00242103_001_l.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Jamaican Taino – Male figure (Boinayel?), 15th century © The Trustees of the British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0834834-a8d5-4cb4-af62-2c20b7fcf05a/Examples-of-iconographic-objects-from-the-Caribbean-A-Cohoba-Inhaler-by-Walters-Art.ppm.png Caribbean Artefacts 4. Examples of iconographic objects from the Caribbean: A, Cohoba Inhaler (by Walters Art Museum, CC BY-SA 3.0); B, Cohoba Spoon (by Brooklyn Museum); C, Reconstructed Cedrosan Saladoid bowl from Tecla, Guayanilla, Puerto Rico (photo by Jose Oliver); D, La Huecan jadeite/jadeitite bird pendant from Vieques (photo by Jose Oliver); E, La Huecan jadeite/jadeitite bird pendant from Vieques (photo by Jose Oliver). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fcbbde62-4adb-431f-8042-005ac5e24e31/Kelsey-duho-Guaiacum-sp-AD-1298-1433-wood-and-resin-dates-Puerto-Plata-region.png Caribbean Artefacts Kelsey duho, Guaiacum sp., AD 1298–1433 (wood and resin dates), Puerto Plata region (?), Dominincan Republic. L: 605mm; W: 205mm (max); H: 168mm. Courtesy of the Saint Louis Art Museum, Friends Fund and Primitive Art Society Fund in honor of Morton D. May, 168:1981. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38aa9a1e-f049-4ee9-bb6f-45f9c2a14e35/EBSgriddle-500x357.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Ceramic Burén and Grater Teeth. 1200–1500 CE. Taíno culture; En Bas Saline, Haiti, Caribbean. A domestic ceramic burén (griddle) paired with microlith grater teeth, uncovered in archaeological deposits at the En Bas Saline site. The burén was hand-formed and fired using traditional ceramic technology, producing a flat cooking surface integral to food preparation in Taíno households, while the grater teeth—small lithic implements—were used to grate or rasp foodstuffs, reflecting routine culinary and domestic practices. Together these artifacts illustrate everyday material culture and subsistence activities of Taíno communities prior to European contact. Recovered through controlled excavation by historical archaeologists; curated as part of the Florida Museum of Natural History Historical Archaeology collections, University of Florida. Public domain. Florida Museum of Natural History. (n.d.). Burén and grater teeth (Artifact No. 091). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e85aa93-b79c-4974-9879-df0d6ff929c4/31EBS-600x450.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Stone Labrets or Earplugs. 1200–1500 CE. Taíno culture; En Bas Saline, Haiti, Caribbean. Worked stone ornaments interpreted as labrets or earplugs, part of personal adornment and jewelry practices in pre-Columbian Taíno communities. Recovered through archaeological excavation at the En Bas Saline site, these stone labrets/earplugs exemplify the material culture of Taíno everyday life and adornment traditions prior to European contact. Curated by the Historical Archaeology Program, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. Public domain. Florida Museum of Natural History. (n.d.). Stone labrets or earplugs (Artifact No. 078). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e88a2d3-c42f-4628-9fe5-74044d3cac73/Screenshot+2026-02-19+at+9.46.44%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Gourd Vessel. Before 1829 (date uncertain). Likely collected on or before 1829 by Greville John Chester. Made from a gourd plant, split, scraped, and carved to form a functional container; diameter up to 145 mm, height up to 55 mm. This worked gourd vessel exemplifies Caribbean utilitarian craft traditions in plant-based material culture, where gourds were transformed through splitting and scraping into containers for storage, food preparation, or transport. Its form and manufacture reflect the technologies and domestic economy of early Caribbean life. Transferred to the Pitt Rivers Museum on 18 November 1885 from the Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford (Accession no. 1886.1.992; other no. 109 992). The exact collector and original context are uncertain, and the date of manufacture is estimated as before 1829 based on catalogue records. Collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. Pitt Rivers Museum. (n.d.). Gourd vessel (Accession No. 1886.1.992). University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/786c5679-1a9b-4479-a6be-957db2ebc40b/collage.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Material Remains from En Bas Saline. ca. AD 1200–1500. Taíno culture; En Bas Saline, Haiti, Caribbean. Predominantly ceramic (Carrier pottery, a local variant of the Chican-Ostionoid subseries), with additional materials including shell, bone, stone, and cotton-processing tools. Excavations at the En Bas Saline site recovered 119,169 artifacts, of which 73,303 derived from undisturbed contexts below the modern plowzone. Over 98% of the assemblage consists of ceramics associated with food preparation and consumption, particularly Carrier pottery distinguished by specific paste composition, manufacturing techniques, decorative modes, and vessel forms. Additional artifact categories include shell, bone, and stone ornaments and beads; fishing weights; cooking griddles; shell and bone tools; and stamps used to imprint patterns on cotton cloth. The collection is curated on behalf of the Haitian government by the Florida Museum of Natural History under a cooperative agreement between the University of Florida and the Bureau National d’Ethnologie d’Haïti, which includes provisions for training and research. Florida Museum of Natural History. (n.d.). Material remains from En Bas Saline. University of Florida. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5a7f54af-975a-4d05-8a97-5ee1c4c788f6/1512010081-Edit-wm.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Vessel with Frog Adorno. Taíno culture; Dominican Republic, Caribbean. Ceramic pottery vessel, ca. AD 1200–1500, prior to European contact. This utilitarian vessel features an applied frog-shaped adorno — a decorative motif that held symbolic significance within Taíno cosmology. Frogs and the color green were associated with female fertility and beneficial rains, and the female deity Attabeira (“Frog Woman”) was one of the most important deities in Taíno belief systems; such motifs on pottery reflect the integration of spiritual symbolism into everyday ceramics and beverage or broth serving vessels. The form and decorative practice demonstrate typical Late Ceramic Age pottery production techniques among Indigenous Caribbean peoples. Recovered through archaeological fieldwork and curated by the Florida Museum of Natural History’s Caribbean Archaeology collection. Featured in the Rare, Beautiful & Fascinating: 100 Years at FloridaMuseum online gallery and representative of Taíno material heritage preserved in museum collections. Public domain. Florida Museum of Natural History. (n.d.). Vessel with frog adorno. University of Florida. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f2b2ec4-eb1d-4ffe-beb0-c9c9390e89eb/main-image-4.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Figure Pendant. 10th–15th century. Taíno culture; Dominican Republic, Caribbean. Carved stone pendant (H. 5.1 cm [2 in]) representing a crouching anthropomorphic zemí figure, created by Taíno carvers using direct percussion and grinding to shape and smooth the stone surface. In Taíno cosmology, zemí (or cemí) refers to ancestral and spiritual forces embodied in objects and beings; pendants such as this were worn by leaders, healers, or ritual specialists as symbols of authority, protection, and connection to deities and ancestors. This pendant reflects the artistic skill and spiritual lifeworld of pre-Columbian Taíno societies of the Greater Antilles. Object Number: 1983.544.4. Gift of Vincent and Margaret Fay, 1983. Collection of the The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Public domain. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Figure Pendant (Object No. 1983.544.4). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f37b9078-f1a4-4164-878e-ccefee163848/main-image-3.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Celt. 7th–10th century. Taíno culture; Puerto Rico, Caribbean. Stone implement (Height 9 5/8 in. × Width 3 3/8 in. / 24.4 × 8.6 cm) carved and ground to a polished edge. This celt was made by Taíno craftspersons using percussion and abrasive techniques to shape the stone into a dual-purpose tool that could function as both a utilitarian blade and a symbolic or ceremonial object. Anonymous Gift, 1995 (Object No. 1995.313). Collection of the The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Public domain. (metmuseum.org) The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Celt (Object No. 1995.313). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d6d99c5-c5c8-4771-84ba-dc1f7ae9bf27/Screenshot+2026-02-19+at+9.39.10%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Cockroach Trap. Possibly before 1878. Maker unknown; Jamaica, Caribbean. Grass fibre plant material; woven using basketry techniques. Length: 155 mm (maximum). This woven grass-fibre object is identified as a cockroach trap and reflects domestic pest-control practices within Caribbean material culture prior to the late nineteenth century. Constructed through basketry processes, the object demonstrates skilled fibre manipulation and plant-based craft technologies common across the region. Accession no. 1884.117.104. PR Cat other no.: 3373 (possible). Collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. Pitt Rivers Museum. (n.d.). Cockroach trap (Accession No. 1884.117.104). University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0ca8286-3f91-49b0-926e-b265356480a8/Screenshot+2026-02-19+at+9.50.52%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Wanga (Beaded Ritual Object). Before 1904. Haiti; Port-au-Prince, Caribbean. Material: bead. This beaded ritual object, identified as a wanga, is associated with Haitian Vodou spiritual practice. Wangas are typically charm or power objects used within ritual contexts for protection, healing, spiritual communication, or the channeling of specific lwa (spirits). Collected by John Oliver Wardrop (also recorded as J.O. Wardrop; archival records confirm these refer to the same individual) by 1904 and donated the same year, the object entered the Pitt Rivers Museum collection as Accession no. 1904.17.6. Research conducted in 2019–2020 (Beyond the Binary Project) contextualizes Vodou cosmology as inclusive of diverse gender and sexual identities, noting that certain lwa are understood as LGBTIQ+ figures and that ritual possession transcends binary gender roles. While broader Haitian society may hold differing views, Vodou communities have historically provided spiritual protection and chosen kinship networks for marginalized identities. Donated 1904. Collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. Pitt Rivers Museum. (n.d.). Wanga (beaded ritual object) (Accession No. 1904.17.6). University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/082361f7-39c9-4a0e-86a6-00c1fd054537/zemi-full-figure.jpg.webp Caribbean Artefacts Anthropomorphic Zemi Figure. Taíno culture; Jamaica, Caribbean. Wood, carved. This full-length anthropomorphic figure represents a zemi — a material embodiment of a spiritual force or ancestral being in Taíno cosmology. The large circular eyes, rigid frontal stance, and elongated proportions emphasize its sacred presence rather than anatomical realism. Zemí figures functioned as ritual objects invoked during ceremonies and may have served as intermediaries between community leaders and the spirit world. Collection of the National Gallery of Jamaica. National Gallery of Jamaica. (2009, November 28). Jamaican Taíno art at the NGJ [Photograph of anthropomorphic zemi figure]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/78733bc1-f77c-40ad-965d-004aa2d5e812/zemi-wood.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Cigar shaped idol https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/914048de-b9a0-43f8-998f-5eaef821c373/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+7.41.49%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Carib Style Axe. Stone; Length 15 cm × Width 12 cm × Depth 3.20 cm. Caribbean, Americas. This axe, identified as Carib style, was excavated in the Caribbean and reflects Indigenous stone tool traditions of the region. Carved and shaped from stone, the object represents lithic technologies used for woodworking, land clearing, or other utilitarian functions within pre-colonial Caribbean societies. Museum no. Am1931,0509.1; Registration no. Am1931,0509.1. Donated in 1931 by Lt-Cdr R. H. S. Rodger. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (1931). Carib style axe (Museum No. Am1931,0509.1; Registration No. Am1931,0509.1) [Stone axe]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ef62b51-0b9f-40f5-a460-482e748fe18d/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+8.21.24%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Stone Bowl (Possibly for Bruising Grain). Stone; Diameter 14.50 cm × Height 8 cm. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Hispaniola, Caribbean (Greater Antilles). This carved stone bowl, possibly used for bruising or grinding grain, was excavated in Santo Domingo (National District), Dominican Republic. The vessel’s rounded interior and substantial stone body suggest use in food preparation processes such as crushing seeds, grain, or plant materials. Its form aligns with pre-Columbian Taíno and broader Greater Antillean stone vessel traditions associated with domestic subsistence practices. Field collected by Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis, the bowl was later purchased in 1931 from the Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum and incorporated into the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas at the British Museum. It was exhibited internationally in the 2008–2009 exhibition Caribbean Before Columbus (Barcelona, Santiago de Compostela, Madrid). Conservation treatment was recorded on 22 April 2008. Museum no. Am,S.177; Registration no. Am,S.177; CDMS no. Am1931E1.177. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (1931). Stone bowl (possibly for bruising grain) (Museum No. Am,S.177; Registration No. Am,S.177) [Stone bowl]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/410e6c42-9930-4bdb-a5bc-64d5ffea2e96/rattle.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino wooden rattle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c999815-d7c0-45eb-ac25-f6419efb4cd7/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+8.44.13%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Stone Club (Possibly Ceremonial). Stone; Length 45.50 cm × Width 7 cm × Depth 5.10 cm. Caribbean, Americas. This carved stone club features a pointed distal end, a broadly lenticular shaft, and a discoidal proximal end with a central perforation. Its smooth dark grey surface and carefully shaped form suggest both functional and symbolic dimensions. While it may have served as a weapon, the refined finish and perforated discoidal base indicate the possibility of ceremonial or status-related use within Indigenous Caribbean societies. Field collected by Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis, the club was purchased in 1931 from the Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum and incorporated into the British Museum’s Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. The object bears an inscription mark reading “S 1277.” Museum no. Am,S.1277; Registration no. Am,S.1277; CDMS no. Am1931E1.1277. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (1931). Stone club (possibly ceremonial) (Museum No. Am,S.1277; Registration No. Am,S.1277) [Stone club]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f16dfcfc-5c0e-462a-9f71-9ff2764d0e00/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+8.51.36%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts 2 Cents Coin, East Caribbean States. 1994. Aluminium; Weight 1.02 grammes. Issued in the Caribbean (East Caribbean States); produced for the British Caribbean Territories, Eastern Group (historic), recorded as East Caribbean States. This aluminium two-cent coin features a portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse, accompanied by the inscription “QUEEN ELIZABETH THE SECOND.” The reverse depicts palm branches tied at the base and bears the inscription “EAST CARIBBEAN STATES 1998 2 TWO CENTS.” The imagery reflects both British monarchic authority and regional Caribbean symbolism, as palm branches signify tropical identity and geographic context. Issued as part of the East Caribbean States monetary system, the coin represents post-colonial currency structures within the Eastern Caribbean while retaining British sovereign imagery. Donated in 2005 by Orbis Publishing. Museum no. 2005,1055.23; Registration no. 2005,1055.23. Department of Money and Medals. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (2005). 2 cents coin, East Caribbean States (Museum No. 2005,1055.23; Registration No. 2005,1055.23) [Aluminium coin]. Department of Money and Medals, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e029e8bc-6e38-4f54-a320-a4462862b2c1/IMG_3882.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Stone Handaxe (Celt Type). Stone; Length 14 cm × Width 11.50 cm × Depth 1.80 cm. Caribbean, Americas. This stone handaxe, featuring a flared handle and wide blade, represents a lithic form commonly found in the Caribbean and associated with Indigenous pre-Columbian tool traditions. The broad cutting edge and tapered handle suggest use in woodworking, land clearing, or other utilitarian activities requiring durable stone implements. The object’s morphology aligns with Caribbean celt types frequently recovered in archaeological contexts across the West Indies. The handaxe was found in 1997 among unregistered South American collections at the British Museum, part of a group of 17 lithic objects and one pottery head of uncertain provenance. It bears multiple historical numbering systems, including old white-painted number “43,” more recent white-painted number “19,” and a pencil marking reading “W. Indies.” The object was formally registered in May 2013. Museum no. Am1997,Q.1495; Registration no. Am1997,Q.1495. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (2013). Stone handaxe (celt type) (Museum No. Am1997,Q.1495; Registration No. Am1997,Q.1495) [Stone handaxe]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc7224be-440d-4570-ada4-af2ef02eedef/IMG_3883.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Anthropozoomorphic Mano (Rubber/Pestle). Stone; Height 9 cm × Width 7.50 cm × Diameter 6.50 cm. San Domingo (Dominican Republic), Caribbean. This carved brown stone mano, also described in museum records as a “rubber” or pestle, is formed as an anthropozoomorphic female figure. The object features frog-like legs, a heart-shaped face, prominent breasts, and coffee-bean-shaped eyes. Evidence of extensive wear on the base indicates repeated use in grinding or food-processing activities. Excavated in San Domingo (Dominican Republic) and previously owned by Dr. Samuel Egger, the object was purchased in Budapest by Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks for ten shillings and donated to the British Museum on 11 October 1876. It was later exhibited internationally in the 2008–2009 exhibition Caribbean Before Columbus. Museum no. Am.9877; Registration no. Am.9877; CDMS no. Am1876C1.9877; Misc. no. Am1876C1011.1. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (1876). Anthropozoomorphic mano (rubber/pestle) (Museum No. Am.9877; Registration No. Am.9877) [Stone mano]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e9bddd4-d289-4c41-ae01-63d0d770e01a/canopy-figure.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Jamaican Taino – Figure with canopy (facing left) © The Trustees of the British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fc4b66d3-5e74-4f40-b0ee-1ef5485b7da0/IMG_3884.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Stone Ring. Stone. Caribbean, Americas. This stone ring was excavated in the Caribbean and reflects Indigenous lithic traditions of the region. Categorized as ornamental objects, components of regalia, or symbolic items within ritual or social practices. The object’s simple carved form emphasizes durability and portability, consistent with stone-working technologies in the pre-Columbian Caribbean. The ring was rediscovered in 1997 within the Americas collections of the British Museum, apparently unnumbered and unregistered at the time. A label attached to the object reads “W. Simpson Jan. 18 1875,” referencing Reverend Dr. William Sparrow Simpson as a previous owner or collector. Museum no. Am1997,Q.734; Registration no. Am1997,Q.734. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (n.d.). Stone ring (Museum No. Am1997,Q.734; Registration No. Am1997,Q.734) [Stone ring]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9641d17-656e-460b-9a3c-e5197e18eb75/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+9.13.46%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Gourd Vessel for Fermenting Chicha. Gourd; Height 46.50 cm × Diameter 16 cm. Caribbean (West Indies), Americas. This large dried gourd vessel features a globular body with a long neck and a hole bored at the top of the neck. The form and perforation indicate its use as a fermentation container, identified on an attached historical label as a “Gourd for fermenting Chicha.” Chicha is a fermented beverage traditionally produced in Indigenous communities across the Americas, often prepared from maize or other plant materials and consumed in communal or ceremonial contexts. The object was formerly in the collection of the Methodist Missionary Society; the date and means of acquisition by the British Museum are unknown. The label also bears the notation “Valient, West Indies.” Museum no. Am1997,Q.1788; Registration no. Am1997,Q.1788. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (n.d.). Gourd vessel for fermenting chicha (Museum No. Am1997,Q.1788; Registration No. Am1997,Q.1788) [Gourd vessel]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d63a6537-bdd6-41d0-86f7-dfbc15d51125/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+9.23.25%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Warri-Board (Mancala Board). 1940s. Carved wood; Length 63.50 cm × Width 18.50 cm × Depth 4 cm. Speightstown, St Peter, Barbados (Lesser Antilles, Caribbean). This wooden warri-board is carved from a rectangular plank featuring twelve square, flat-bottomed holes arranged in two parallel rows of six. Warri is a Caribbean variant of the wider mancala family of board games, widely understood to derive from West African gaming traditions transmitted through the Atlantic world. In Barbados, warri has historically been played in suburban Bridgetown, Speightstown, and rural west coast communities, though participation has declined locally. Formerly owned by Benjamin “Benny” White, the board was purchased in 1996 from Alexander J. de Voogt with funding from the British Museum Society Board Game Fund. Museum no. Am1996,17.2; Registration no. Am1996,17.2. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (1996). Warri-board (mancala board) (Museum No. Am1996,17.2; Registration No. Am1996,17.2) [Carved wooden game board]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d8a2970-d2a3-4311-8523-d5f33aa09679/heart-vessel.gif Caribbean Artefacts Taino Pottery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/35031020-d4b2-44af-9c5b-dc52eb2eb470/vomiting-stick.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Vomit Spatulas for Cohoba Ritual https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e6968f2-6bc7-49b8-986e-a8d3d69243cc/round-bowl.gif Caribbean Artefacts Round bowl with strap handles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76446a44-f267-4694-b9a1-cf188c3c57c3/mid_00030339_001.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Figure https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/558524c6-e612-41ae-94cc-11ee71397c3f/main-image-4.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Taino bowl https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5fa74068-5773-441e-8efc-9eb599875bff/duho-1.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Tainos Duho Ceremonial seat https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/575b9107-9a87-4ad1-8f50-9b98cac53f64/A+Taino+Zemi+Trigonolith%2C+Greater+Antilles+-+Artkhade.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts A Taino Zemi Trigonolith (zemi, trigonolite) made of basalt. 15.5 cm (6.1 in). Dated CA. A.D. 800-1500. Originates from the Greater Antilles. Categorized as cephalomorphic and belongs to the Taino culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d319bfb2-9643-4dae-bed5-32fa3978c93e/Taino+Amulet.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Amulet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5eb43fc8-5d6b-4c03-8484-826521f923af/taino-pestle-santo-domingo-greater-antilles.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Pestle - Greater Antilles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8bb59b89-da8c-4ba3-b6f4-baa3f08df648/Cohoba-stand-Guaiacum-sp-shell-AD-974-1020-modelled-dates-Dominican-Republic-Haiti.png Caribbean Artefacts Cohoba stand, Guaiacum sp., shell, AD 974–1020 (modelled dates), Dominican Republic/Haiti (?). H: 665mm; W: 220mm (max); D: 230mm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Bequest of Nelson A. Rockefeller, 1979 (1979.206.380). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/928f23d7-e93c-46c4-b20f-5baa77bffb08/bird-man.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Jamaican Taino – The Bird Man (800-1500) © The Trustees of the British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8701a92e-38d8-43c8-bd35-bb1d328587cb/Reliquary-Guaiacum-sp-AD-1052-1176-modelled-dates-Dominican-Republic-Haiti-H.png Caribbean Artefacts Reliquary, Guaiacum sp., AD 1052–1176 (modelled dates), Dominican Republic/Haiti (?). H: 460mm; W: 249mm (max); D: 250mm. Courtesy of Musée Barrois, Bar-le-Duc, France, 850.20.38. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0178713e-c004-4c64-b799-c59d6f00a88a/Screenshot+2026-02-19+at+10.03.01%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Fish Palate Rasp for Grating Cacao. Before 1906. Unknown field collector; Caribbean. Material: fish palate bone; cut and worn through use. Dimensions: Length 160 mm × Width 38 mm (maximum). This rasp was fashioned from the bony palate of a fish and used as a grating implement for processing cacao, an important food and ceremonial substance in the Caribbean and wider Indigenous foodways. Bone rasps like this provided a roughened surface ideal for breaking down dried cacao seeds into meal or paste as part of traditional preparation techniques prior to the introduction of metal grating tools. Donated in March 1906 by Sarah Constance Silver via the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, the object entered the Pitt Rivers Museum collection as Accession no. 1906.20.82 (Other no.: A. 321). Its production and use predate 1906; the specific collector remains unknown. Collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. Pitt Rivers Museum. (n.d.). Fish palate rasp for grating cacao (Accession No. 1906.20.82). University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/86c8c99d-7174-4dc1-bdab-2b3d0428e0fd/Jamaica_image104-1024x717.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Meillacoid Pottery Sherds (FLMNH Catalog #96-45-1). Pre-Columbian; recovered from Skyline, Jamaica, Caribbean. Ceramic sherd fragments displaying incised decoration and a folded rim, characteristic of Meillacoid style pottery, a Late Ceramic Age ceramic type in the Greater Antilles. These sherds were made by Indigenous potters using hand-building and clay-tempering techniques typical of the Caribbean archaeological tradition, with surface treatments that include incising and folded rims reflecting stylistic and functional ceramic practices in pre-contact Jamaican communities. The Meillacoid ceramic series first appears in Hispaniola around AD 800–900 and spread to Jamaica and other islands, indicating broad cultural interaction and movement of peoples and styles across the region during the late first millennium CE. Collected through archaeological fieldwork; curated in the Caribbean Archaeology collection of the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. Public domain. Florida Museum of Natural History. (n.d.). Meillacoid pottery sherds (FLMNH Catalog No. 96-45-1). University of Florida. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13e9eee1-3508-40e0-b99c-257bff1a9a9f/main-image-6.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Beads. 10th–15th century. Taíno culture; Dominican Republic, Caribbean. Stone beads (diameter 3/8 in. × length 1 5/8 in. / 1 × 4.1 cm) comprising part of a necklace or ornament. These small carved stone beads reflect personal adornment practices among pre-Columbian Taíno peoples, where stone ornaments served both aesthetic and social functions and were incorporated into dress, status displays, and exchange networks. Their manufacture entailed shaping and perforating stone using abrasion and pecking techniques typical of Caribbean Indigenous lithic craft. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Reynold C. Kerr, 1984 (Object No. 1984.519.3–.43). Collection of the The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Public domain. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Beads (Object No. 1984.519.3–.43). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/12c054b7-1ea0-4981-848b-9ffb69917823/main-image-5.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Stone Celt. Before the 16th century. Taíno culture; Dominican Republic, Caribbean. Carved stone implement (Height: 6 7/8 in. [17.5 cm]), shaped by Taíno craftspersons through percussion and grinding techniques to produce a functional and polished tool. In Taíno societies of the Greater Antilles, celts served as both practical implements and objects of symbolic or ceremonial significance, reflecting skilled lithic technology and socio-cultural roles in craft production, exchange, or ritual practice. Object Number: 1994.35.423. Bequest of Arthur M. Bullowa, 1993. Collection of the The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Public domain. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Stone Celt (Object No. 1994.35.423). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b7afa0dc-4206-4ea1-a4de-7906458e3dc2/Screenshot+2026-02-19+at+9.59.52%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Turtleshell Spoon with Spatula-Shaped Handle. Before 1906. Unknown field collector; Caribbean. Material: turtleshell (reptile), carved. Length: 127 mm (maximum). This carved turtleshell spoon features a small bowl transitioning into a spatula-shaped handle, reflecting utilitarian craft traditions in the Caribbean where natural materials were transformed through careful carving into everyday implements. Donated in March 1906 by Sarah Constance Silver via the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, the object entered the Pitt Rivers Museum collection as Accession no. 1906.20.113. Its manufacture predates 1906, and the specific collector remains unknown.Collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. Pitt Rivers Museum. (n.d.). Turtleshell spoon with spatula-shaped handle (Accession No. 1906.20.113). University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ed201e31-75a1-4c54-8b79-59aec7240841/Screenshot+2026-02-19+at+9.58.05%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Specimen of Lace-Bark. Before 1912. Unknown field collector; Caribbean. Material: lace-bark wood plant, beaten; mounted on a stand. Dimensions: Height 205 mm × Width 91 mm × Depth 57 mm. This botanical artifact consists of a piece of lace-bark wood retaining both its natural bark form on the lower half and an expanded, beaten lace-like texture above, mounted for display or study. Collected by 1912 and donated in the same year by Mary Elizabeth Wilkins, the specimen was incorporated into the Pitt Rivers Museum’s ethnographic botanical holdings (Accession no. 1912.13.13). Collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. Pitt Rivers Museum. (n.d.). Specimen of lace-bark (Accession No. 1912.13.13). University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9541c506-77bf-444e-a0a8-a869fb8f91d3/spoon1.jpg.webp Caribbean Artefacts Carved Spoon with Anthropomorphic Handle. Taíno culture; Jamaica, Caribbean. Wood, carved. This carved wooden spoon features a stylized human face forming the handle, merging utilitarian design with spiritual symbolism. The exaggerated facial features and compact proportions align with Taíno sculptural conventions, where objects used in daily life often carried cosmological meaning. Collection of the National Gallery of Jamaica. National Gallery of Jamaica. (2009, November 28). Jamaican Taíno art at the NGJ [Photograph of carved spoon]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e0e7ef45-30e3-4a55-9a1d-c65c0812ea88/carving-of-bird1.jpg.webp Caribbean Artefacts Avian Carved Figure (Possibly a Zemi Representation). Taíno culture; Jamaica, Caribbean. Wood, carved. This sculptural figure represents a stylized bird form carved from a single piece of wood. Avian imagery in Taíno cosmology often signified spiritual intermediaries, mobility between worlds, or ancestral presence. The simplified geometry and balanced symmetry reflect Taíno carving traditions that merged spiritual iconography with functional or ceremonial objects. Collection of the National Gallery of Jamaica. National Gallery of Jamaica. (2009, November 28). Jamaican Taíno art at the NGJ [Photograph of avian carved figure]. https://nationalgalleryofjamaica.wordpress.com/2009/11/28/jamaican-taino-art-at-the-ngj/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d9096ca-fe65-402f-9339-1fd118388475/cohoba-stand.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Cohoba stand https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ea793ba-460e-4836-af8f-a59b56f57c56/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+8.14.28%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Axe or Wedge with Human Figure. Stone; Length 19.50 cm × Width 8 cm × Diameter 4 cm. Caribbean, Americas. This carved stone object, identified as an axe or wedge, features a possible anthropomorphic figure integrated into its form. Excavated in the Caribbean, the piece reflects pre-Columbian Indigenous stone-working traditions and may align stylistically with Taíno or related Caribbean cultural contexts. Bequeathed in 1865 by Henry Christy and held in the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, the object has been exhibited internationally, including in the 2008–2009 exhibition Caribbean Before Columbus (Barcelona, Santiago de Compostela, Madrid). Conservation treatment was recorded on 28 March 2008. Museum no. Am,MI.128; Registration no. Am,MI.128. Additional IDs: CDMS no. Am186?C4.128; Misc. no. Am186?C5.314. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (1865). Axe or wedge with human figure (Museum No. Am,MI.128; Registration No. Am,MI.128) [Stone object]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ccdabb80-17e4-4b9f-aa9b-bdbc1288243e/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+8.35.10%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Stone Bowl or Grindstone. Stone; Height 7.50 cm × Width 18 cm × Depth 16.50 cm; Weight 2.24 kg. Caribbean, Americas. This heavy stone object is identified in the museum record as either a bowl or a grindstone. Its broad surface area, substantial weight, and shallow depth suggest possible use in food processing activities such as grinding or crushing plant materials, though its exact function remains uncertain. Found or acquired in the Caribbean, the object reflects stone tool and vessel traditions associated with Indigenous Caribbean material culture. The piece was discovered in the Americas collections of the British Museum in 1997. Museum no. Am1997,Q.788; Registration no. Am1997,Q.788. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (n.d.). Stone bowl or grindstone (Museum No. Am1997,Q.788; Registration No. Am1997,Q.788) [Stone object]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e6d6a45-de85-4661-96a8-6747f738b5a2/wooden-rattle.gif Caribbean Artefacts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8454e003-27e0-4652-ad1a-1926c83f2f2c/main-image.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino – Deity (Zemi) (c1,000 AD), Metropolitan Museum, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Bequest of Nelson A. Rockefeller, 1979 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4793dcb8-a695-4a2f-b526-bf5324479b2c/main-image-7.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Turtle Bell. Gold; Length 3.3 cm × Width 2.7 cm. Central Caribbean Region (likely Costa Rica), ca. 900–1520 CE. This small gold bell is cast in the form of a turtle—a motif common in Isthmian metalwork and iconography of the Veraguas-Chiriquí tradition. The bell was produced using the lost-wax casting process, with added details such as semi-spherical eyes and a suspension loop formed from joined wax threads. Its resonator contains a metal clapper, indicating it was designed to produce sound, possibly in ritual or ceremonial contexts. The turtle form may reference freshwater or terrestrial species and reflects the significance of reptilian imagery in prehistoric Caribbean and Central American material cultures. Bequest of Alice K. Bache, 1977. Object no. 1977.187.26. Collection of the The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Not on view. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Turtle bell (Object No. 1977.187.26) [Gold bell]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e65afc84-a5d0-45e4-b9b2-665b87f0940a/pottery-6.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Pottery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ba3e6f6-4598-4e50-95ed-add7ba4a7a68/effigy-dish.gif Caribbean Artefacts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce8b9a0c-8cb7-41aa-87a4-311c6ed9b598/duho-2.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Tainos Duho Ceremonial seat https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e3fb970-14fa-4bde-9ff0-d207825f38c5/taino-mortar-dominican-republic.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Mortar - Dominican Republic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/29595b4c-db23-42ba-a44d-5350e52e3678/555.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Bowl with Resist Design Proto-Taíno (Early Ostionoid) 7th–10th century https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3c33e760-af80-4254-b763-421b5ba1fe24/Florence-platter-Guaiacum-sp-AD-1445-1523-695-probability-Dominican.png Caribbean Artefacts Florence platter, Guaiacum sp., AD 1445–1523 (69.5% probability), Dominican Republic/Haiti (?). L: 506mm; W: 222mm (max); D: 63mm. Courtesy of the Museum of Natural History, Section of Anthropology and Ethnology, Florence, Italy, 308. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8086dd9-2640-48fd-8571-e2eb95a6545d/main-image-5.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Taino Bowl https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aa69620e-34d1-457e-8172-68d9122e02d2/1512010062-Edit-wm.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Manioc Beer Pottery Vessel. Native Island peoples; Grenada, Caribbean, ca. AD 1200–1400. Ceramic vessel with elaborate design and interior black resin coating, likely used in communal drinking contexts. The resin coating inside the vessel provides rare archaeological evidence of the processing and storage of acidic fermented liquids such as manioc beer — a traditional alcoholic beverage produced by boiling cassava (manioc), chewing or mashing it, and allowing it to ferment; the resin served to protect the ceramic interior from deterioration and reflects sophisticated understanding of material properties and foodways. Recovered through archaeological field research and curated by the Caribbean Archaeology collection of the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. Public domain. Florida Museum of Natural History. (n.d.). Manioc beer pottery vessel. University of Florida. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c860524-e57c-41d7-aaba-719aba6acb50/main-image-2.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Necklace with Pendant Figure. 13th–15th century. Taíno culture; Dominican Republic, Caribbean. Stone pendant with anthropomorphic zemí figure (pendant height 1 3/4 in. / 4.4 cm), worn as a necklace and associated with leaders, healers, or ritual specialists. The figure represents a zemí — a spiritual force or entity central to Taíno cosmology that embodied the presence of deities and ancestors and was invoked in ceremonial contexts. The pendant reflects the skilled lithic shaping and perforation techniques used by Taíno artisans and the integration of spiritual iconography into personal adornment. Gift of Vincent and Margaret Fay, 1983 (Object No. 1983.544.2). Collection of the The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Public domain. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Necklace with pendant figure (Object No. 1983.544.2). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0a16dca-3008-477a-ab76-e530e0c29f1e/main-image.jpeg Caribbean Artefacts Celt, 7th–10th century, Taíno culture, Puerto Rico, Caribbean. Carved stone (H. 24.4 cm × W. 8.6 cm [9 5/8 × 3 3/8 in.]). This polished stone implement was created by Taíno artisans using pecking and grinding techniques to shape and smooth the stone surface. Celts functioned both as practical tools and as ceremonial or symbolic objects within Taíno society, often serving as markers of status, exchange, or ritual dedication. Anonymous Gift, 1995. Accession no. 1995.313. Collection of the The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Public domain. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Celt (Accession No. 1995.313). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9304662-cae9-4d33-98df-84397ed22c9e/Screenshot+2026-02-19+at+10.06.53%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Whip with Beaten and Twisted Lash. Before 1925. Possibly collected by Admiral Digby. Material: plant stem and bark wood; beaten and twisted. Dimensions: Length 454 mm × Width 37 mm (maximum). This whip was crafted from a tree branch whose bark was beaten out and twisted into a cord to form the lash. The construction reflects indigenous plant-fiber processing techniques in the Caribbean region, where natural materials were transformed through beating and twisting to produce durable cords and handles for functional items. Donated in 1925 by Mrs. Digby, the object entered the Pitt Rivers Museum collection as Accession no. 1925.7.1. Its manufacture predates 1925, though precise provenance and field collection details remain uncertain. Collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. Pitt Rivers Museum. (n.d.). Whip with beaten and twisted lash (Accession No. 1925.7.1). University of Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f7216397-1cda-425b-83aa-def3a4d6f2af/duho-edited1.jpg.webp Caribbean Artefacts Duho (Ceremonial Seat). Taíno culture; Jamaica, Caribbean. Wood, carved. This wooden duho (ceremonial seat) features a curved reclining surface supported by carved anthropomorphic legs. Duhos were reserved for caciques (chiefs) and high-status individuals and were central to political and ritual life. The low, elongated form supported a semi-reclining posture during ceremonial gatherings, reinforcing hierarchy and authority. Carved from a single log, the seat demonstrates advanced woodworking skill and reflects the social stratification of Taíno society. Collection of the National Gallery of Jamaica. National Gallery of Jamaica. (2009, November 28). Jamaican Taíno art at the NGJ [Photograph of duho ceremonial seat]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fb03312c-459f-416a-bac7-dae596e4101f/cohoba-stand-2.jpg Caribbean Artefacts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e627ec39-f36d-4c3b-8a69-1086482a2662/1512010035-Edit-wm.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Stone Hoes. Circa AD 200–1400. Indigenous Caribbean peoples, Grenada; Caribbean. Basalt stone implements shaped into heavy, axe-like forms through percussion and grinding techniques, likely used as digging hoes for preparing agricultural soils such as those for cassava and sweet potato, and, in some cases, as valued exchange objects or symbols of social importance within native trade networks. Archaeological context and analysis by the Historical Archaeology and Caribbean Archaeology programs of the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. Featured in the Rare, Beautiful & Fascinating: 100 Years at FloridaMuseum online exhibit. Public domain. (Source: Florida Museum of Natural History, “Stone Hoes”). Florida Museum of Natural History. (n.d.). Stone Hoes (Object from Rare, Beautiful & Fascinating: 100 Years at FloridaMuseum). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8fb5b648-9c57-46da-8d39-4ca713937333/duho.jpg Caribbean Artefacts Tainos Duho Ceremonial seat https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71ea6a43-a468-4934-8ef4-00f62cc63039/Screenshot+2026-02-20+at+8.17.11%E2%80%AFAM.png Caribbean Artefacts Adze Blade. Early 19th century. Stone; Height 10 cm × Width 4.50 cm × Depth 1.70 cm. Caribbean, Americas. This stone adze blade was excavated in the Caribbean and reflects Indigenous and early historic lithic tool traditions in the region. Adzes were woodworking implements used for shaping timber, canoe construction, architectural framing, and other forms of craft production. Collected in the field by Sir Graham Briggs and later acquired from his estate, the object forms part of a West Indies archaeological collection (Am,+.4380–4420) purchased by Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks and donated to the British Museum on 29 November 1889. Museum no. Am,+.4406; Registration no. Am,+.4406; CDMS no. Am1889C2.4406. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Currently not on display. Collection of the British Museum, London. British Museum. (1889). Adze blade (Museum No. Am,+.4406; Registration No. Am,+.4406) [Stone adze blade]. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/the-black-panthers daily 0.75 2026-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fb7c1f2c-0282-4c3c-848a-a88cde66aaa0/black_panthers-press-06.jpg The Black Panthers Children walk by Panther Power graffiti photographed by Stephen Shames https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfae736d-551c-4c6a-8258-dd07918be865/Kzoo_Breakfast_program_001.jpg The Black Panthers Children sit to eat at a free meal provided by the Black Panther Party. Stephen Shames and Ducho Dennis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6df6dd0d-9db4-4773-9dcc-4ed2c0141e98/90-1.jpeg The Black Panthers William Hampton (from left), brother of slain Illinois Black Panther Party chairman Fred Hampton Sr., the Rev. Jesse Jackson, Black Panther Party official Bobby Rush and Renault Robinson, president of the Afro American Patrolmen’s League, are shown at a December 1969 news conference at the Capitol Theatre in Chicago https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/95888d4d-3243-495d-acc0-f5631b9c21a3/4200.jpg The Black Panthers George Jackson’s funeral at St. Augustine’s Church, Oakland, California, 1971 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9c4931f-ef84-4521-accd-25697f7edea8/Vol.1%2CNo.1%2CApril+25%2C1967.png The Black Panthers The Black Panther Newspaper Vol. ,No.1, April 25, 1967 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b3f5078-235f-49c1-8587-0b542eb4b081/2800.jpg The Black Panthers A boy gives raised fist salute in front of the New Haven courthouse during a demonstration by 15,000 people in1970. Bobby Seale, chairman of the party, and Ericka Huggins were on trial along for murder. Both were acquitted. Photograph: Stephen Shames https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/088d8222-0804-49d6-a001-d8f97de0b8c4/Fairey-JesseNubian-2019.jpg The Black Panthers Shepard Fairey. Jesse Nubian. 2019. Courtesy of the Richard F. Brush Art Gallery. https://jstor.org/stable/community.27081944. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/77728f4a-1f48-4712-af71-bef7f1df1253/blackpanther-freebreakfast.jpg The Black Panthers A 1970 flier advertising the Black Panthers' free breakfast program in Washington D.C. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/26be9fb9-421f-453d-88d5-4715d1c6188b/1000017955.jpg The Black Panthers Flyer Promoting a Rally for Angela Davis Day, September 1971, Third World Women's Alliance, American. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e5b2729-4a6e-4020-bc7c-0c5814d26e2b/1000017957.jpg The Black Panthers Alfredo Rostgaard, Cuban, Black Power, 1960s. National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. CC0. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4b839a64-09c4-4c9a-8cdc-a247461f6188/1000017961.webp The Black Panthers The Black Panther Movement at the Mangrove Nine march in 1970 [Photo courtesy of National Archives UK] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f1d4447-e14f-4a1e-a78a-defd3231ea7a/1000017973.jpg The Black Panthers Poster for a Free Huey Rally at De Fremery Park, 1960s, Black Panther Party, American. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07e68d8b-73a2-4fca-bb67-7aedd31b9c8b/1000017962.webp The Black Panthers Activist, revolutionary and Black Power leader Michael de Freitas aka Michael X (1933-1975) on August 31, 1967 [Daily Express/Hulton Archive/Getty Images] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85502a9b-f47d-47a4-9c41-64cf5b274589/1000017964.webp The Black Panthers A special edition of Black Power Speaks featuring a message from Kwame Nkrumah (July 1968) [Photo courtesy of George Padmore Institute] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/63e14e22-add0-403b-b6f5-18256a218ee4/1000017967.webp The Black Panthers Black Panther Movement at the Mangrove demonstration in 1970 [Photo courtesy of National Archives UK] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/478fd2f3-59a0-4149-a8b9-2e691917aace/1000017968.webp The Black Panthers A protest in solidarity with Anguilla against the British invasion of the island, supported by the Black Panther Movement, at Piccadilly Circus in London on March 24, 1969 [Daily Express/Pictorial Parade/Hulton Archive/Getty Images] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b21fbb82-0a71-40b5-88db-ab3ccb907dc6/1000017978.jpg The Black Panthers Gus Hall (1972) Free Angela Davis And All Political Prisoners. Courtesy of the Richard F. Brush Art Gallery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4cddad3a-123a-434d-bc32-bf7405063a0f/1000017984.jpg The Black Panthers What Are You Doing To Free Angela. 1970-1972. Courtesy of the Richard F. Brush Art Gallery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13f23c11-5b42-4dc3-bb49-09863fed3e5f/1000017986.jpg The Black Panthers Special edition of Black Power Speaks featuring a message from Kwame Nkrumah (July 1968} [Photo courtesy of George Padmore Institute] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15a07bcf-e608-43bd-b1a5-e5dddafc8b26/1000018047.jpg The Black Panthers 'Black Power to Black People: Branding the Black Panther Party' , 1970. ( Courtesy of Poster House ) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ebf1358d-3342-473d-97f7-553dfb2ecac7/1000018048.webp The Black Panthers Black Panther Party demonstrating outside the New York County Criminal Court in New York City on April 11, 1969. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fbe1e1f9-8d58-4f28-b190-5096af43db4c/1000018052.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panthers activists take part in a protest march. By Neil Kenlock https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b37e0fbf-af54-404d-a14f-34aaa7e86af2/1000018054.jpg The Black Panthers A demonstration by the British Black Panther movement in London, around 1971. By Neil Kenlock https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fcb9a73-bf9d-4ac8-affd-f699253b8550/1000018056.jpg The Black Panthers Olive Morris by Neil Kenlock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e014b8d6-32f2-46e7-abb4-b68132859ccb/1000018060.jpg The Black Panthers Poster advertising the May Day Rally held on the New Haven Green on May 1, 1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a411bc51-91a2-46b4-8789-410f8a19a67c/1000018064.jpg The Black Panthers The cover of The Black Panther newspaper, from January 4, 1969, Volume 2, Number 19. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2b9363e-7a6c-4b03-bd59-9376f7f55120/1000018066.jpg The Black Panthers "My mama told me that, 'There are some people who are really servants of the people.'" by Emory Douglas, March 27, 1971. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b46a0904-2df5-4149-ad59-589b04828cb3/1000018068.jpg The Black Panthers Political poster titled "All Power to the People" by Faith Ringgold. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1d7a120-9d1f-4699-a651-cb47ade2526c/1000018070.jpg The Black Panthers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6fcc447c-ea34-4bb5-8212-514c0d042e4d/1000018072.jpg The Black Panthers Poster: Support Eldridge Cleaver for President 1968 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc22d4b1-4d7f-49e9-ab46-32b33336d10f/1000018075.jpg The Black Panthers The cover of "Speak Out" no. 4, a publication by the Brixton Black Women's Group (BBWG). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/efc89304-66d8-4c18-bcbc-5e46e9cff2a6/1000018077.jpg The Black Panthers Eight members of the Mangrove Nine, December 1971; they are (front row, L-R) Rothwell Kentish, Rhodan Gordon, Altheia Jones-LeCointe, Barbara Beese; (top row, L-R) Frank Crichlow, Godfrey Millett, Rupert Boyce, Darcus Howe. The ninth member Anthony Innis is not in the picture. (Pic: Getty) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/753ddedc-8359-452e-95cb-08ec4eee258e/1000018081.jpg The Black Panthers Barbara Beese leads the demonstration against police brutality and raids on the Mangrove restaurant, 1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d4f4de5-c6c2-48f7-a3a9-6d5d1d2acd06/1000018058.jpg The Black Panthers Movement members at the Black Panther headquarters on Shakespeare Road. By Neil Kenlock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6492a630-6bc0-41e2-8246-da30ca7594f7/1000018085.jpg The Black Panthers A group of schoolgirls carry radical school bags. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff166d44-1c1b-426a-aad3-73d4dd477cf8/bpanthers-1.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther demonstration, Alameda Co. Court House, Oakland, Calif., during Huey Newton's trial. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7aa61d10-6f45-45d7-866e-337fb2fbe16a/bpanthers-3.jpg The Black Panthers Kathleen Neal Cleaver: Inspired by women of the civil rights movement, Cleaver joined other women as influential members of the Black Panther leadership. (Above) Cleaver addresses the congregation of the Unitarian Church, San Rafael, Calif. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6be137f2-2ee4-480e-a8a0-15a48bccd2dd/bpanthers-6.jpg The Black Panthers Women! Free Our Sisters Poster featuring an image of protesting women and a list of demands. This poster was used to announce a protest scheduled for November 22, 1969 orchestrated by the N.E. Women's Liberation and the Black Panther Party of Connecticut in support of six female Black Panthers who were being held in Niantic Connecticut State Women's Prison. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a547182b-21fe-4f4d-82ed-d0cb388d04b3/Albert_Howard_hield_lezing_over_Black_Panther_beweging_in_USA_in_Mozes_en_Aaro%2C_Bestanddeelnr_923-1651.jpg The Black Panthers Albert Howard, Black Panther https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef7fb680-a35c-40a6-9004-22e033ec8dca/BPP2-1536x1036.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party, Fashion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a94fddf-ea02-44a4-9c7e-b8fc88993749/4200.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panthers line up at a Free Huey rally in DeFremery Park in west Oakland in 1968 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ae7a75e3-706a-471c-8024-dd715dd11174/IMG0169.jpg The Black Panthers A collection of photos by Neil Kenlock of the British Black Panther party from 1968-1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b859dfb-f0c9-477e-95e2-24606ecb2405/Black.Panthers.Women.jpg The Black Panthers Women in the Black Panther Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d42c4f88-f0aa-4c7d-ab99-7eb1fe24590c/BPHQ3.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp The Black Panthers Exterior of premises at 307 Portobello Road, W11. Photograph taken on 25 July, 1968 by police photographer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/28d05cdf-e48a-4bb9-aedf-b856bc3faa0e/BPHQ-2.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp The Black Panthers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fbe929ea-a47d-423e-87b1-f5ad2a9b8f34/2837093dcf52413bae1aa32b12f2dfe6_18.webp The Black Panthers Edward Heath, leader of the Conservative Party, listens as Enoch Powell, right, addresses delegates during the session of the annual Conservative Party Conference in Brighton, England on October 19, 1967 [AP Photo/ Harris] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a119117e-c2b6-4df0-97f9-5acfd096c75b/BRITISH-BLACK-PANTHER-PARTY-1968-1973-1024x1024.png The Black Panthers Black Panther Demonstration. Photo by Neil Kenlock. Date unknown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a78aa84-118e-4790-8fc1-1670dfc7e562/9597214-6686017-image-a-78_1549730777214.jpg The Black Panthers A bullet hole in the glass window of Black Panther Party National Headquarters, Oakland, CA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43cd6406-02ca-49bb-bc8c-f82df8e81c69/GettyImages-3278029.webp The Black Panthers The Mangrove was a Caribbean restaurant on All Saints Road in Ladbroke Grove, London, that was repeatedly raided by police, prompting a protest march by locals [Evening Standard/Hulton Archive/Getty images] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9fe4e13c-d733-4436-bd7d-3c30e978d7de/eb5d2eae-296d-4e5a-b8a9-c893c85d3fb8.jpeg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/42941214-5f3e-45b3-8161-3c404adddb71/Eldridge+and+Kathleen+Cleaver+with+their+newborn.jpeg The Black Panthers Eldridge and Kathleen Cleaver with their newborn https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0481e741-4f68-4793-9a8a-d9f5f81b32b1/Black+Panther+Party+Liberation+School+in+Oakland%2C+California%2C+1968_.jpeg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party Liberation School in Oakland, California, 1968. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aeee3662-5e5d-4bc9-a118-c597534d8d6d/black_panther_00004_eyeshot-500x757.jpg The Black Panthers the Women of the Black Panther Movement https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5a5b2e1c-9d36-40b3-a340-bec7dec74197/black_panther_00011_eyeshot-500x759.jpg The Black Panthers Nancy Thompson at Black Panthers ''Free Breakfast for Children'' program in Oakland, California. Photo by Stephen Shames in 1971. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d021afb5-692f-4366-abb9-d9aa35c8d1e2/black_panther_00001_eyeshot-500x336.jpg The Black Panthers People gather at a Black Panther Party-run sickle cell anemia testing site at Greenman Field in Oakland on March 31, 1972. Photo by Stephen Shames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f33204ad-3e9c-4076-b5ec-8c641c0a0ddd/black_panther_00025_eyeshot-500x337.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther children in a classroom with their teacher, Evon Carter, widow of Alprentice ‘Bunchy’ Carter, at the Intercommunal Youth Institute, the Black Panther school in Oakland, in 1972. Photo by Stephen Shames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a7c0500-78f6-4f61-a5a4-9d1f451ff1a9/black_panther_00016_eyeshot-500x498.jpg The Black Panthers Katherine (Kathleen) Cleaver, wife of Black Panther leader Eldridge Cleaver, is accompanied by attorney Charles Garry (right) as she is questioned by newsmen in corridor of the State Building here November 27th. Cleaver, who was scheduled to surrender himself to authorities for return to prison as a parole violator, did not do so. The California Adult Authority immediately issued an arrest order for Cleaver. Mrs.Cleaver and Garry said they did not know the whereabouts of the fugitive. Photo by Bettmann. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84ef3a8c-bbe2-4af0-9435-b39d60ef0868/black_panther_00007_eyeshot-500x329.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panthers salute during a rally in support of jailed member Huey Newton, in Provo Park, Berkely, California, 1968. Photo by Stephen Shames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8dd2e50-8932-4e2f-b2b3-d4f608a62e56/black_panther_00010_eyeshot-500x335.jpg The Black Panthers The Black Panthers march in New York City in protest of the trial of co-founder Huey P. Newton in Oakland, California, on July 22, 1968. |mage by Bettmann/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e789c8e-9a8d-49cd-a746-07e37f9f8b21/today.jpg The Black Panthers Members of the New Black Panther Party stage a protest near the site of the Republican National Convention on July 16, 2016 in Cleveland, Ohio. The Republican National Convention begins on Monday July 18th and runs through Thursday the 21st. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9636324e-d4d7-444f-947a-f701d70fb132/newton-death.jpg The Black Panthers Mourners comfort each other as they view the body of slain Black Panther Party co-founder Huey P. Newton before the start of funeral services. Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/354ab512-ff9b-40a4-8bab-0e12a91ebd7a/still-leaders.jpg The Black Panthers Stil image from Surveillance: A Carrie Mae Weems Project edited by Yao Xu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/42042a6b-16d9-470e-a816-e16079815104/cleaver.jpg The Black Panthers In 1971, BPP Minister of Information Eldridge Cleaver traveled to Algeria to establish an international Black Panther chapter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e52756bc-4143-4a88-9104-e6141a3dbe9b/press-conference.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Deputy Minister of Information Elbert "Big Man" Howard, center, and Black Panther Chief of Staff David Hilliard, right, hold a press conference to discuss the imprisonment of Erica Huggins and Bobby Seale, New Haven, CT, April 30, 1970. David Fenton/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dcff72ad-d9ac-4586-82bc-847b63ad20b1/demonstrators.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panthers at the Democratic National Convention https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dc706991-07e6-47a7-a854-48e7ec65d3d6/free-huey.jpg The Black Panthers Demontrators march with a 'Free Huey' banner in support of the Black Panther Party, New York, New York, April 4, 1970. Photo byDavid Fenton/Getty Images. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/722e0bf7-2106-428b-83e9-a36f635b85e8/kathleen-cleaver.jpg The Black Panthers Kathleen Cleaver, left, served as the BPP's press secretary and played a prominent role in disseminating the organization's message to the masses — and following Martin Luther King's 1968 assassination, called on members to attack police. Vimeo/The New York Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5a700e06-a903-419f-9632-c69f3714cceb/hands-up.jpg The Black Panthers A line of BPP members demonstrate with fists raised outside the New York City courthouse, April 11, 1969. David Fenton/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4ed8c28-7b42-40fd-b966-195c0f6f3b36/arrest.jpg The Black Panthers the Black Panthers Members arrested. Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/efb65b71-cb5c-41af-b03a-71502beb8db2/black-panthers-group.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panthers, teenagers and children alike, give the Panther Black Power salute outside their Liberation School in the Filmore District of San Francisco. December 20, 1969. UPI B/W Photograph. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/adfb9cdb-8699-4505-8db1-9681c980337d/more-guns.jpg The Black Panthers A Black Panther Party member holds a rifle outside the California State Capitol on May 2, 1967, during a protest against a bill that banned carrying loaded guns in public. Image from Bettmann/ Bettmann Archive https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0f0451c-460f-4b93-9ee0-5addebe4e410/2FLH4SIZ75EONIO3JJKIRYPPQQ.jpg The Black Panthers Members of the Black Panthers line up at an anti-fascist demonstration in Oakland, Calif., in December 1969.AFP via Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e2abf9b-4b6e-45ff-8043-d939675743ac/08catoday4-jumbo.jpg The Black Panthers Free Huey rally at Bobby Hutton Memorial Park (formerly DeFremery Park) in Oakland.Credit...Pirkle Jones/Regents of the University of California, Courtesy of University Library at UC Santa Cruz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/25285809-cfaa-4cb6-87e6-a61967e7c075/08catoday2-jumbo.jpg The Black Panthers A Free Huey demonstration at Alameda County Court House during Huey Newton’s trial.Credit...Pirkle Jones/Regents of the University of California, Courtesy of University Library at UC Santa Cruz Image https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/79ea434d-ba97-400d-bc08-fb30a632145f/9983986.webp The Black Panthers The Untold Story Of The Women Who Led Britain’s Black Panther Movement '' Photo by Neil Kenlock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6b22f89-868e-4b07-8f80-cdce2d8e40fb/women-in-color.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774445167396-IS7OXCIKUY5SWWV5KH3H/Screenshot%2B2026-03-25%2Bat%2B9.22.26%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of a crowd gathered on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention associated with the Black Panther Party. Taken on June 19, 1970 by photographers Thomas J. O’Halloran and Warren K. Leffler. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e95fc3d-0d89-47b1-a62e-62b83b4b37c0/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.26.29%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Eldridge Cleaver speaking on stage at American University before an audience. Taken on October 18, 1968 by photographer Marion S. Trikosko. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774445555986-KAAHTID2UVHBAD6XNYR0/Screenshot%2B2026-03-25%2Bat%2B9.31.33%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png The Black Panthers Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library. (1970 - 1970). Panther 21: Trial News, No. 20, [Back cover] Retrieved from https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/94a69340-c859-013c-443d-0242ac110004. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/106ab259-a6f9-4360-8f03-66a5a56c39d5/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.38.55%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Kathleen Cleaver, Free Huey Rally, Bobbly Hutton Memorial Park, Oakland, CA,” September 22, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/39416169-1e34-41ed-ae54-b1db176c4a77/picBlackPanthers1968JonesBaruchVanguard-Revisited-13.jpg The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Bobby Seale speaking on Free Huey Rally Bus, Free Huey Rally, De Fremery Park, Oakland, CA,” July 14, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f139a980-9dd4-4977-a908-f532b8de00ac/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.42.26%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Black Panther, Marin City,” August 31, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a39549e5-a93b-4175-a90f-27f006ee85fa/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.45.17%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Black Panther Party national Headquarters window, shattered by the bullets of two Oakland, California policemen,” Sept. 10, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76be6788-8a82-4fcc-86df-81f99f036381/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+10.19.59%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Seattle Black Panther Party members standing armed on the steps of the Washington State Capitol in Olympia during a protest against proposed firearm legislation. Taken on February 28, 1969. Washington State Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774445454219-IKWUK7UEOB2N1AAVU110/Screenshot%2B2026-03-25%2Bat%2B9.28.43%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png The Black Panthers Poster titled Here and now for Bobby Seale featuring a portrait of Bobby Seale, produced by the Black Panther Party. Created between 1965 and 1975. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/341c452c-e11f-4a38-91d6-3acf6000542b/On-the-ideology-of-the-Black-Panther-Party-Part-I-Eldridge-Cleaver-630x1024.jpg The Black Panthers On the ideology of the Black Panther Party Part I Eldridge Cleaver, circa 1960s, African American Museum & Library at Oakland Vertical File Collection, MS 179, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774450410581-HBLPIDDOHA5BMQD39EVM/Jonathan-Eubanks-Photograph-Collection-MS-150-670x825-1.jpg The Black Panthers "Panther Flag", photograph by Jonathan Eubanks, 1969, Jonathan Eubanks photograph collection, MS 150, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2ba55372-cca8-406e-b001-6bef15364aae/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.57.17%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Bill Whitfield serving free breakfast to children in April 1969. Photographed by William P. Straeter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774450115694-AT2XYX9HE9ZA4PIU8WOX/Portrait-of-Elaine-Brown-670x836-2.jpg The Black Panthers Portrait of Elaine Brown, circa 1960s, Oakland Post Photograph collection, MS 169, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4fe182b6-7890-4f79-9fda-47759e043991/2000_663ac9d082999.png.webp The Black Panthers Front page of The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service announcing the opening of the Winston-Salem Free Ambulance Service. Published by the Black Panther Party, c. early 1970s. Oakland Public Library Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/721be7f5-cc08-498f-a14d-645711519db9/Black_Panther_Legacy_63880.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Legacy (1969 AP) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4ac25ba1-1ca2-42c1-8514-54e75b90a5a4/Kzoo_Free_Food_Laney_001.jpg The Black Panthers Bags of groceries are arranged to be given away to the community. Stephen Shames and Ducho Dennis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7f70abf-4f6d-40f9-8908-79b17bf4a34c/90.jpeg The Black Panthers Members of the Black Panther Party march in the Loop in October 1969. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/694b82ad-60a5-45b7-a730-f90a497cec48/1200.jpg The Black Panthers Two women with bags of food at the People’s Free Food Program, one of the Panther’s survival initiatives, Palo Alto, California, 1972 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/df9574e2-3738-42ff-a951-b6e78078fb8c/Vol.1%2CNo.2%2CMay+25%2C1967.jpg The Black Panthers The Black Panther Newspaper Vol.1 ,No.2 ,May 25, 1967 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e2f9b10-833d-4dde-bc75-a7df1daaae11/BP_3_SF_001__2_.0.jpg The Black Panthers Meals are served to children at a Black Panther Party free breakfast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f4ffd12e-ab63-4b59-8768-d3605dce21bf/1000017956.jpg The Black Panthers Black and white poster of Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. Black Panther Party, American, 1966. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62f03cf1-ab57-49a5-835d-ff62961cab29/1000017958.jpg The Black Panthers Huey Newton, Black Panther Minister of Defense, 1968, Blair Stapp, Black Panther Party, American. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f973874-245b-43ec-8d65-7362d6a8fcb1/1000017975.jpg The Black Panthers Evidence of Intimidation & Fascist Crimes by USA: The War on the Black Panther Party 1968 - 1969. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/619477bd-86fc-4ee0-963f-2282bf06737f/1000017963.webp The Black Panthers Stokely Carmichael speaks in support of Black Power at the Chalk Farm Roundhouse in London on June 25, 1967 [Serena Wadham/Keystone/Getty Images] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/413575c5-aef7-45f1-83b8-8981ad408dca/1000017966.webp The Black Panthers The owners of the Mangrove restaurant after their court appearance at Kensington Petty Sessions on August 15, 1970. (From left to right) Roy Hemmings, Jean Cabussel and Frank Crichlow. The restaurant was at the centre of a Black Power demonstration after being subjected to numerous police raids [Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd7da331-3a24-4a81-8d18-1170eb03e89d/1000017981.jpg The Black Panthers Angela Nubian / Facing the Giant: 3 Decades of Dissent: Power And Equality. Courtesy of the Richard F. Brush Art Gallery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c1ff8e19-6070-482e-beba-0485a0f3b21a/1000018059.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panthers Party, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d28bf1d4-e8e5-41a5-a5d8-622a2d999f9d/1000018049.jpg The Black Panthers Armed members of the Black Panther Party stand inside the California Capitol in 1967. (Walt Zeboski / Associated Press ) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fda77616-ec1f-4d69-9178-7e1219e39925/1000018050.png The Black Panthers British Black Panthers, c1970. By Neil Kenlock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ba35f7d9-d7ac-4aa6-ae98-b8802dbdd58a/1000018053.jpg The Black Panthers Angela Davis in By Neil Kenlock https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9bc8d8cf-564c-46a5-b5c7-6fad8be5cd77/1000018051.jpg The Black Panthers Olive Morris in about 1978 at a rally outside the Brixton Tate Library, where she and other protesters accused the Special Patrol Group, an arm of the police department intended to combat public disorder, of targeting the black community. London Borough of Lambeth, Archives Department https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f3c04c1b-0647-42ef-8c22-1acb6750eecd/1000018055.jpg The Black Panthers Image taken by official in-house photographer for the Black British Panther Party. By Neil Kenlock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fc93118e-c3f1-4044-a03c-8e6db899a5c5/1000018057.jpg The Black Panthers Neil Kenlock, self-portrait, 1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6bb78141-f016-4702-8212-71fe7d67bfae/1000018061.jpg The Black Panthers May 11, 1969 The Black Panther Newspaper. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cfca5803-f641-4394-b397-4ba65dab239e/1000018062.jpg The Black Panthers Poster by Emory Douglas - November 8, 1969. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68924029-67b9-415b-a689-6023c34ca917/1000018065.jpg The Black Panthers Photograph of Bobby Seale by Jeffrey Henson Scales used in a collage on the cover of the Black Panther Paper, designed by Emory Douglas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e28b6c8-9fd4-4f9c-87a3-f20f0bfa2314/1000018067.jpg The Black Panthers Fireworks Graphics, SUPPORT THE BLACK LIBERATION ARMY & ALL NEW AFRIKAN FREEDOM FIGHTERS. [Oakland:] National Committee to Defend New Afrikan Freedom Fighters, ca. 1981. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1eb8e4b5-8b09-4d78-9cab-9a87cd98904e/1000018069.jpg The Black Panthers "Free the Motherland", New Afrikan Black Panther Party, 2012 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee2d937b-2496-4136-a755-0cf664274e8f/1000018071.jpg The Black Panthers Berkeley Tribe: Volume 2, Number 6, Issue 32, 1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/82527cfc-9172-4ecc-a09b-f520e3ba15be/1000018073.jpg The Black Panthers Page from The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service Vol. 5 No. 30, 1971. By Emory Douglas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97f33716-7657-4e56-9bf3-9a30da28d8a9/1000018082.jpg The Black Panthers Political statement titled "Demonstration / Political Statement" issued by "The Black People of London". https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c6ff1607-b5eb-4c5b-9d3b-6521a9090634/1000018078.webp The Black Panthers Neil Kenlock, Black Panther Demonstration, London, 1970s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/502c0d16-9040-4420-b2a1-0d059135e097/1000018083.jpg The Black Panthers The British Black Power leader Michael X, in 1972 Credit: Popperfoto https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f40f3a37-7748-48d4-bd00-d9b76eb473e6/E06JohnHulett.webp The Black Panthers John Hulett walking past people standing in line to vote in Lowndes County, Alabama in 1966. He is holding a balloon that reads, “Vote Nov. 8 Lowndes County Freedom Organization.” © Alabama Department of Archives and History, Jim Peppler Southern Courier Photograph Collection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/814261a1-3a04-4c44-8246-37ff7a356327/E07.webp The Black Panthers Black Panther, Flier https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0c62e97e-95b9-4f14-9c10-cb1b0ea2bc7b/BlackPanthers.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party, Fashion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0dda9dee-02cb-4d7a-a4eb-65c0e5e9048a/image-1280x1536.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party, Fashion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fc7a5552-6510-441c-823e-13ccb3f64a9d/Kathleen-Cleaver-and-Bobb-001.jpg The Black Panthers Kathleen Cleaver and Black Panther co-founder Bobby Seale (right) at a Free Huey rally in Oakland, California, in the summer of 1968. Photograph: Howard Bingham https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3d3837e2-cfb4-4c18-beac-d84cc23d7de3/24284955104_1122f88183_o.webp The Black Panthers The Black Panther Movement at the Mangrove Nine march in 1970 [Photo courtesy of National Archives UK] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f71ac124-5562-41cd-a2b2-5d28e9e5d9e9/BPHQ-1.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp The Black Panthers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d3ff759-2b81-4490-83d4-9a712e226d41/9597220-6686017-image-a-76_1549730777192.jpg The Black Panthers A Free Huey rally, DeFremery Park, Oakland. Newton's conviction was overturned and in 1970 he was released from prison https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b315f75c-aea8-4170-9bea-ebe5b17cf425/08catoday1-jumbo.jpg The Black Panthers A Free Huey rally at Bobby Hutton Memorial Park (formerly DeFremery Park) in Oakland.Credit...Pirkle Jones/Regents of the University of California, Courtesy of University Library at UC Santa Cruz https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f39b0110-34cf-4db8-a8e8-b50be5dafda7/Black+Panther+Women_+The+Unsung+Activists+Who+Fed+and+Fought+for+Their+Community.jpeg The Black Panthers Black Panther Women: The Unsung Activists Who Fed and Fought for Their Community https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/180bc83d-1c3b-41a8-9545-cb2f61e1d2a1/The+Black+Panther+%28May+2%2C+1970%29.jpeg The Black Panthers Bobby Seale The Black Panther (May 2, 1970) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d568f02a-a402-4ef2-9529-3db54505f3ee/Former+Black+Panther+Party+Newspaper+Staffers+Discuss+Social+and+Racial+Justice+_+East+Bay+Express+_+Oakland%2C+Berkeley+%26+Alameda.jpeg The Black Panthers Former Black Panther Party Newspaper Staffers Discuss Social and Racial Justice | East Bay Express | Oakland, Berkeley & Alameda https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e8d3c957-c101-4b67-bffc-9374acc1ecf3/129d64a5-3b18-44ff-9afa-1efcd2017f99.jpeg The Black Panthers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc1488b9-ca03-444d-a3b3-30ea649dff81/b21f7d8e-9d42-421d-a808-ff4faa94822d.jpeg The Black Panthers the Women of the Black Panther Movement https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a3bf2a0d-98de-4187-b44d-cfb5eb5beba0/Huey+Newton+and+his+family_.jpeg The Black Panthers Huey Newton and his family https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3158613c-bd3a-4638-b7d5-aa58f5f1ef80/The+Black+Panther+Party.jpeg The Black Panthers Bronx In The 60s The Black Panther Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9858f3e7-ae84-4445-ab91-592c46c6693f/black_panther_00017_eyeshot-500x749.jpg The Black Panthers the Women of the Black Panther Movement https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ef60827-fcd0-46a2-b2ad-6e690f49566b/black_panther_00018_eyeshot-500x300.jpg The Black Panthers the Women of the Black Panther Movement https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d89fb3f1-ea2e-4ad9-a875-fd16e63bd98f/black_panther_00019_eyeshot-500x332.jpg The Black Panthers Sons and daughters of members of the Black Panther Party march in front of the Black Panther office on Shattuck Avenue, 1971. Photo by Stephen Shames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7dfa3258-aa36-4991-9036-1037e41eb4d5/black_panther_00021_eyeshot-500x332.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Adrienne Humphrey conducting sickle cell anemia testing during Bobby Seale’s campaign for mayor of Oakland in 1973. Photo by Stephen Shames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/86d9cf11-c9f3-44b7-baec-2c714c019129/black_panther_00023_eyeshot-500x331.jpg The Black Panthers Gloria Abernethy sells the Black Panther newspaper at the Mayfair supermarket boycott in Oakland in 1971. © 2022 Stephen Shames https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/70340cb1-3434-4225-a53a-0e0b0aa69f62/black_panther_00002_eyeshot-500x334.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party Chairperson Elaine Brown, top center, at a 1975 press conference in Oakland, California. Photo by Bettmann/Getty Images. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43e88e5a-e1e4-4f64-ada1-c5a99f2e8690/black_panther_00005_eyeshot-500x335.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Fania Jordan is arrested at the trial of her sister Angela Davis, in 1972. Photo by Stephen Shames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/18c57e05-5d1b-42f3-92b4-fbd91e59dcd9/black_panther_00009_eyeshot-900x598.jpg The Black Panthers A line of Black Panther Party members as they demonstrate, under a pair of engraved quotes, outside the New York County Criminal Court (at 100 Court Street), New York, New York, April 11, 1969. The demonstration was about the 'Panther 21' trial, over jailed Black Panther members accused of shooting at police stations and a bombing; all of whom were eventually acquitted. The two quotes read 'Only the just man enjoys peace of mind' by Epicurus and 'Every place is safe to him who lives with justice' by Epictetus. Photo by David Fenton/Getty Images. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/79b2d79e-4327-4167-aa11-08b6b4deb0da/police-brutality.jpg The Black Panthers In this image, members of the New Black Panther Party march through the streets of Washington to demonstrate against the inauguration of George W. Bush. SHAWN THEW/AFP/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87df8300-faef-45c1-9da4-1d46618905c7/elaine-brown.jpg The Black Panthers By 1974, Newton appointed Elaine Brown (left) to serve as the first BPP Chairwoman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfc91512-20c0-41e2-af95-8640ba9f7ca7/white-women-panthers.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c0d83c0a-5961-4edf-b9a3-bd39d5c47799/choreography.jpg The Black Panthers 1970 marked the BPP's apex, and the organization boasted 68 offices throughout the United States and tens of thousands of members. Vimeo/The New York Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dfcc8817-8065-4ae7-88d2-c3e8ce578425/seale.jpg The Black Panthers Bobby Seale speaking in Washington, D.C. in August 1980. Shia/Archive Photos/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0cc55354-8b90-40a5-8526-b58ac7ec2e05/huey-interview.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party co-founder Huey P. Newton reclines on the grass as he answers questions from a Liberation News Service reporter on the campus of Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut in April 1970. David Fenton/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fd7423b-9943-4204-b3a2-85ec427b6693/huey.jpg The Black Panthers In the photo, Huey Newton puffs on a cigarette in a holding cell while a jury deliberated his fate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea4be1ac-6688-4498-80ac-b19b540abeaf/black-panther-women.jpg The Black Panthers Women in the BPP https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be57e989-4652-45f9-8e86-0eeb1c1804f4/child-black-beautiful.jpg The Black Panthers Howard Bingham. Young Panthers supporter. Date unknown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c491e543-2b1d-4bf1-88ae-50afea771e12/food.jpg The Black Panthers Left, BPP members distribute free hot dogs to the public in New Haven, Connecticut. David Fenton/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea881436-72b6-4d0e-aa6f-21c50144811f/guns.jpg The Black Panthers Pictured is a scene from the May 2 proceedings: Police Lt. Ernest Holloway informs BPP members that they will be allowed to keep their weapons as long as do not disturb the peace. Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2bd13ac-864d-43b5-bb1f-6f6d35b50b75/headquarters.jpg The Black Panthers In 1966, Bobby Seale and Huey Newton founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPP) in Oakland, California to challenge and confront police brutality against African-Americans. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85df505f-f9a4-41f3-b789-e33fa77765a3/08catoday5-jumbo.jpg The Black Panthers At the Black Panthers’ free breakfast for children program, St. Augustine’s Episcopal Church (merged with Trinity Church in 1975). Commissioned by the Swedish magazine Vi.Credit...Ruth-Marion Baruch/Regents of the University of California, Courtesy of University Library at UC Santa Cruz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5f63591b-013a-46ef-8054-d9399776a4b4/08catoday3-jumbo.jpg The Black Panthers Selling The Black Panther newspaper at a U.C. Berkeley rally.Credit...Pirkle Jones/Regents of the University of California, Courtesy of University Library at UC Santa Cruz https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56126477-f01e-4a7f-9cd5-17ed90a9d879/Fred+Hampton+and+the+Black+Panthers.jfif The Black Panthers Fred Hampton and the Black Panthers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac85fefe-ccc3-4607-add5-0e1399669dfb/black_panther_00020_eyeshot.jpg The Black Panthers Women of the Black Panther Party in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1970. © 2022 Stephen Shames https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0053bf5d-c079-4926-a326-8a11ef46ba2f/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.24.29%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Poster featuring the Statue of Liberty alongside text calling for the liberation of the Panther 21 and broader demands for free food, housing, medicine, and education. Created between 1965 and 1980. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be4202d1-03e3-4a5a-873f-adba0bf51ac1/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.33.22%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers “Black Panthers on steps of Legislative Building, Olympia,” State Governors’ Negative Collection 1949-1975, Photographs, Washington State Archives, Digital Archives, http://www.digitalarchives.wa.gov. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db621120-eef7-431d-aba1-e3cb4c7f0813/default-2.jpg The Black Panthers Photograph of two attendees looking onward at a Black Panther Party convention held at Temple University’s McGonigal Hall in Philadelphia. Taken on September 6, 1970 by photographer Salvatore C. DiMarco. No known restrictions on publication. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f12fc44e-9f2b-4d31-aa8b-ef20f9bbd55e/default-3.jpg The Black Panthers Photograph of Craig C. Williams adjusting a news cover featuring Malcolm X on a wall of Black Panther newspapers at 1928 Columbia Avenue in Philadelphia. Taken on October 23, 1969 by photographer Jay Beachem. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6afcacff-8800-4a41-9374-2b09fca70ffa/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.41.34%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Ruth-Marion Baruch, “Free Huey rally at Bobby Hutton Memorial Park (formerly DeFremery Park),” Sept. 22, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f190de81-c811-462f-b4cb-07f8c67a76a3/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.43.14%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Marin City Black Panthers, Manzanita Center,” August 31, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be70e30a-7a14-41b6-b21d-ed0e11dfcf14/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.46.01%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Black Panther Party national Headquarters window, shattered by the bullets of two Oakland, California policemen,” Sept. 10, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80f30859-9d28-49f1-8e57-0bde68c685b3/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.47.56%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Free Huey rally, Bobby Hutton Memorial Park (formerly DeFremery Park),” Sep. 22, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fa43b8bb-af37-4c9a-b088-c09e60ec82cc/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.47.10%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Black Panthers from Sacramento, Free Huey Rally, Bobby Hutton Memorial Park, Oakland, CA,” August 25, 1968. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5977c8d1-f78a-48fa-95ad-60ac7374f120/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.50.56%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Kathleen Cleaver greeting community members, c. 1960s. Emory University Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774449316559-2FP9JISEHSN0V4N07LFH/Screenshot%2B2026-03-25%2Bat%2B10.20.10%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Black Panther Party members holding a “Free Huey” flag and raising their fists during a protest demonstration. Photographer unknown, c. late 1960s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/88fb6c11-41ea-4f8a-9adb-e3fc4ee208dd/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+10.28.38%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Seattle Black Panther Party members standing armed on the steps of the Washington State Capitol in Olympia during a protest. Photographer unknown, February 28, 1969. Washington State Archives Collection, Seattle Civil Rights & History Project. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2a818fa-a553-48b3-af1c-55cc84b53871/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+10.26.36%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of a Black Panther Party member being detained by police during a protest, surrounded by officers and onlookers. Photographer unknown, c. late 1960s. Aaron Dixon Collection, Seattle Civil Rights & History Project. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774449748255-7LVW9AG5A5333UW8J277/Black-Panther-members-waving-Free-Huey-banners-on-courthouse-steps-670x912.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther members waving Free Huey banners [design by Dolores Davis] on courthouse steps, circa 1960s, Oakland Post Photograph collection, MS 169, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/033891e1-c042-4e68-af12-5df7bf8a2c03/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.29.39%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Poster titled In revolution, one wins or one dies, produced by the Black Panther Party, with artwork by Emory. Created between 1965 and 1980. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f0da135-dd87-4047-8205-b256dad01025/Black-Panther-Party-Ministry-of-Information-bulletin-flyer-1969-12-08-613x1024.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party Ministry of Information bulletin flyer, December 8, 1969, African American Museum & Library at Oakland Vertical File Collection, MS 179, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c6598c6b-6607-4fb9-a7ba-ec1b3095f8de/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+10.38.57%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of a Black Panther Party rally with members addressing a crowd using a megaphone, with an FBP flag visible. Photographer unknown, c. late 1960s to early 1970s. Oakland Public Library Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a752e780-b86d-4552-b8e1-562547c2d2bf/flyer-Community-Committee-to-Elect-Bobby-Seale-and-Elaine-Brown-1973-670x889.jpg The Black Panthers Community Committee to Elect Bobby Seale and Elaine Brown flyer, 1973, African American Museum & Library at Oakland Vertical File Collection, MS 179, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5807cd96-0be1-4725-a8a0-d8b572da4a11/Huey-Newton-for-U.S.-Congress-Bobby-Seale-for-state-assembly-brochure-670x667.jpg The Black Panthers Huey Newton for U.S. Congress Bobby Seale for state assembly brochure, circa 1968, African American Museum & Library at Oakland Vertical File Collection, MS 179, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd336702-afc5-4c58-bc4c-a1d9b380612d/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.58.24%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of children seated at a table during the Black Panther Party’s Free Breakfast for Children Program. Photographer unknown, c. late 1960s to early 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/44af78d1-ac9e-4cb0-b307-e024fb2779db/Black-Panthers-serving-breakfast.jpg The Black Panthers Photograph of a Black Panther Party member serving breakfast to children as part of the Free Breakfast for Children Program. Photographer unknown, c. late 1960s to early 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc99c938-4ae4-4362-90d6-6322235d9cc0/Black-Panther-Party-National-Anthem-December-12-1969-670x977.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party National Anthem, December 12, 1969, African American Museum & Library at Oakland Vertical File Collection, MS 179, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774450959425-GF8P9AVYUVCOBTLSJYEG/2000_663aca5f8d151.png.png The Black Panthers Newspaper page from The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service detailing the Illinois chapter’s People’s Bus program for prison visitation. Published June 17, 1972 by the Black Panther Party. Oakland Public Library Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f4e1bb1b-aa7e-45b9-b87c-b681cd862761/1000018063.jpg The Black Panthers Warning to America by Emory Douglas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ead927eb-a3ae-4456-a1a9-5d132942f69e/kpfafoliosep1970p12_hueynewton.jpg The Black Panthers Huey P. Newton during KPFA interview. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c93e5be9-478e-4808-9f66-70df1bd29295/bpanthers-5.jpg The Black Panthers Flier for the 1972 Black Community Survival Conference with promotion provided by the Black Panther Party's Angela Davis People's Free Food Program. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e5a1c05-ab7a-40e7-a235-a4cefb8a2488/IMG0097.jpg The Black Panthers A collection of photos by Neil Kenlock of the British Black Panther party from 1968-1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/968750a5-cabf-4c5b-b04f-a412e94cc036/IMG0092.jpg The Black Panthers A collection of photos by Neil Kenlock of the British Black Panther party from 1968-1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/11ae604f-1948-4710-a097-ebc6d074a441/https___i.pinimg.com_736x_2e_83_f5_2e83f5b4b7b4723441bf6df16ea083a9.jpg The Black Panthers Suggested reading for new Black Panther Party members in 1968. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2949c652-7ce6-46c4-8630-6771c81eae4f/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.40.32%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Pirkle Jones, “Crowds viewing ‘The Black Panthers: A Photographic Essay’ exhibition at the de Young Museum,” Jan. 12, 1969. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2283349-a71c-4676-8910-ad3f41b81e02/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.49.41%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Ruth-Marion Baruch, “Black Panther Party National Headquarters, Oakland, CA,” May 20, 1969. (Photograph from University of California, Santa Cruz). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6467b9ec-ec39-4933-a7da-85e809248180/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.51.13%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Eldridge Cleaver speaking at a Peace and Freedom Party rally in Los Angeles, 1968. Emory University Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c168b302-229e-40d3-9e01-8685dc46f6d8/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.54.37%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Kathleen Cleaver, portrait, 1961. Emory University Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/811cdf2c-de11-422a-81ce-b3b2cd6092e0/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+10.22.36%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Black Panther Party members distributing “Free Huey” materials and newspapers featuring Huey P. Newton. Photographer unknown, c. late 1960s. Aaron Dixon Collection, Seattle Civil Rights & History Project. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3bed9e8a-e0d0-4851-aaae-eee6febca790/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+10.35.44%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of a school bus carrying Black Panther Party supporters holding signs reading “Support the Black Panthers” and “Black control of the Black community.” Photographer Fred Lonidier, c. late 1960s to early 1970s. Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f9f823e-19c0-40dc-b536-1a22a6a60eee/May-Day-mass-rally-flyer-670x888.jpg The Black Panthers May Day mass rally flyer, May 1, 1969, African American Museum & Library at Oakland Vertical File Collection, MS 179, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca4c4292-2034-47e3-9f5c-9bb867e10b0f/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.57.07%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of children seated at tables raising their fists during the Black Panther Party’s Free Breakfast for Children Program. Photographer unknown, c. late 1960s to early 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f1bfdc2-d405-441c-a6eb-2469753ac577/BPP201-e1395950481603-682x1024.jpg The Black Panthers The Black Panther Newspaper Vol V. No27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef24b566-55bd-4bd4-8c42-8f96123623d6/bpanthers-7.jpg The Black Panthers Panther Free Food Program Children Prepare Bags of Food for Distribution at the Oakland Collesium at the Black Panther Community Survival Conference, Oakland, California, March 1972 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8b223f4-0109-43e0-b38d-1afc1211e541/black_panther_00003_eyeshot-500x337.jpg The Black Panthers Angela Davis speaking at a press conference in 1976 at the Communist Party U.S.A.’s National Party Headquarters, in New York City. Seated is Henry Winston, then National Chairman of the CPUSA. Photo by Bettmann/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e1f95694-2666-4093-a855-daaef8c797aa/https___i.pinimg.com_1200x_0d_83_72_0d8372b06959ed8179bac1adc810b1cf.jpg The Black Panthers The Ten-Point Plan featured in The Black Panther, Vol. 3, No, 7, June 7, 1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/848f272b-737b-4070-bb39-478f2ab49d41/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+9.55.31%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of Kathleen Cleaver speaking at a Peace and Freedom Party rally at the University of Honolulu, 1968. Emory University Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ba23edd-c507-4ab8-8f0d-511d827fc31b/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+10.24.36%E2%80%AFAM.png The Black Panthers Photograph of a Black Panther Party member holding a poster of Huey P. Newton during a protest demonstration. Photographer unknown, c. late 1960s. Aaron Dixon Collection, Seattle Civil Rights & History Project. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85c237d1-6f90-4eb4-8e7e-c6d8e7f97313/Howard-Bingham-and-Gilber-001.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panthers photographs of Howard-Bingham https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f4b68aa-aeca-46fc-b97d-d1fb94190154/IMG0068.jpg The Black Panthers A collection of photos by Neil Kenlock of the British Black Panther party from 1968-1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bb502a02-cd44-430b-8ad9-c1713b2c70a1/Image256+2.jpg The Black Panthers A collection of photos by Neil Kenlock of the British Black Panther party from 1968-1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/88b43547-ded3-4df6-a390-ee5ce263219b/IMG0194.jpg The Black Panthers A collection of photos by Neil Kenlock of the British Black Panther party from 1968-1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6c63bbf8-6682-427d-8a28-70b850fd7a3f/0168805_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHERS, 1967. Armed Black Panthers on the steps of the California state capitol, protesting a bill banning the carrying of loaded firearms, 2 May 1967. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/352daf43-416f-4196-bb9f-c7abc4498fb8/0125577_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ELDRIDGE CLEAVER (1935-1998). American political leader, radical intellectual, and author. Photographed by Marion S. Trikosko, 1968. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fde4e173-f936-42e6-a8a6-2ceeee67a439/0103119_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BERLIN: VIETNAM PROTEST. American Black Panther member, Dale A. Smith, giving a speech at a rally against the American involvement in the Vietnam War, held at the Technical University in West Berlin, 17 February 1968. Full credit: Mehner - ullstein bild / Granger, NYC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d98e3139-6211-4f7a-ae05-dd6cb4f71473/0130918_T.jpeg The Black Panthers OLYMPIC GAMES, 1968. American runners Tommie Smith (center) and John Carlos (right) showing the Black Power salute during the medal ceremonies at the Olympic Games in Mexico City. Australian Peter Norman (left) wears an OPHR badge in solidarity. Photograph, 1968 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b42d4801-255b-4bfe-ba45-f052d4fda7dd/0528084_T.jpeg The Black Panthers POSTER: MALCOLM X, 1976. Poster created by Rachael Romero and the Wilfred Owen Brigade in San Francisco, California, 1976. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0887ffdd-4248-41b8-8aa7-2673ebc26ad1/0081948_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS (1944- ). American political activist. Photographed in 1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c31179c5-783c-4c94-8ed8-1a5ac3c2e66f/1032208_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BOBBY SEALE, c1965. All power to the people. Political button in support of Robert George Seale (1936- ), cofounder of the Black Panther Party. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/79e79536-215c-49d3-bf81-a3db0461eb69/0623575_T.jpeg The Black Panthers STOKELY CARMICHAEL (1941-1998). American (Trinidadian born) civil rights activist. Carmichael (right) being interviewed by Stanley S. Scott at the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) headquarters in New York. Photograph, 1966 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f6f8a99f-36ad-4334-849b-888f0e8e70d6/0083294_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS (1944- ). American political activist. Davis speaking at a rally against the death penalty outside the state capitol building in Raleigh, North Carolina, 4 July 1974. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/adc0db66-4e34-47ea-b3c7-37937435001b/0047768_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER POSTER, 1970. Eldridge Cleaver, Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and words of Malcolm X on a 1970 Black Panther Party poster. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/47cf6367-0338-4c1d-ae84-85807981c752/0653543_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER POSTER, c1970. Poster for the Black Panther Party, c1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e9c89e82-6080-47f8-b98a-62ab07eadf8e/1032206_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHERS, 1970. Free The Panther 21. Button supporting twenty-one Black Panther members who were arrested and falsely accused of planned coordinated bombing and long-range rifle attacks on two police stations in NYC in 1969 were all acquitted by a jury in May 1971 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdf64aa3-6954-4259-9cf5-5fdd949dcf53/0653671_T.jpeg The Black Panthers AMSTERDAM: PROTEST, 1970. Demonstration for the Black Panther activist Bobby Seale in Amsterdam, Holland. Photograph, 24 April 1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a994b03-b085-49e4-9d4a-a62e00442cb3/1032205_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHERS, 1968. Button supporting Black Panther Party cofounders and political activists Huey P. Newton for Congress and Bobby Seale for State Assembly https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a5c795ae-a883-42c7-a379-72b7a02714df/0645324_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS (1944- ). American political activist. Photograph by Bernard Gotfryd, 1974. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5f6cc209-7b1f-4490-a772-22622bba37da/1032202_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS (1944- ). Free Angela and all political prisoners. Button created to free political activist Angela Davis from prison, c1971. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d6096a9-53e9-4266-b3cc-963a1ba040c1/0653739_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER POSTER. 'Wherever death may surprise us, it will be welcome, provided that this, our battle cry, reaches some receptive ear.' Poster by Emory for the Black Panther Party, 1960s or 1970s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6923f6cd-70d3-4b53-b0b8-4d6524d04230/0046707_T.jpeg The Black Panthers OLYMPIC GAMES, 1968. American runners Tommie Smith (left) and John Carlos (right) giving the Black Power salute during the medal ceremonies at the Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City. Photograph, 1968 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec122d60-3268-4ff5-8899-e01b81ef2be3/0641641_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ELDRIDGE CLEAVER (1935-1998). American writer and political activist. On an FBI 'Wanted' poster, issued 13 December 1968. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ac419a6-cde9-4d87-a062-04dd4c3260d0/2800.jpg The Black Panthers Angela Davis trial, Oakland, California, 12 November 1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d3c4ac61-7cf7-48e3-87af-936301f59d16/4200.jpg The Black Panthers Free Huey, Defermery Park, Oakland, California, 12 November 1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/060ea08b-d1fb-4671-b7d6-5e0c13fc6c91/2868.jpg The Black Panthers Free Huey Supporters, Oakland, California, September, 1968 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cfa0633f-4fe6-477c-b0cd-774051a597e5/2752.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther child, Oakland, California, 1971 A child at the Intercommunal Youth Institute, and the Oakland Community School https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/007efd47-c839-4450-a206-073d90b62c73/index-2.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea735c00-5450-435c-ac26-c728d8f0ad2b/727px-Black_Panther_movement_newspaper_%2824284955174%29.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther movement newspaper https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c864ad5d-8101-4cf8-bd89-cfa7f8186826/vf_black_panthers_5256.webp The Black Panthers Members of the Black Panthers during a demonstration outside the New York Criminal Court building, May 1, 1969. Jack Manning/New York Times Co./Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80a7d62f-0ddf-4e92-8db6-14948aa6c79f/New-Doc-2020-10-31-16.15.43_1.webp The Black Panthers Sam Sagay speaking to an audience in London in the 1960s [Photo courtesy of Sam Sagay] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/750b5372-333c-48a1-a295-6874e5f6bbac/collage-1.webp The Black Panthers Sam Sagay as a young man in London and in his later years in Nigeria [Photos courtesy of Sam Sagay] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f4f8664-e671-4f06-a4c8-f9a467f41517/9597232-6686017-image-a-71_1549730777116.jpg The Black Panthers American professor of law Kathleen Cleaver wearing dashiki during a Black Panther rally in 1968. A new exhibition will document the unseen side of the Black Panther Party in a series of never before seen images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/afce1586-de52-4aaa-8edc-8b24c0f570d6/9597210-6686017-image-a-81_1549732041259.jpg The Black Panthers The children of Captain David Hilliard, Chief of Staff of the Black Panther Party, pictured at a Free Huey rally at Bobby Hutton Memorial Park taken by Ruth-Marion Baruch who gained unprecedented access to the group https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cce23af7-b62c-402a-98e0-dd1efab8111c/9597228-6686017-image-a-73_1549730777122.jpg The Black Panthers Jones took this image of men talking on park bench. Vanguard Revisited will take pictures from 1968 taken by Pirkle Jones and Ruth-Marion Baruch and display them alongside new images of the Black Panther Party from 1969 onwards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9f664f5-257e-41aa-b646-07847c3a858b/9597226-6686017-image-a-83_1549732870534.jpg The Black Panthers Photo by Pirkle Jones. Date unknown. © Regents of the University of California. Courtesy of Special Collections, University Library, Univesity of California Santa Cruz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3661814f-8dd5-4faf-a365-17ed8da1d7c3/9597240-6686017-image-a-68_1549730777036.jpg The Black Panthers The streets of Oakland. Elbert ‘Bigman’ Howard, one of the Panther founders, said the couple ‘had a great eye for humanity' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/93fd660c-54e6-4b51-af70-c9c8e44cec7a/9597238-6686017-image-a-67_1549730777028.jpg The Black Panthers George Murray, Minister of Education, teaching English at San Francisco State College, San Francisco, CA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/062f5427-e4db-4851-94c5-dc243e46b45b/black_panther_00022_eyeshot-500x755.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Central Committee Member Ericka Huggins laughs after a Black Community Survival Conference rally March 31, 1972 in Oakland, California. Ericka is the widow of slain Panther John Huggins. She later headed the New Haven branch of the party. Photo by Stephen Shames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/185a7b9a-d025-4874-98b9-90fbb36ed91e/Black-Panther-Black-Community-News-Service-Collection-MS-178-670x1005-1.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther Black Community News Service vol. I no. 6, 1967, Black Panther Black Community News Service collection, MS 178, African American Museum & Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87645855-fc8e-4c9a-85c4-b798c70a6cc7/IMG0041.jpg The Black Panthers A collection of photos by Neil Kenlock of the British Black Panther party from 1968-1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f48f80e9-01b0-45ea-8abb-26f4c3faf705/IMG0185.jpg The Black Panthers A collection of photos by Neil Kenlock of the British Black Panther party from 1968-1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1a4a59d-518a-4b9e-a239-e3c5733cad58/0168806_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHERS, 1969. Kansas City Black Panther Bill Whitfield serves breakfast to local children as part of the Panther free breakfast program, 16 April 1969. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16da266d-5b56-4c1c-9983-f0fa52ae3c22/0125846_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHERS, 1970. A man holding a banner on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial while attending a Black Panther convention in Washington, D.C., 19 June 1970. Photographed by Warren K. Leffler or Thomas J. O'Halloran. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f543cd2a-66c4-4369-996d-bc832304f0a7/0260600_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHERS, 1970. Local Black Panther leader John Clark standing in front of a window at party offices in Baltimore, Maryland, that is covered with posters of Huey Newton (center) and other party leaders. Photographed by Henning Christoph, 1970. Full credit: ullstein bild - H. Christoph / Granger, NYC. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4e3e386-9e2e-4d81-aade-5dbdd543f7c2/0260554_T.jpeg The Black Panthers 0260554 BLACK PANTHERS, 1970. Crowds gathered on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., during a Black Panther convention, with some party members holding a banner calling for a Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention, 19 June 1970. Photographed by Warren K. Leffler or Thomas J. O'Halloran https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d6b7e278-d4c3-4350-88b0-579141104cc8/0653745_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER POSTER, c1970. Poster depicting an African American mother with a young child holding a gun. Print by Emory for the Black Panther Party, c1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62389d15-ccf6-46c3-a1e9-8115f2089bf3/0260604_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS (1944- ). American political activist. Davis (center) leaving the Santa Clara County Courthouse in San Jose, California, following her acquittal on charges of kidnapping, murder, and conspiracy, 4 June 1972 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e70c010-7606-4b4e-8b82-a666c9e7ec9f/0653738_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER POSTER, c1970. Poster depicting a person in native African dress carrying an automatic weapon and a book titled 'Black Studies.' Poster produced by the Black Panther Party, c1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/20ebc985-d7ce-466b-a8c1-1bffd2d14087/0653744_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER POSTER. 'One of our main purposes is to unify our brothers and sisters in the North with our brothers and sisters in the South.' Poster by Emory for the Black Panther Party, 1960s or 1970s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9b88193b-0612-4530-b7ce-862181e3a994/0653672_T.jpeg The Black Panthers AMSTERDAM: PROTEST, 1970. Demonstration for the Black Panther activist Bobby Seale in Amsterdam, Holland. Photograph, 14 March 1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ade937e6-1a0c-4555-9b09-06b881142ca7/1032204_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHERS, 1968. Button supporting Black Panther Party cofounders and political activists Huey P. Newton for Congress and Bobby Seale for State Assembly. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2fd2218e-5ca4-4757-a01a-a249c573d49c/0083293_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS (1944- ). American political activist. Photographed c1971. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b52d07e4-1ebf-4790-b3f4-a9f66ab46a25/0130921_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS (1944- ). American political activist. Davis speaking at a rally against the death penalty outside the state capitol building in Raleigh, North Carolina, 4 July 1974. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c548825-df28-4259-a829-53f41553eb38/0115643_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS TRIAL, 1972. Herbert Marcuse, Marxist philosopher and teacher of political activist Angela Davis, walks toward the search shed outside the courtroom in San Jose, California, during Davis' trial, March 1972. With him are Davis' friend, Bettina Aptheker, and mother, Mrs. Sallye Davis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4dd45590-a286-469b-920e-7b199722b583/1032200_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER, c1967. Black Panther: Huey for Congress, Peace and Freedom. Political button in support of Huey P. Newton cofounder of the Black Panther Party. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3beff58c-4964-41fc-9bb0-00bd23024ce9/0653741_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BOBBY SEALE (1936- ). American political activist and co-founder of the Black Panther Party. 'Here and Now for Bobby Seale.' Poster, c1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1d265b82-de88-4586-8775-c1d7827a2964/0641704_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER POSTER, 1969. 'You can jail a revolutionary, but you can't jail the revolution.' Poster, 1969. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65d795e6-a251-4b44-a544-6d2d9fef4309/0037864_T.jpeg The Black Panthers ANGELA DAVIS (1944- ). American political activist. On an FBI 'Wanted' poster, issued on 18 August 1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/74560edc-fdbb-4192-88bf-1abb9b33cc5f/0653742_T.jpeg The Black Panthers BLACK PANTHER POSTER. 'Political prisoners of USA Fascism.' Poster depicting Black Panther Party founders Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton with guns, 1960s or 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e096264-dc23-4bb5-881f-458fd025c242/1032201_T.jpeg The Black Panthers HUEY NEWTON, c1965. All power to the people. Political button in support of Huey P. Newton (1942-1989), cofounder of the Black Panther Party. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3173c660-e2b5-48f3-9257-89c13d6f5fbb/0653544_T.jpeg The Black Panthers POLICE BRUTALITY, c1968. 'He was the beginning, Lil Bobby Hutton, born April 21, 1950, murdered by Oakland Pig Dept., April 6, 1968.' Poster by the Black Panther Party, c1968. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0c7462e7-63cc-4d35-9a91-e7a5f776939a/3704.jpg The Black Panthers Bobby Seale, Oakland, California, 19 July 1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/29f42142-ec24-4010-b645-cbcd54e44a1c/4200+%281%29.jpg The Black Panthers Party founders Seale and Newton, Oakland, California, 1971 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a8157c45-8070-46ed-873b-1655d98381ea/2788.jpg The Black Panthers Angela Davis, San Jose, California, 1972 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/781455d7-ec77-4366-b6cd-37579d324d78/4200+%282%29.jpg The Black Panthers George Murray, Oakland, California, 28 July 1968 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e3211d71-a70f-493b-9cce-5cff3bd0e7e6/Black_Panther_demonstration.jpg The Black Panthers Members of the Black Panther Party on the steps of the Washington State Capitol building in Olympia on February 28, 1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/01effdea-bafb-4b7d-bf92-04f969c1ba78/vf_cover_7202.webp The Black Panthers The Black Panther Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6839706b-9f93-4f92-b936-92aee88874bb/New-Doc-2020-10-31-16.15.43_6jjj.webp The Black Panthers Sam Sagay in London [Photo courtesy of Sam Sagay] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/df5d1ef8-5f5c-400c-9fa6-a7a7743527dd/GettyImages-1212210570.webp The Black Panthers A protest in solidarity with Anguilla against the British invasion of the island, supported by the Black Panther Movement, at Piccadilly Circus in London on March 24, 1969 [Daily Express/Pictorial Parade/Hulton Archive/Getty Images] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f97301ee-30bb-41fa-abcd-cfeeaee61e41/the-amazing-lost-legacy-of-the-british-black-panthers-1413281550760.jpeg The Black Panthers The Amazing Lost Legacy of the British Black Panthers By Photos: Neil Kenlock, Words: Bruno Bayley https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1eee4a42-88f0-4318-91f6-7890b2e085e3/9597250-6686017-image-a-64_1549730777016.jpg The Black Panthers Ruth-Marion Baruch, left, photographs one campaigner helping out at a Panther free breakfast for children program. Community activism and strong political education played a large role in The Black Panther Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65cb59d2-9446-4b96-bb8b-5859ab9078ad/9597242-6686017-image-a-66_1549730777024.jpg The Black Panthers Baruch said of the Black Panthers, pictured here in 1968 at a Free Huey rally in Bobby Hutton Memorial Park, 'we can only tell you: This is what we saw. This is what we felt. These are the people' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34976126-5b8a-4267-b213-e129d38a1e73/9597224-6686017-image-a-75_1549730777125.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panthers from Sacramento, Free Huey Rally, Bobby Hutton Memorial Park, Oakland, California, No. 62, Aug. 25, 1968. Photograph by Pirkle Jones. © Regents of the University of California. Courtesy of Special Collections, University Library, Univesity of California Santa Cruz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/89d34dad-e38e-4d74-80e9-97708cabef2f/9597218-6686017-image-a-63_1549730776982.jpg The Black Panthers A man pictured serving food to girl at St. Augustine's Episcopal Church under the Black Panther Free Breakfast for Children Program. The couple aimed to show a different image of the protesters from the mainstream media at the time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e381887d-d19d-44ae-8920-631567f5c2db/9597246-6686017-image-a-65_1549730777020.jpg The Black Panthers Marin City Black Panthers photographed by Pirkle Jones in 1968. Jones stood in solidarity with them and his images were first printed in The Black Panther weekly newspaper before going on display at San Francisco’s de Young Museum shortly after https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/228ca6d5-0403-4875-ba0a-d0883eacbd1e/Black_Panther_March.jpg The Black Panthers Black Panther March https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8bfb30e3-76b1-43c0-8ad4-4d7bcac0fd23/Screenshot+2026-03-25+at+10.12.59%E2%80%AFAM.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean-film daily 0.75 2024-02-15 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-publications daily 0.75 2026-03-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fef5c9af-a2b1-431e-8153-d26ccd03f28c/977a81cb5f1520291749b68306df91d9.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b0e6b8ed-47d4-4a44-86bf-eb4a10f47140/65b72465c8a436456b5d83227bcd5a45.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f51527b0-3fd2-45e1-b496-54da7818d2ee/Screenshot+2025-07-13+at+00.50.13.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f64f2a5-e1d6-400a-afa7-1b9c4256f77f/655057912bd37d2f3fa20fc75d0c857e.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/pan-africanism-1 daily 0.75 2025-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7bac2415-b1fa-417f-92e0-9ecba6b61f50/Screenshot+2025-04-08+at+10.33.27%E2%80%AFAM.png Pan Africanism "Flyer soliciting subscription to Pan African Notes magazine" Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/98b70df9-98bf-48c0-a546-8ab1d513e0e5/ChuckDavisDance.jpg Pan Africanism Calvin Reid, FESTAC ’77, Lagos, Nigeria, 1977. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d8a4ffc-61cc-4fcf-9837-1c5fa7fab70b/NMAAHC-2015_251_8_1_001-000001_screen.jpg Pan Africanism Pan African flags used at the Million Man March 20th Anniversary. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06eb86f0-e2e9-438f-8a3e-150fa4855b16/FESTAC2.jpg Pan Africanism East African Community Zone Festival Program. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f870c00-56be-4034-8e00-f87aa34bbe11/Screenshot+2025-04-08+at+11.51.46%E2%80%AFAM.png Pan Africanism The pan-African movement ; a history of pan-Africanism in America, Europe, and Africa by Imanuel Geiss, 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/420cbee9-22ac-4104-a87a-0b85edaeffef/014_33310343976_o.jpg Pan Africanism Calvin Reid, FESTAC ’77, Lagos, Nigeria, 1977. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/18468dd8-0d19-43b9-84d6-847ae3861882/Union-PanAfricanSociety-1988.jpg Pan Africanism University of Salford Students Union. Pan African Society General Meeting. 1988. https://jstor.org/stable/community.34588156. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99de5367-3646-4e41-b668-2231006e3143/Carmichael-Nkrumah-and-DuBois-1967.jpg Pan Africanism Stokely Carmichael, Kwame Nkrumah, and Shirley Graham DuBois 1967. Image courtesy of the Thabo Mbeki Foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38f7ff86-17b2-4c58-8454-c0dc80991f6b/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+8.34.51+PM.png Pan Africanism B.L.A.C. (Black Liberators for Action on Campus), University of Nebraska at Omaha, https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.36610140 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4b76f8a-63b0-4082-b9ec-bb15bb693533/unnamed%2B-%2B2019-09-12T131158.403.jpg Pan Africanism HEAVEN ON EARTH, FESTAC '77 AND THE DREAM OF A PAN-AFRICAN UTOPIA. Photograph courtesy of Calvin Reid. © Copyright 2025 Culture Crush Inc. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/28fcc944-8b14-423b-930d-3024c22dfd9e/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.49.47+PM.png Pan Africanism Detail of the FESTAC ’77 book by Chimurenga. Courtesy the author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cfa2d765-f805-46bb-ae3a-3854e164653c/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.51.31+PM.png Pan Africanism Detail of FESTAC ’77 book by Chimurenga. Courtesy the author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/98da3f46-7737-4c6e-bade-73ac06e27665/one.png Pan Africanism 1. Official poster of the First World Festival of Negro Arts (Dakar, 1966). PANAFEST Archive. 2. Official brochure for the First Pan-African Cultural Festival (Algiers, 1969). PANAFEST Archive https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9eae133b-bd29-4dba-bdc3-4ead5d8b1107/gov+1.jpeg Pan Africanism Congress: Manchester and the Fight for Equality, Black History Month, Collections, Current Activities. Copyright © 2019. Ahmed Iqbal Ullah Education Trust. All Rights Reserved. Registered Charity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/11374485-12f3-48fa-8fa7-ce20a8122dea/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+10.56.53+PM.png Pan Africanism Title of the First Session of the 1945 Pan-African Congress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9b67142-2fc4-4485-82e6-1e62080332f4/Manchester-fifth-pan-african-conference-1.jpg Pan Africanism 2nd Pan-African Congress in the Palais Mondial, Brussels, 1921. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7531b519-1c40-4b83-9a79-473691bfcdf8/img012-2048x1443.jpg Pan Africanism GB3228.34/1/2, Pan-African Congress 1945 and related celebratory events 1982-1995, Press photograph of the 1945 Pan-African Congress delegates and [Manchester City Mayor?] (1945). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a931e4f-55d5-4dbb-9588-32d9d4ec4009/Image-01-First-issue-1.jpg Pan Africanism Spearhead cover, Nov 1961. Presented by Katharina Föger Eric Burton. "Spearhead. The Pan-African Review was established by the South African lawyer and journalist Frene Ginwala in Dar es Salaam, the capital of Tanganyika (later Tanzania), just one month ahead of the country’s full independence in December of 1961. The newspaper was published monthly until May 1963, when Ginwala was expelled to Great Britain, likely due to conflicts with the Tanganyikan authorities. The newspaper’s proclaimed mission was to discuss questions pertaining to the politics of the continent and to “build bridges from Cape to Cairo, from Dar es Salaam to Accra” with a clearly Pan- African and anticolonial standpoint. In the first of three regular sections, Spearhead provided “News” from all over the continent. In its regular second and third sections, it tackled all the major political themes of the early 1960s. In “Views,” and the “Seminar,” it discussed the best forms of democracy and trade unionism for postcolonial contexts, as well as African socialism, Pan-Africanism, and liberation struggles. The occasional section “Profiles” paid tribute to notable figures like Nelson Mandela, Tom Mboya, or Hastings Banda. In the same spirit as other Pan-African journals produced in various African “hubs of decolonization” in the early 1960s, Spearhead discussed issues of postcolonial state-building and reported on anticolonial struggles on the continent. Yet, unlike other either fully or partially state-controlled journals such as Accra’s Voice of Africa and the Spark, or Cairo’s African Renaissance (Nahdat Afriqya), Spearhead was financially and editorially independent. The numerous advertisements in each issue certainly financed part of the newspaper’s operations. The range of sponsors included Twiga Soft Drinks, a Cantonese restaurant in Dar es Salaam, Radio Moscow and the Indian Ministry for Tourism. Letters to the editor came predominantly from Anglophone countries in East and Central Africa, although the subscription information for Spearhead was also provided to readers in Great Britain and “all other parts of Africa.” Editing Spearhead, Ginwala could draw on a wealth of experiences and her continent-spanning network. Not long after finishing her law studies in the UK and the US, Ginwala worked as a correspondent for British media. She became involved with Ronald Segal’s Cape Town-based magazine Africa South, many of whose contributors would come to write for Spearhead. They were joined by scholars and journalists such as the Guardian’s Africa correspondent Clyde Sanger, South African communist Hermann Meyer Basner or Patrick McAuslan, a radical lecturer at Dar es Salaam’s newly established Law Faculty. The publication provided a platform for high-ranking African politicians and functionaries like Kwame Nkrumah, Sékou Touré, or Ghanaian trade union leader John Tettegah to promote their views on Pan-Africanism and postcolonial statehood. Leaders of liberation movements voiced their criticisms of colonial regimes and called for support, though there were also debates on varying strategies – for instance regarding the boycott of trade with apartheid South Africa…" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/607fe9f3-33f3-4398-a383-6441acca0c30/Pan-African-Cultural-Festival-in-Algeria-during-July-1969-with-joint-press-conference-hosted-by-the-Black-Panther-Party-and-the-Palestine-Liberation-Organization..jpg Pan Africanism Looking back to move forward: The first Pan-African Cultural Festival in Algeria, 1969. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1de94b4b-d296-4509-af02-fb640c3225c7/paper1.jpeg Pan Africanism W. E. B. Du Bois to the NAACP, January 12, 1919. NAACP Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (175.00.00, 175.00.01) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7abfc53-4b1b-4d3c-bfbc-9092cc419d5e/paper4.jpeg Pan Africanism W. E. B. Du Bois to the NAACP, January 12, 1919. NAACP Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (175.00.00, 175.00.01) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f960ed08-cf6b-42a1-b18e-13e99a1bb2f2/paper6.jpeg Pan Africanism "A Session of the Pan-African Congress, Paris, February 19–22, 1919" in The Crisis, A Record of the Darker Races. [Reprint] NY: Arno Press, 1969. General Collections, Library of Congress (174.01.00) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/55a44674-a44d-4062-8885-f1ea024a61ce/theusa.jpg Pan Africanism The USA – Irrelevant to Africa’s Liberation Struggle, by Mark P Fancher. (Hood communist), May 13, 2021. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/baf4ae55-68a6-420e-8654-9580e4345588/delegates+1.jpeg Pan Africanism Delegates from Oregon for the Fourth Pan African Congress in New York, 1927. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94505f02-b02a-457f-9409-a39fed14b6f3/2016_0929bp502-1.jpg Pan Africanism Anti-imperialism march on African Liberation Day, in Washington, DC, in a photo taken in May of 1974. (Photo: Risasi Zachariah Dais). Pan-Africanism: The Silver Bullet in the Heart of Empire by Ian Scott (Hood communist) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9db74408-8254-411f-a7a5-287af44ad474/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+8.51.06+PM.png Pan Africanism Pan-African Federation, Pan-African Congress poster, ca. October 1945. All rights for this document are held by the David Graham Du Bois Trust. https://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-x01-i075 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec8c264e-8d3d-4ecf-891b-41ce4464a77d/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+8.55.52+PM.png Pan Africanism Conference on Pan‑Africanism: New Directions in Strategy. Queens College. JSTOR, stable URL https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.37765569. (Cover) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a931e4f-55d5-4dbb-9588-32d9d4ec4009/Image-01-First-issue-1.jpg Pan Africanism Spearhead cover, Nov 1961. Presented by Katharina Föger Eric Burton. "Spearhead. The Pan-African Review was established by the South African lawyer and journalist Frene Ginwala in Dar es Salaam, the capital of Tanganyika (later Tanzania), just one month ahead of the country’s full independence in December of 1961. The newspaper was published monthly until May 1963, when Ginwala was expelled to Great Britain, likely due to conflicts with the Tanganyikan authorities. The newspaper’s proclaimed mission was to discuss questions pertaining to the politics of the continent and to “build bridges from Cape to Cairo, from Dar es Salaam to Accra” with a clearly Pan- African and anticolonial standpoint. In the first of three regular sections, Spearhead provided “News” from all over the continent. In its regular second and third sections, it tackled all the major political themes of the early 1960s. In “Views,” and the “Seminar,” it discussed the best forms of democracy and trade unionism for postcolonial contexts, as well as African socialism, Pan-Africanism, and liberation struggles. The occasional section “Profiles” paid tribute to notable figures like Nelson Mandela, Tom Mboya, or Hastings Banda. In the same spirit as other Pan-African journals produced in various African “hubs of decolonization” in the early 1960s, Spearhead discussed issues of postcolonial state-building and reported on anticolonial struggles on the continent. Yet, unlike other either fully or partially state-controlled journals such as Accra’s Voice of Africa and the Spark, or Cairo’s African Renaissance (Nahdat Afriqya), Spearhead was financially and editorially independent. The numerous advertisements in each issue certainly financed part of the newspaper’s operations. The range of sponsors included Twiga Soft Drinks, a Cantonese restaurant in Dar es Salaam, Radio Moscow and the Indian Ministry for Tourism. Letters to the editor came predominantly from Anglophone countries in East and Central Africa, although the subscription information for Spearhead was also provided to readers in Great Britain and “all other parts of Africa.” Editing Spearhead, Ginwala could draw on a wealth of experiences and her continent-spanning network. Not long after finishing her law studies in the UK and the US, Ginwala worked as a correspondent for British media. She became involved with Ronald Segal’s Cape Town-based magazine Africa South, many of whose contributors would come to write for Spearhead. They were joined by scholars and journalists such as the Guardian’s Africa correspondent Clyde Sanger, South African communist Hermann Meyer Basner or Patrick McAuslan, a radical lecturer at Dar es Salaam’s newly established Law Faculty. The publication provided a platform for high-ranking African politicians and functionaries like Kwame Nkrumah, Sékou Touré, or Ghanaian trade union leader John Tettegah to promote their views on Pan-Africanism and postcolonial statehood. Leaders of liberation movements voiced their criticisms of colonial regimes and called for support, though there were also debates on varying strategies – for instance regarding the boycott of trade with apartheid South Africa…" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f30c8ad5-6941-489e-99e1-e787a40a3530/commemorating-60-years_860x500.png Pan Africanism Founding fathers of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), Addis Ababa, 1963 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5dfdd9c5-0547-49f4-93f3-273be70dfc50/nazBoardNEW.jpg Pan Africanism Calvin Reid, FESTAC ’77, Lagos, Nigeria, 1977. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/37781ba9-7752-4fd2-8cc0-7a4166139c3c/Black-world-may-1975.png Pan Africanism Black World/Negro Digest May 1975. Vol. XXIV No. 7. The Johnson Publishing Company. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2b8a1d00-c58c-4154-aa76-730f13651df6/FESTAC-EBONY-_77-For-Cultured_Page_1-800x1035.jpg Pan Africanism EBONY Magazine. May 1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/52939583-3ff3-41e2-abc8-d104208c9b4c/NMAAHC-2015_97_27_39_001.jpg Pan Africanism Flier advertising an event entitled Angola: From Liberation to Reconstruction. March 1976. Pan African Students Organization in the Americas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2900a630-f3f8-4757-86e7-60ec825b3610/NMAAHC-2015_97_27_6_001_.jpg Pan Africanism Flyer announcing a protest against apartheid in South Africa. 1977. Pan African Students Organization in the Americas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7aced1c-0d67-4607-a1f8-a07b149214f9/Union-PanAfricanSociety-nd.jpg Pan Africanism University of Salford Students Union. Pan African Society First Meeting. nd. https://jstor.org/stable/community.34588064. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f23fba1-c7fb-4aa1-ae0e-b66f959b0e07/Manufactured+by+AFL-CIO-PinbackbuttonPanAfrican-after+1955.jpg Pan Africanism Manufactured by AFL-CIO, American, founded 1955, and Owned by Jan Bailey, American, 1942 - 2010. Pinback Button of the Pan-African Flag. after 1955. Metal, Diameter: 1 × 1/4 in. (2.5 × 0.6 cm). National Museum of African American History and Culture; Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. https://jstor.org/stable/community.31886907. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8842bb42-7516-4cc4-a38c-3ffa0819dd5f/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.29.40+PM.png Pan Africanism Pan-African Journal, Reveal Digital, 04-01-1970 https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.39990662 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/817c7d5d-dd5f-4174-b77d-624e97d6b8b4/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.50.50+PM.png Pan Africanism Detail of FESTAC ’77 book by Chimurenga. Courtesy the author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eae07978-725f-4227-9793-62a0ab7a5699/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.52.16+PM.png Pan Africanism Detail of FESTAC ’77 book by Chimurenga. Courtesy the author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a1c54fcb-6ebe-447a-8991-f7e1a058dfcd/two+.jpeg Pan Africanism FRELIMO delegation in attendance at the First Pan-African Cultural Festival (Algiers, 1969). Photo Luc-Daniel Dupire / PANAFEST Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b361c00-2b6a-4ada-bb1d-6c68b9715ce9/gov+2.png Pan Africanism The 1st Pan-African Congress, Paris, France, February 19–22, 1919. Copyright © 2019. Ahmed Iqbal Ullah Education Trust. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c02ddd4-5de5-4c46-8312-aa0057155aac/challenge-to-the-colonial-powers-e1551794370846.jpg Pan Africanism The original declaration of the 1945 Pan-African Congress, as outlined by George Padmore. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7bda25c3-ae86-4743-9486-cc523c192003/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-165-11.jpg Pan Africanism Julius Nyerere and Dr Hastings K. Banda Prime Minister then president of Malawi, visiting Tanganyika in the early 1960s. (Credit: The National Archives -United Kingdom) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1ec45b26-c992-4e13-8c2d-3930ff690c30/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+7.53.49+PM.png Pan Africanism Black Transnational Movement for Representation and Land Ramla Bandele, Article Author, The 1919 Pan-African Congress. Via wwiafrica (Tumblr). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/10971db1-34ae-4ef3-9117-1e9e5a5a8f83/paper2.jpeg Pan Africanism W. E. B. Du Bois to the NAACP, January 12, 1919. NAACP Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (175.00.00, 175.00.01) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d540aeaa-b169-4fed-9070-284c0c87ee0a/paper5.jpeg Pan Africanism W. E. B. Du Bois to the NAACP, January 12, 1919. NAACP Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (175.00.00, 175.00.01) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8abd2de-58ed-490a-b7b6-a766f942dc94/paper7.jpeg Pan Africanism W. E. B. Du Bois to the NAACP, Bulletin #3, January 1919. “My programme is this. . . . I am to meet colored French deputies soon to plan for a Pan-African Conference in Paris during the Peace Conference.” NAACP Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (175.01.00) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1fd6a47-6f6a-48aa-b640-f625696a4cc9/all_africa-2.jpg Pan Africanism All-Africa Peoples Conference Accra, Ghana 1958. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d9e7a49-77fe-4eb3-9106-bc9fd5d856d8/delegates+2+.png Pan Africanism Delegates of the 1923 Pan-African Congress, Lisbon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/288212a0-61bd-4f85-8a01-32012097625a/pan-africanist-movement_1900x1239.png Pan Africanism The Pan-Africanist Movement and the road to liberation, African Union. https://oau60.au.int/en/pan-africanist-movement-and-road-liberation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/11093e12-9cd8-4920-b0a2-fba0a9a330e3/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+8.56.44+PM.png Pan Africanism Conference on Pan‑Africanism: New Directions in Strategy. Queens College. JSTOR, stable URL https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.37765569. (Page 1) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b615f30f-61f2-45d4-ae66-cd2b365d0026/the-negro-work.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Pan Africanism The Negro Worker The cover of Volume 7 of The Negro Worker publication, dated February 1937. Date 1937 Catalogue reference CO 323/1518/9 Published between 1928 and 1937, The Negro Worker was 'the official organ of the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers' (ITUCNW). Led by African American communist James W Ford, the ITUCNW aims, as listed at the back, included 'To promote and develop the spirit of international solidarity between the workers of all colours, races and nationalities.' The file includes five original copies as part of an order prohibiting the importation of the newspaper into present day Ghana and signed off by then Conservative Colonial Secretary, William Ormsby-Gore. The articles highlight a range of contemporary issues including the Italian invasion of Ethiopia as well as the implications of the rise of Nazi Germany for colonised peoples, particularly Hitler’s demands to have former German colonies returned. The parallels between colonialism and fascism are not lost on the authors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/caff634b-c4ad-41ef-be68-0fde331f5bdb/FestacGatheringNEW.jpg Pan Africanism Calvin Reid, FESTAC ’77, Lagos, Nigeria, 1977. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6e97a888-ae32-44a7-a28d-6724e44c3a9e/The-pan-african-voice-1968.png Pan Africanism The Pan-African Voice journal, volume 2, August 1968. Pan African Students Organization in the Americas, American, 1960 - 1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36b2a5a9-5ac4-4022-a318-48331c1f7243/NMAAHC-2015_97_27_59_001.jpg Pan Africanism Flyer announcing a demonstration on African Liberation Day. April 1972. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a4df40f-446f-4472-965f-5a38271a474c/Union-UniversitySalfordPan-1987.jpg Pan Africanism University of Salford Students Union. University of Salford Pan African Society. 1987. https://jstor.org/stable/community.34588082. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/694331bd-88e6-4cb5-87db-854852c3fcb5/three.jpeg Pan Africanism Free Jazz pioneer Archie Shepp on stage at the First Pan-African Cultural Festival (Algiers, 1969). Photo Luc-Daniel Dupire / PANAFEST Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71c8a5c9-32b4-4d88-963b-ce92cc26e5cb/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+7.54.21+PM.png Pan Africanism Black Transnational Movement for Representation and Land Ramla Bandele, Article Author, The 1919 Pan-African Congress. Via wwiafrica (Tumblr). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b88a0748-f383-46ea-8d87-bfbd2815170a/paper3.jpeg Pan Africanism W. E. B. Du Bois to the NAACP, January 12, 1919. NAACP Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (175.00.00, 175.00.01) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1c4df95d-9c80-47dc-a36b-865bfdfdebd6/delegates+3.png Pan Africanism Helen Noble Curtis – Agreement to hold the third Pan-African Congress in Lisbon, 1921 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dcc005bc-0ad9-41fc-8bc0-a9e85e7b8bee/four.jpeg Pan Africanism Brochure cover announcing FESTAC (Lagos, 1977). PANAFEST Archive https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/762951b3-997c-46a8-b832-4a05b007f5ac/delegates+4+.png Pan Africanism Pan-African Congress in Paris, February 19–22, 1919. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56c77ab2-5b24-4649-837a-a6d7807e9b34/delegates+5+.jpeg Pan Africanism Members of the Second Pan African Conference, Brussels, 1921. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/206d2fff-a491-4206-bbd5-3695c3e67dcd/Deuxi%C3%A8me_Congr%C3%A8s_Panafricain%2C_au_Palais_Mondial%2C_%C3%A0_Bruxelles_en_septembre_1921_01.jpg Pan Africanism Session in the Palais Mondial, Brussels, 1921 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/tribes-1 daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2cdfabc-46d5-41e6-a69b-97d92c9259f7/unnamed.jpg 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Episode 15 devoted to apartheid in South Africa. Host : William Greaves & Lou House Panelist : Charles Hamilton, Bluden Jackson, Blyden Jackson, Keorapetse, Peter Molotsi, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b22fcc3-ace1-4365-96f7-29f4c80c31b4/blackjournal.png.jpeg Black Broadcasting https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e3cac531-26d1-4530-963a-bae5eb055b4b/Screenshot+2024-01-31+at+09.45.41.png Black Broadcasting America's Black Forum Episode 21 still https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f303ebda-a104-4fe7-b497-2741dd32c81e/_115028329_bbh_shutterstock976.jpg.webp Black Broadcasting Simi Jolaoso, “Barbara Blake Hannah: The First Black Female Reporter on British TV,” BBC News, October 23, 2020, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-54623417. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71720416-66c6-4db9-ba28-56789d9f8616/the_dread_broadcasting_corporation.jpg Black Broadcasting London label and NTS Radio show Death Is Not The End has curated clips of the UK's first Black-owned pirate radio station. via https://ra.co/news/75501 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5549aeff-87d0-40f1-8b4b-78bb412bffd3/f57001a69392c0e5856e62df01f617e0.jpg Black Broadcasting DJ Robert L. Scott in booth at Black-owned KYAC radio station, Seattle, May 1975. Courtesy of Seattle’s Museum of History & Industry (MOHAI), Cary W. Tolman Collection. via https://www.kuow.org/stories/remembering-kyac-the-seattle-black-owned-radio-station-that-felt-like-home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c4ec823d-22b9-4a1f-a53d-47b4f1dac3a1/a.webp Black Broadcasting Heffernan, Anne. “Hot 103 Jamz, America’s Longest-Running Black-Owned Radio Station.” KCUR, 17 May 2022. https://www.kcur.org/arts-life/2022-05-17/hot-103-jamz-americas-longest-running-black-owned-radio-station Image: Courtesy Of Carter Broadcast Group https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4735be15-9540-4db6-a5af-0987c19bd746/Radio_Flyer_PNG.png Black Broadcasting "Early DBC DJ's preparing equipment to broadcast a show in the early 80's" via https://dbc1981.com/pages/archive https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/42ab2981-4e0d-488d-a8b3-855c4e8bffcb/DBC11_4659d2ff-5338-4ae6-ba90-e4d6c6deed7c.jpg Black Broadcasting "The first commissioned Radio Flyer here, the artwork here by Jerry Neville." via https://dbc1981.com/pages/archive https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b8a4e925-0745-488a-9139-82d170c2af8d/Bala-Baptiste-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, Bala Baptiste Collection, 1946-2013, via https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Bala-Baptiste https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec40ba81-3143-4cb7-a746-9b167324e2aa/Ed-Castleberry-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, Ed Castleberry Collection, 1951-1999 https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Ed-Castleberry https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e1e0cd8-0f8f-473a-80ad-9728b8563b36/Jack-The-Rapper-Gibson-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, Jack Gibson Collection, 1942-2000, https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Jack-Gibson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2074d154-5977-484a-a38c-c4bab49a0148/Afro-American-In-Indiana-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, The Afro-American in Indiana radio series, 1971-1983, https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/The-Afro-American-in-Indiana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84f39036-aac8-456e-b0bf-2fd965943ab3/Wade-in-the-Water-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, Wade in the Water: African American Sacred Music Traditions, 1994, https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Wade-in-the-Water https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8b008e46-08c1-46db-83cb-3f20e4c41c8a/What-Must-Be-Done-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, What Must Be Done radio series, 1968, https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/What-Must-Be-Done https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6644ec5-58a2-4d6d-9221-5b03689c9413/_120022194_45a81139-b59c-4f0f-b8fa-6411a04744fd.png.webp Black Broadcasting BBC News. “Dorothy Butler Gilliam: ‘I am Not a Maid, I Am a Reporter’.” Image:HARRY NALTCHAYAN, WASHINGTON POST August 22, 2021. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-58259503 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e853bd6a-c31e-40c3-971c-5e5d08724668/p06bxxbg.jpg Black Broadcasting Bronfman, Alejandra. (2019). Radio Wars and Revolution in the Caribbean, 1959. Journal for Media History, 22(2), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.18146/tmg.591 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a29580cc-2779-4418-916f-ddf85037b6ba/Voice-Over-Barlow-1999.jpg Black Broadcasting Barlow, William. (1999). Voice Over: The Making of Black Radio. Temple University Press. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/610558d6-296e-4be4-9160-e0084141bba9/2.webp Black Broadcasting Bacon-Bercey with her aunt, Hortense Sapp, on the day she graduated from UCLA in 1954. Courtesy Dail St. Claire. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/remembering-june-bacon-bercey-pioneering-african-american-meteorologist-180973933/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16915053-e8a7-4cc6-b424-f23134c85a1d/s-l1600.webp Black Broadcasting Carol Randolph and Claude Matthews, hosts of Harambee, Washington D.C on a 1971 WTOP TV Ad https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f493740-203b-4246-b3e8-3ea5edf24787/426628433ddd55bc76d77e37ea1a2a12.jpg Black Broadcasting First Black radio station operator, Rufus P. Turner, working on an early radio, likely at his W3LF, 1926 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/75e2f2f4-ed16-41ba-99de-944927b8008e/4366c381cdf3f8e9d0d28ba9c9cf7e05.jpg Black Broadcasting Teresa Graves on the cover of The Cincinnati Post's TV Magazine, March 29 - April 4, 1975 issue https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66e77687-38a7-4a7e-b8ed-008ea212bf61/345050f45f7a883da96c91663c1a21bf.jpg Black Broadcasting 1980 Zambia radio card https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27078126-1a76-4189-aaa1-e731bd23a714/03fc82b9106a9317c2dcc35845119a14.jpg Black Broadcasting Trudy Haynes became the nation's first African American TV weather reporter for WXYZ-TV in Detroit, MI in 1963. In 1965, she became the first African American TV news reporter for KYW-TV, in Philadelphia, where she continued until her retirement in 1999. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3806abd9-7733-40c4-873b-a92a1ed9a7b8/5961884a3ee67a7658e080940acb4282.jpg Black Broadcasting A Radio-Niger Broadcaster, 1960. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be4d4e0a-5c53-44b3-9938-57aaad8ca526/31351649922.jpg Black Broadcasting Cyzewski, Julie. (2021). The “tribal drum” and Literary Radio: The Postcolonial Poetics of the Transcription Centre’s Africa Abroad. Modernism/modernity, 6(1), https://doi.org/10.26597/mod.0197 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c38f570-752a-4de5-928f-4933c00cd7c2/200831_r36939.jpg Black Broadcasting Jesse Jackson with the “Black Journal” host Tony Brown, in 1976. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d16c754-9488-4d89-a523-1cc5bdb0f1b3/Screenshot+2024-01-31+at+09.42.30.png Black Broadcasting America's Black Forum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d31834e0-18c6-4cf4-9998-583004f6e0e3/_115028333_barbarabh_clothing_shutter976.jpg.webp Black Broadcasting Simi Jolaoso, “Barbara Blake Hannah: The First Black Female Reporter on British TV,” Image: Barbara Blake Hannah (right) modelling a designer's clothes. BBC News, October 23, 2020, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-54623417. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2fc062b2-3f62-46bf-ad62-f52b2f3e498e/b.webp Black Broadcasting Heffernan, Anne. “Hot 103 America’s Longest-Running Black-Owned Radio Station.” KCUR, 17 May 2022. https://www.kcur.org/arts-life/2022-05-17/hot-103-jamz-americas-longest-running-black-owned-radio-station Image: Courtesy Of Carter Broadcast Group. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c594e57b-8a74-41f6-8795-8f62795f3e3f/DBC_-_Up_on_the_roof.png Black Broadcasting via https://dbc1981.com/pages/archive https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1967e101-7054-4415-a52c-b014f56d0d12/Black-Radio-Telling-It-Like-It-Was-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, Black Radio : Telling It Like It Was, circa 1920s-1997 1991-1995 https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Black-Radio-Telling-It-Like-It-Was https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16f26ab8-b59d-432d-865c-403521208603/Every-Voice-and-Sing-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture,Every Voice and Sing: The Choral Music Legacy of the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (radio series), 2007, https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Every-Voice-and-Sing https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8f041204-ece3-4e3d-babb-5004549c5500/Jocko-Henderson-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, Jocko Henderson Collection, 1971-2003, https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Jocko-Henderson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68bf450f-6783-4bb8-b8d4-f89caedba98d/Travis-Gardner-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, Travis Gardner Collection, approximately 1960s-1970s, https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Travis-Gardner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce7a8f9d-0335-4f21-81ac-0dd29e2472e2/william-barlow-collection-thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, William Barlow Collection (SC 6), https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/William-Barlow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1adb44ea-f6e5-486e-b7ba-cc871d9ea975/_120022200_jet.png.webp Black Broadcasting BBC News. “Dorothy Butler Gilliam: ‘I am Not a Maid, I Am a Reporter’.” Image DOROTHY BUTLER GILLIAM. August 22, 2021. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-58259503. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6dad4a95-e345-49f9-b8b1-b2ba784ffd1f/Radio_Freedom_2-medium.jpg Black Broadcasting Smith, Chris. A. (2023, December 23). Radio Freedom: A History of South African Underground Radio. The Appendix. https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/100-voices/people-nation-empire/caribbean-voices/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e7e14abd-6c23-4522-ae56-10b24db2d46f/wgrtv1st_tv_female_meterologist.jpg Black Broadcasting June Bacon-Bercey on Buffalo's WGR-TV, where she became the first African American female meteorologist to forecast the weather on television. Courtesy Dail St. Claire. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/remembering-june-bacon-bercey-pioneering-african-american-meteorologist-180973933/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/31fedaec-33ab-4bc2-880a-57391ff7dcfd/15_1.webp Black Broadcasting Bacon-Bercey speaking at an AAAU Women's luncheon. Courtesy Dail St. Claire. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/remembering-june-bacon-bercey-pioneering-african-american-meteorologist-180973933/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af5d1706-202e-4ce1-b91b-d360d5d37ae4/RadioFreedom.webp Black Broadcasting The staff of Radio Freedom in Luanda prepare for a broadcast by SWAPO president Sam Nujoma, 1989. University of Cape Town. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/review/turn-tune-fight-back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a04fc544-6096-4184-abad-dc364fd5e496/9a88679309ab0a5ce7e8a75335138531.jpg Black Broadcasting The first completely Black owned radio network (The "Mutual Black Network") was purchased by Sheridan Broadcasting Corp (August 29, 1979). It broadcasted an hourly 5 minute newscast and also aired sports and feature programs for one year (in the spring of 1974) along with a 15-minute daily soap opera called Sounds of the City. The Mutual Black Network or MBN was founded by the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1972. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b2292d70-7ca7-4037-af56-47a78e3d2515/32ecfc3f01b1ad43e5fde2b742247148.jpg Black Broadcasting Jesse B. Blayton Sr. became the first black radio station owner and operator in the United States when he bought Atlanta radio station WERD in 1949. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d3502729-8fe8-48ef-b80f-a637c8a44e76/538720a8522c66129c8f3f2a82e97d72.jpg Black Broadcasting Clifford Burdette's weekly program Those Who Have Made Good premiered on WNYC on May 11, 1941. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9bd20a3-50b3-4927-83b9-23949e9423a4/f72afecfef68f57d362d60a7d9c371e1.jpg Black Broadcasting Soul! host Ellis Haizlip takes a break from interviewing Kathleen Cleaver of the Black Panthers while a sound engineer checks the mic. Photo by Chester Higgins Jr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/89a34340-8202-4f36-8ef4-bb83e25800b2/07bcdf315ace6d2a697b7bfde377cf77.jpg Black Broadcasting In 1922, Jack L. Cooper (1889-1970), Black radio pioneer and ventriloquist, emulated vaudevillian Bert Williams's comedy routine, which enabled him to claim that he was "the first four Negroes on radio". https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aebca557-2e51-4e18-acbc-bdf948c54783/16294729272547.webp Black Broadcasting Rufus Thomas, circa 1970. Photo by Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d706c02-f214-4e6c-944b-4dcc8c618548/e93e1b1cad51c108e4f75f5224b177aa.jpg Black Broadcasting Oprah Winfrey puts her feet up as she relaxes in her office following a morning broadcast in Chicago, Ill., Dec. 18, 1985. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1072c1cd-77b9-4cef-b635-4b99d9a25785/cannonball.jpg Black Broadcasting Pinto, Samantha. (2012, December 17). Decolonizing the Radio: Africa Abroad in the Age of Independence. Sounding Out!. https://soundstudiesblog.com/2012/12/17/decolonizing-the-radio-africa-abroad-in-the-age-of-independence/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53dce2f2-d397-4f3a-8edb-230c2173db37/Screenshot+2024-01-31+at+09.37.51.png Black Broadcasting America's Black Forum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f52f07f-1321-4d3d-b71d-c242fbfbc7be/c.webp Black Broadcasting Heffernan, Anne. “Hot 103 Jamz, America’s Longest-Running Black-Owned Radio Station.” KCUR, 17 May 2022. https://www.kcur.org/arts-life/2022-05-17/hot-103-jamz-americas-longest-running-black-owned-radio-station Image: Courtesy Of Carter Broadcast Group. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c6d68f05-74f3-4cf8-abce-2cb0b32e6499/Deborah-Smith-Pollard-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, Deborah Smith Pollard Collection, 1979-2015 https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/Deborah-Smith-Pollard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9f5a429-53a7-437b-a1d0-d349ad1d9fa8/George-Nelson-Collection-Thumbnail.png Black Broadcasting Archives of African American Music and Culture, George Nelson Collection, approximately 1950-1982, https://aaamc.indiana.edu/Collections/George-Nelson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e1dcbd68-28b6-4224-9bf2-893739329ff8/_120022436_defender.png.webp Black Broadcasting BBC News. “Dorothy Butler Gilliam: ‘I am Not a Maid, I Am a Reporter’.” Image "Dorothy Butler Gilliam pictured with West Point graduates, while working for the Louisville Defender in about 1954". August 22, 2021. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-58259503. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea3766b5-2487-47cc-a4ed-c60473d44919/591-1-1686-2-10-20191219.jpg Black Broadcasting Bronfman, Alejandra. (2019). Radio Wars and Revolution in the Caribbean, 1959. TMG Journal for Media History, 22(2), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.18146/tmg.591 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ebd58180-fac1-49c5-9de0-bf8b7408afc7/june-bacon-bercey.webp Black Broadcasting Left, a headshot of Bacon-Bercey. Right, posing on her Buffalo apartment terrace while working at WGR TV. Maurice Seymour; Courtesy of Dail St. Claire. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/remembering-june-bacon-bercey-pioneering-african-american-meteorologist-180973933/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/881a2360-ce7f-4edb-af21-44e2f1fe2a45/Richard_Durham.jpg Black Broadcasting Richard Durham, writer and producer of Destination Freedom, a weekly radio program that aired on WMAQ in Chicago. The program aired from 1948 to 1950 which highlighted histories of African Americans like Harriet Tubman. Image of Richard Durham sitting at his typewriter. https://www.aaihs.org/history-memory-and-the-power-of-black-radio/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2ae0de8b-baa4-4fff-b91b-32e16829295a/download+%283%29.jpg Black Broadcasting Barry White sitting with a sound mixer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d9bc000-6e27-4959-a595-250b4b5eb9ab/57af5648cead0eec89dd223bf714dc48.jpg Black Broadcasting Harold Lee Jackson, the first Black licensed ham radio operator in Canada https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0963b7cc-593a-43b7-923e-d6d5ad2fe4f5/4b56646b484f418ed75e1c13afe703c6.jpg Black Broadcasting Paul Robeson on cover of BBC Radio Times, late Dec. 1933 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d87e3e12-a8c1-4aa2-ad86-e7e6c1c627e8/8898032eb3b4a2c96979afc33f768bca.jpg Black Broadcasting Dorothy Brunson was the first Black woman to own and operate a radio station. She purchased Baltimore station WEBB in 1979 as part of Brunson Communications. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53bcaeab-d749-4f98-9fe5-e39f56c6ee78/de0aaea51e26e5649ebe9561308a1663.jpg Black Broadcasting The SOUL Show on Channel 13, Produced by Ellis Haizlip 1972-1975. Courtesy of Shoes in the Bed Productions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6aca6e0c-6e00-4001-905d-13c9cfc842e3/3dd383fd598f7d0ef752a97e84445acd.jpg Black Broadcasting Nat D. Williams at the mic, interviewing for WDIA. Dr. Ernest C. Withers, Sr. courtesy of the Withers Family Trust. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c316dd5f-f168-40f7-a9c1-21e0e9919e75/d.webp Black Broadcasting Heffernan, Anne. “Hot 103 Jamz, America’s Longest-Running Black-Owned Radio Station.” KCUR, 17 May 2022. https://www.kcur.org/arts-life/2022-05-17/hot-103-jamz-americas-longest-running-black-owned-radio-station Image: Courtesy Of Carter Broadcast Group. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/the-windrush daily 0.75 2025-10-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62b0fe05-a3c5-4f2b-859c-e3e0377212ce/Credit_-__Anthony_Brown__Black_Cultural_Archi.width-1440_JXP34dOr5NIgieA6.jpg The Windrush ''Over A Barrel: Windrush Children, Tragedy and Triumph'' Copyright © Anthony Brown & Black Cultural Archives, 2023 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4169a446-1bdc-4794-8e9f-a83f435c45d4/untitled-7.jpg The Windrush Journey to the Land of Promise, 1953- via Autograph Journeys to Hope Windrush Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fcd661bc-4b8f-41de-a3b6-4151c7024540/untitled-20.jpg The Windrush Train Journey to the Land of Promise, 1 May 1954 - via autograph ''Journeys to Hope Windrush Narratives'' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c873ffe-c815-45dd-9f45-e9f2113178a3/emigrantsarrive.jpg The Windrush “Jamaican Emigrants Arrive: A Thames Greeting” Manchester Guardian, 1948 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc012be6-0012-477b-900f-a805cb5f212d/file-20230531-17-r30h9j.jpg The Windrush https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15aa2bfb-ab42-46de-b7a4-442d9aa867c8/image-asset.jpeg The Windrush https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f41c589c-1445-4638-978f-7be65d4e325e/Empire+Windrush%E2%80%99s+passenger+list+.jpg The Windrush The Empire Windrush’s passenger list (Picture: National Archives) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5f7cf6b5-88ce-4639-8b35-905993b3f73c/vZ1XYdN2pmA7QSeeo24lvGz1KDqt1OjV7rjgZOst.png The Windrush British Online Archives, The Sphere, 1900–1964, “Home News in Pictures, 3 July 1948, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50cc9954-8eba-4769-a884-b14c442ee079/CO-876_88-_6_6-July-1948-Windrush.jpg The Windrush Telegram concerning passengers on the Empire Windrush, 6 July 1948 (Catalogue ref: CO 876/88) - National Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b24413de-a4c6-4757-9b33-ad5817241aef/9ed68b174a07de27053438f5ae5c0f1a.jpg The Windrush An Evening Standard 1948 article highlighting the coming of Windrush to the English shores. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c4a1b32e-45b6-4374-af94-a878f528d14a/AST7-1125-joined.jpg The Windrush Final report from National Assistance Board on the dispersal of Windrush arrivals, 1948. Catalogue ref: AST 7/1125. The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b69a88c0-c7d4-4c67-9248-3b4501bb6af6/CO875-59-1-joined.jpg The Windrush Information booklet called ‘A West Indian in England’ written by H.D. Carberry and Dudley Thompson. The pamphlet was designed to give early immigrants some idea of life in Britain. It was distributed by the Colonial Office to colonies in the Caribbean, 1949-1951. Catalogue ref: CO 875/59/1 . The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f63f7079-2523-4540-940b-a21ca384e265/ena-sullivan-joined.jpg The Windrush Registration of British Nationality for Ena Clare Sullivan. Country of Nationality or Birth: Jamaica, 3 December 1968. Catalogue ref: HO 334/1406/110478. The National archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69ad1b92-ebd4-47a8-971a-4c882473e6f2/LAB26-218_0001-crop.jpg The Windrush A letter from Mr. Hardman at the Ministry of Labour and National Service Department to all Reception Centres for receiving passengers from Empire Windrush, 1948. Catalogue ref: LAB 26/218. The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd3304ab-7685-4f55-a093-37a74ca524f3/Empire+Windrush.jpg.webp The Windrush Windrush passenger lists in the National Maritime Museum collection. Royal Museums Greenwich. By Dr Rodriguez King-Dorset https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6a326af2-27fa-4e21-b310-4e795a68f1a6/Windrush-Land-Card-Passenger-229b.jpg The Windrush Windrush: Arrival and Settlement, Landing Cards. Goldsmiths University of London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e8a5114d-aa85-4d50-a4cd-dfc7bfdb591a/Windrush-Land-Card-Passenger-544.jpg The Windrush Windrush: Arrival and Settlement, Landing Cards. Goldsmiths University of London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69a58abf-0db9-4f1c-9475-d65d36f5f2fe/YsYXga81iAvZuwAX1FVYfVNvb1Ts66bGcS1Epz5X.png The Windrush Windrush Day 2024, British Online Archives (BOA) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2770f083-abbf-461d-bc99-6d1afffe3bf0/1969.jpg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0fd8ebaf-c3b0-4c50-a452-3897af3d44af/c.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/646abbae-53cc-4e4c-98ca-cf5d8029f159/e.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/58209c32-1aea-4d84-9006-cd6426cdcb93/g.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b565d07-746e-4b38-8c56-4e627399a608/i.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0fbcac3b-c128-435b-8f7e-deb326110c12/k.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f950ff8b-8f91-4d43-acc3-607fdbaa62fd/untitled-13.jpg The Windrush An RAF recruiting officer speaks to a group of men about joining the airforce, Port of Tilbury, 22 June 1948 - via autograph ''Journeys to Hope Windrush Narratives'' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/93a06253-a754-4ae3-8865-34f687f41944/sunday-school-1.jpg The Windrush "Jamaican Heads Sunday School" Press Clipping, Windrush Exhibtions, Telford &Wrekin Libraries. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8fbea23-6d02-4c1f-a977-633401ae30b8/windrush-nursing-team-1.jpg The Windrush Windrush Nursing Team, Community Photograph, Windrush Exhibtions, Telford &Wrekin Libraries. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/924e0aeb-d995-40e6-8f30-7493cd406376/working-christmas-1.jpg The Windrush Working Christmas, Article, Windrush Exhibition, Telford & Wrekin Libraries https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/57ac0759-e1ce-478b-8b8d-3cff5ace3378/we-will-stay-together-1.jpg The Windrush We will stay together, Article, Windrush Exhibition, Telford & Wrekin Libraries. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2ff4d546-8fe4-48f6-8103-a287e0953c41/CO876-88.jpg The Windrush A telegram to Mr Cummings, Colonial Office in London, from Mr Smythe about passengers on the Windrush, 6 June 1948, Catalogue ref: CO 876/88 This telegram was sent on 6th June before the arrival of the Empire Windrush to share information about the passengers. Explain that a telegram is a message that is sent by electricity or radio and then printed and delivered to someone’s home or office. ‘STOP’ was used in the telegram to mean ‘full stop’ as the telegram lacked punctuation marks. The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a5acd1a7-153a-45ea-bf59-7e0e350c7681/AST21-8_crop-a.jpg The Windrush Extract from a Memorandum from the Assistance Board about arrangements for the Windrush passengers, including information about treatment of stowaways. 1948, Catalogue ref: AST 21/8, The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ffbab3e-db63-48f1-b76f-a49dd66ee748/ena-sullivan.jpg The Windrush Registration of British Nationality for Ena Clare Sullivan. Country of Nationality or Birth: Jamaica, 3 December 1968. Catalogue ref: HO 334/1406/110478 "Ena Clare Sullivan was a passenger on the ‘Empire Windrush’ which docked at Tilbury harbour in Essex on 22 June 1948. From her registration of British Nationality we can find out about her life." The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/377d0ffb-405d-4335-9ee5-f954a5706395/2679.jpg The Windrush "The Empire Windrush arrives from Jamaica in 1948. The ship docked at Tilbury in Essex, having sailed from Australia via Jamaica. During the second world war, thousands of men and women from the Caribbean had served in the armed forces, and the Empire Windrush stopped in Jamaica to collect some of them. Many people, having seen the Daily Gleaner newspaper advertising the journey for £28 and 10 shillings (equivalent to over £1,000 today), decided to travel to Britain." Photograph: Daily Herald Archive/SSPL via Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/707021b1-41b7-4e43-af7d-9152013d350b/2508.jpg The Windrush People carry their belongings as they arrive in Southampton Photograph: Bentley/Popperfoto/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/81b1f424-fd80-429a-a2c8-85ecf7ea8cac/2868.jpg The Windrush West Indian people wait in the customs hall at Southampton in June 1956 Photograph: Hulton Deutsch/Corbis via Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5535335d-f5cb-45d2-a1f5-8bfc6eb10f65/2923.jpg The Windrush A woman waits with her luggage at Victoria in 1956 Photograph: Haywood Magee/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4ab7c023-73b1-4495-89f1-6a92de1ee07a/3508.jpg The Windrush A group of women from Jamaica buy train tickets at Gatwick airport in 1962 Photograph: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2d782ea-3025-480d-9372-4543523f0f8e/3673.jpg The Windrush A newly arrived couple travel by train to London Photograph: Haywood Magee/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a4a42e1a-46bd-428a-a8d2-b17a7615a170/3776.jpg The Windrush People consult a newspaper in the Southampton arrivals hall Photograph: Haywood Magee/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4be966e0-2e8a-47f2-a6e4-062ed0045a74/4268.jpg The Windrush Three women wait with their hand luggage at Southampton in 1962 Photograph: Popperfoto/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4cd92fb-6c84-4dcb-91e8-8ba08b8d140c/3349.jpg The Windrush A family disembark from the Begona liner Photograph: Topham Picturepoint/Press Association Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ad65f1a-f55e-4571-b3e3-9fdd88277930/untitled-8.jpg The Windrush Wet Welcome into Southampton Docks, 24 October 1961 - - via Autograph Journeys to Hope Windrush Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c47d4f1c-1d08-474e-8dc1-b2842134bb55/untitled-21.jpg The Windrush Clapham South Deep-Level Shelter, London, 22 June 1948 - via autograph ''Journeys to Hope Windrush Narratives'' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5a643aa1-cafa-4c4b-a83e-1e789d3b8f75/Barrel_Children_Evelyn_Henry_nee_White__Derec.width-1440_rEplnq7lKLHGrYJI.jpg The Windrush Over A Barrel: Windrush Children, Tragedy and Triumph https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd8af3a4-225d-4539-8992-e48c799f567f/windrush_three-windrush-nurses.jpg The Windrush Three “Windrush” nurses https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b24751dd-e631-49d8-986d-e7a2f6f17e44/AST7-1125-joined.jpg The Windrush Final report on Windrush dispersal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c69e4ff1-8867-4307-aba1-6712ca6c72c8/image002_1.jpg.webp The Windrush Windrush passenger lists in the National Maritime Museum collection. Royal Museums Greenwich. By Dr Rodriguez King-Dorset https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d6e79dec-9a81-48d1-b229-a4876078f4d9/b.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/976d19c7-d0c2-4d12-9e13-ac13fec0b2bc/d.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9cd6b03-479e-4f0d-9507-0636961c1fdc/f.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. Photograph: A detail from one of Howard Grey’s newly printed photographs of the last Windrush arrivals at Waterloo Station, London in 1962. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b26613fd-c894-4062-b881-737293271b70/h.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e5af24d8-f58c-4d66-bafd-4d9b9004603c/j.jpeg The Windrush Grey, Howard. 2019. “The Last of the Windrush Arrivals in 1962 – in Pictures.” The Guardian, October 12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ff2494b-de16-4687-a8c1-5e47eccdb2fd/CO137-852-7.jpg The Windrush The part of a letter sent to the Secretary of State for the Colonies concerning working conditions for sugar workers in Jamaica. 26 January 1943, Catalogue ref: CO 137/852/7 This is part of a letter about Jamaican sugar workers who worked on large estate [for Tate and Lyle] where the sugar crop was grown. The Secretary of State for the Colonies, or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet minister in charge of managing the United Kingdom’s various colonies. A colony is a country or territory controlled to by another country. Jamaica at this time was a British colony and gained independence in 1962. The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9c32d3b-182e-4bc6-b5ac-e6969f83f7a7/CO876-88-1.jpg The Windrush Extract from Report by Eric Walrond entitled ‘Negro migrants in Britain, 1947 December-1948 October, Catalogue ref: CO 876/88 Contains original language used at the time which is not appropriate today. The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/11f1f9e6-3db5-4df0-b866-328df527c44c/2610.jpg The Windrush A child takes a nap after a long journey to Victoria station in London Photograph: Daily Herald Archive/SSPL via Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/829e5423-82cc-4069-9ad3-1d29da17626f/3166.jpg The Windrush A family wait at a railway station after arrival Photograph: Evening Standard/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15e048e5-be7f-4434-b43e-62347ef87d39/3370.jpg The Windrush A ship carrying West Indian people arrives at Southampton docks in 1956 Photograph: Haywood Magee/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/00484659-d081-4720-b347-dc84b5f77a01/3644.jpg The Windrush A group of men wait outside the labour exchange in Liverpool in 1949 Photograph: Hulton Deutsch/Corbis via Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68c99a38-4800-4126-bb17-5dcec9dfe19c/3757.jpg The Windrush West Indian people at Victoria station after their journey from Southampton docks Photograph: Haywood Magee/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e7f9b85f-5f4c-4b4b-acb0-8c62e8e2a962/3831.jpg The Windrush Salvation Army charity workers assist new arrivals at Victoria station Photograph: Hulton Deutsch/Corbis via Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/728855fb-3574-4225-a10c-7ef688bf9130/4296.jpg The Windrush A view of the customs hall at Southampton docks in 1962 Photograph: Popperfoto/Getty Images. 'Windrush arrivals embark on a new life in UK – archive photos', Joanna Ruck, The Guardian, Apr 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6151f954-adff-47b5-9607-d43c00056f57/491936891_1263287785797742_8790986836726793006_n.jpg The Windrush On 21 June 1948 HMT Empire Windrush arrived in Britain, carrying 492 Caribbean migrants, the start of the Windrush generation. The Western Morning News describes how 236 of these migrants were then housed in a deep shelter in Clapham. From The British Newspaper Archive. https://bit.ly/3vIfDVy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1bc1eb17-9e51-424d-9d41-d0f3c85beae6/Passenger+List+of+the+Empire+Windrush.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean-articles daily 0.75 2024-02-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9a71c4a7-5bd8-4bcd-bb1b-13fea20f9690/Screenshot+2024-02-19+at+18.40.34.png Caribbean Articles https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/library daily 0.75 2026-01-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/54520d8b-d578-4fe1-a5a7-d1fe5fa4d0c4/Screenshot+2025-03-12+at+23.12.00.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e6b211fd-1080-4a33-8eb8-fa9751bd8f8e/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+22.43.54.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c54b04e9-8909-4d18-a37d-9d5d589ba057/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+19.54.42.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c56beb77-7ca5-4cc3-af5c-4113fdfc44a0/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+22.45.08.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5f46db91-e535-41dc-b52d-5ab17c1b0790/Screenshot+2025-04-09+at+23.03.41.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/59f17a7e-cddf-4380-87a8-be794855eccd/Screenshot+2025-10-31+at+19.35.29.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2cd603c7-cecd-4326-b49c-faad37d89b46/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+22.49.30.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/61f783e7-2eb2-4399-bec3-a6364b08cedc/Screenshot+2024-05-26+at+15.08.56.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/93508b2b-64db-4574-8788-daaba86f0d0e/61j0vIrK82L._AC_UF894%2C1000_QL80_.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a84f8b90-4495-4dae-aa62-1c1e1c3c72c2/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+22.48.03.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a2d5823-b1d3-49d2-afc9-d85dff4c0540/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.43.23.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/020bc7db-823d-451d-8d87-3c47fb4d12f1/1000013706.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97dc2875-51e0-43f3-996c-eb8a5fd6dbd2/Screenshot+2025-11-10+at+22.18.05.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fb52505-ef47-496c-a273-72cbbe2288c6/Screenshot+2024-05-26+at+17.02.21.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6e90c5ba-9f1a-46e5-923c-2c7104bbce23/Screenshot+2025-01-05+at+18.12.55.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/20be0ccc-69a6-43d8-ab5b-4d7672159a67/basket-diviner-Barotse-objects-sorcerer-winnowing-juxtaposition.jpg.webp https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4be0aa66-08c4-40d7-bd0c-4b541fc7052b/Screenshot+2024-05-26+at+15.09.41.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d645880d-d3d6-4378-9cdb-79dc1f3d6439/Screenshot+2024-05-26+at+00.23.19.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/374e4e4d-1b5c-4f79-ac82-89c2f1b0f55c/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+19.53.21.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e1807828-bd36-4126-84d5-a21c2f65d4d6/1740353351717.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/blackness-in-europe daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/213fadb1-975d-4163-9164-0f84a0d3796d/Europeana.eu-9200579-dazt49uc-91103dd9ff6486b6e1936b83c6d60238.jpeg Blackness in Europe A Moorish man with wife. Gouache drawing. Lettering: A Moor Chobedar and his wife. The Welcome Collection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/39719c9d-a5ce-4fa5-9f7c-cad4d951052e/default.jpg Blackness in Europe Painting fragment identified as "Balthazar, the Moorish King", a figure from an "Adoration of the Kings" scene. Attributed to Joos van Cleve, 1600s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f769f371-9845-400d-87e0-8718988d0e04/16529606_p.jpg Blackness in Europe The Corsican flag as it appeared in 1768 before the Battle of Ponte Nuovo. (source: Corse Méditerranée Magazine) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4697afbb-48e6-4f8a-89b7-52d5b2c0ead7/b757e203b7d02518ddd1b2f13b6ae47d.jpg Blackness in Europe A coat of arms featuring a "Moor's head" as its crest. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46b64734-ce81-4d73-97ac-e80e1722a33a/DeliveryManagerServlet.jpeg Blackness in Europe Moorish musician Wilson, G. W. (George Washington), 1823-1893 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ba2ad334-f780-420a-a811-c1a17ebe3fff/Saint_maurice_99.jpg Blackness in Europe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5caa9db7-d54b-4ca5-9466-7a83a72f55ca/218751.jpg Blackness in Europe David Allan, Edinburgh Milkmaid With Butter Churn, circa 1780–90 Courtesy of the National Galleries of Scotland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/92c5d492-9f92-4275-ab79-5ca0696512cf/1000019369.jpg Blackness in Europe A black female lamppost in the House of Black Heads, Riga. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7bccc2fa-851a-4c9d-89cd-ae02be16d0c0/1000019370.jpg Blackness in Europe Close up of the Coat of Arms of the Brotherhood of Blackheads. It shows the face of a Black man, a sword and a cross inside of a shield representing the patron of the brotherhood, Saint Maurice. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9fa95be4-5755-437b-8311-de82e4a7ef49/1000019372.jpg Blackness in Europe Coat of Arms of the Agas family. Source: House of Names. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/873c3e33-9cd4-46b2-a7dd-a61782b8712d/1000019376.png Blackness in Europe Coat of Arms of Pope Benedict XVI featuring the "Moor's head". https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd0fc9bc-5800-4e0a-82fb-2c888f6b5460/1000019378.jpg Blackness in Europe A close-up of “The Apotheosis of Saint Maurice,” painted ceiling in the Assembly Hall inside the House of the Black Heads in Riga. The painting depicts Saint Maurice clad in a suit of armor. An angel has removed his helmet and a lady in blue is handing Maurice a laurel garland, which symbolizes his ascension to the realm of the divine. Right next to him is his coat of arms, the one created for use by the Brotherhood of the Black Heads. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87751590-40fc-426b-9793-b2e0a44d39e0/1000019381.jpg Blackness in Europe A close-up of these two unidentified wall sculptures in the Historical Cellars of the House of the Black Heads in Riga. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be384827-9da5-4da3-96b4-c404c779934c/1000019388.jpg Blackness in Europe A Moorish horseman facing the left, standing and seated Turks in the middle ground, and other horsemen in the background, from 'Figures on Horseback' (Cavaliers nègres, polonais et hongrois) Stefano della Bella, ca. 1651 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ddb930d1-09eb-465f-8566-2964ae15cfa8/saint-maurice-detail.jpg Blackness in Europe Statue of St. Maurice, Magdeburg, Germany, Cathedral of St. Maurice and St. Catherine, choir, ca. 1240-50 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/463c9883-4cef-4893-b16f-7f43691f4442/1000019392.jpg Blackness in Europe Portrait of a Moorish Woman (Paolo Caliari, 1528 - 1588). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53613aa5-e36a-45c3-867c-d90545824553/1000019394.webp Blackness in Europe "Portrait of Catherine, the Mulatta of the Portuguese Bradao" by Albrecht Dürer, 1521. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dffa58a0-4811-4e19-b3c9-d5791a8c08fe/1000019395.webp Blackness in Europe Detail from the painting "The Miracle of the Relic of the Cross at the Ponte di Rialto" by the Italian Renaissance artist Vittore Carpaccio, created around 1496. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a4fc110-e7d6-46d3-9766-c83cc53f04c4/1000019404.jpg Blackness in Europe The coat of arms of the German city of Zwickau, showing the city's patron saint, Saint Maurice. Source: House of Names. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/75b33043-0fa3-4620-b267-d3f817d2127f/Saint_maurice_9.jpg Blackness in Europe Statue reads '' ANNO 1613'' translated to year 1613. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/942966c7-38f3-4e30-bcd4-4bfbaed75f5f/1000019417.jpg Blackness in Europe A miniature painting from the Libro de los juegos ("Book of Games"), commissioned by King Alfonso X of Castile in 1283. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d1b44f96-77d5-4637-bd31-9f1576a9bd8a/1000019409.jpg Blackness in Europe Painting titled "The Moorish Chief" (1878) by Eduard Charlemont. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/82996b7d-81e0-4ea7-be79-098cf589ea5e/1000019412.jpg Blackness in Europe Painting titled The African King Caspar (also known simply as King Caspar), painted by the Dutch artist Hendrik Heerschop, 1654. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a15238b-124b-4636-a5ab-7a70e57a8f5b/1000019410.jpg Blackness in Europe Venetian blackmore statue in antique style. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cca6f0d8-e7f4-4bab-a0d6-f4e1ccb9ad7a/1000019422.jpg Blackness in Europe An illustration of Sir Morien, the Black Knight of King Arthur's Round Table. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3baf71d8-92b3-4b6d-b7e8-c5b1c1bbac9e/1000019366.jpg Blackness in Europe 18th century Moor statue in the House of the Black Heads, Riga. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f7a8b64a-9476-42f0-b628-b9c63d563ecf/sarah-davies-by-camille-silvy-1862-web.jpg Blackness in Europe Camille Silvy, Sarah Forbes Bonetta (Sarah Davies), 15 September 1862. © National Portrait Gallery London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/680b5cdc-246b-4da3-88d7-2c1ef88de848/Ex_libris_de_Balthasar_Edler_von_Plotho_%28....-15..%29_2.JPG Blackness in Europe The ex libris (bookplate) of Balthasar Edler von Plotho, a nobleman from the early 16th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9975260f-7903-49d8-ad1e-28f81510b6cc/fr-co-pp.gif Blackness in Europe Flag of Corsica - Image by Olivier Touzeau, 5 September 2020. ''This representation fits the traditional description of Moorish slaves captured and traded by Christians, or of Moors who occupied for a long time Spain, the south of Portugal, parts of the Mediterranean shore of France and several Corsican villages. In the latter cases, the so-called Moors were not black Africans but Arabs or Islamized natives from Maghreb.'' ''Berthelot and Ceccaldi, quoting the historian Carpacino, believe the headband was a royal symbol. Therefore, the Moor would be a defeated Moorish chief. However, Antonetti points out that Carpacino mentioned the headband as a royal symbol in the Hellenic world only. The heraldist Paillot mentions a tortil, that is a twisted ribbon, and not a headband. The tortil is tied behind the neck where it constitutes two small pieces. The tortil is placed either on the eyes or the forehead. In the arms dated from the 17th-18th centuries, the Moor's head is consistently shown with pearl necklaces and ear pendants. Therefore this Moor was indeed a Moorish woman, most probably a slave. These female representations might have been inspired by the trade of Moorish slaves, which was ruled during the Renaissance by Genoa, then ruler in Corsica'' . https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fe101300-6f18-4b78-aee7-0952c77bdd23/4329165066_88a2abf4b1_w.jpg Blackness in Europe In the Magdeburg Cathedral is the oldest known image depicting Saint Maurice as a Moor ( = Mauritius). The statue is carved around 1250 and shows him as an armoured knight. St.Maurice was a leader of the Theban Legion. Tradition tells, that the complete legion converted to Christianity within the 3rd century - and later got the title "Martyrs of Agaunum". https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/034f6e55-eff6-4618-9eb3-09f948dfacde/06224b_a3361ffb3e5742bbaad7b7ba2e0f1784%7Emv2.jpg.jpeg Blackness in Europe Sir Morien – Black Knight of the Round Table In the image, Sir Morien sports a Bascinet helmet that dates to the 13th Century—right around the time of the Arthurian Romances. “He was all black, even as I tell ye: his head, his body, and his hands were all black, saving only his teeth. His shield and his armour were even those of a Moor, and black as a raven…” - The Saga of Morien. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/95234ead-a68c-4e34-8728-34d72d6c459c/Jesse_Ewing_Glasgow%2C_Jr.jpg Blackness in Europe Jesse Ewing Glasgow Jr. Historical Society of Pennsylvania https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4c92306d-acbe-409f-abfd-9b845c6e8f40/1000019368.jpg Blackness in Europe Two 18th century Moorish sculptures in the House of Black Heads, Riga. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4bc450c-a9a6-458e-9a7c-2bb8371e7a6c/1000019371.jpg Blackness in Europe Chair with the Coat of Arms in the Assembly Room of the House of the Black Heads in Riga. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b392c417-de13-44f4-b33f-b1910fc0285a/1000019373.jpg Blackness in Europe Coat of Arms of the Andrewes family. Source: House of Names. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a49bc585-bcc9-4f52-a1ee-ffb7a2240195/1000019377.jpg Blackness in Europe Coat of Arms of the House of Dürer. Source: The Metropolitan Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9fb7ce8-2cd4-4c05-8025-9438247e2a34/1000019380.jpg Blackness in Europe A close-up of the Black Heads Coat of Arms on the painted ceiling of the Assembly Hall inside of the House of the Black Heads in Riga. The Coat of Arms, a cross, sword and the head of a black man, was created by the Brotherhood of the Black Heads to represent their patron, Saint Maurice. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e32896d5-18d7-4501-a823-bfd4516abccd/1000019382.jpg Blackness in Europe House of the Black Heads in Old Town Riga's Town Hall Square featuring the Brotherhood of the Black Head's patron, Saint Maurice. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/61e94570-e3bd-484f-a149-7e47cea51a31/1000019390.jpg Blackness in Europe Moorish Guard by Edwin Lord Weeks, ca. 1878 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fd3c8c6-ba0e-4fae-a37f-d0af22642b00/1000019401.jpg Blackness in Europe In center, black trumpeter John Blanke, at the Westminster Tournament Roll (1511). Image from United Kingdom National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ab4a43b0-26c4-40bd-b934-819151c454fe/1000019407.jpg Blackness in Europe “Meeting of Saint Erasmus of Formiae and Saint Maurice” by Matthias Grünewald (1517-1523) These two saints lived in different centuries. The painting was intended to reflect the importance of the two men. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e5ccf175-3dd9-46d0-8475-d7ff4ec9ea47/1000019402.jpg Blackness in Europe A historical illustration related to the Schembartlauf, a traditional carnival from 15th and 16th-century Nuremberg, Germany. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ba1322f4-24c3-4055-8e6a-95edfa3e22b8/1000019406.jpg Blackness in Europe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ceb32e61-372c-4f80-9d2f-dcc7c226741f/1000019397.jpg Blackness in Europe Drawing by Albrecht Dürer titled "Portrait of an African Man", 1508. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4427cafd-3498-445e-8dd3-b6b3d53e72e7/1000019398.jpg Blackness in Europe A 16th-century oil painting by an anonymous Flemish painter, often referred to as "Chafariz d'El-Rey" or "The King's Fountain". It depicts a bustling scene in front of the Chafariz de El-Rei (King's Fountain) in Lisbon, Portugal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b48e34ba-d699-4665-af35-917a4d034442/1000019408.jpg Blackness in Europe The coat of arms of the Hasbrouck family. Source: Hasbrouck Family Association. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/894709fb-d153-4417-89ee-88057e241bb4/1000019415.jpg Blackness in Europe Unidentified Black Knight of Holy Roman Empire in 800 AD. His flag - of the Holy Roman Empire https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e865e55c-570b-4878-957c-e04b073e5c24/1000019418.jpg Blackness in Europe A detail from the medieval German tapestry known as "The Wild Men and the Moors". 1440. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6694769c-f5fe-4b68-8f39-d06ab2f5efeb/1000019421.jpg Blackness in Europe Detail of a painting titled The Adoration of the Magi by the artist Joos van Cleve. 1525. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/392de832-9289-4bed-b100-00806a8d8ad2/1000019413.jpg Blackness in Europe Moorish man and woman in hard-paste porcelain by Jacob Petit, 1840 circa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/67289d7b-3d3a-4b50-84e8-c306ed138b03/1000019416.jpg Blackness in Europe Head of a black man. Mezzotint by A.F. Girard, 1839, after a mezzotint. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/91a598c7-8973-414e-9e67-05982f5af2f0/1000019414.jpg Blackness in Europe A photograph titled "A Moorish Lady", depicting an Algerian woman. By A. Chauffeur, 1880s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/699b3a5e-590e-48f5-b09b-e2a76654a4f2/1000019367.jpg Blackness in Europe A close up of the exterior iconography of the House of the Black Heads in Old Town Riga's Town Hall Square featuring the Brotherhood of the Black Head's patron, Saint Maurice. By Diana Petterson, 2022. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775052853147-ORK1M5NHNE86HSKZGF5X/sarah-forbes-web.jpg Blackness in Europe Camille Silvy, Sarah Forbes Bonetta, Brighton, 1862. Courtesy of Paul Frecker collection/The Library of Nineteenth-Century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/59426bff-7c26-4cc2-a841-c3b83cbfd96d/image030-2.jpg Blackness in Europe rms of the Anglo-Corsican King (1794-’96) As on the shield of The Marine Office / Scagno di Marina. (Coll. Museum Bastia). The dexter arms are those of King George III and the motto reads: AMICI E NON DI VENTURA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/25ee485a-60e7-40a2-90a1-72af732b0636/1000019374.jpg Blackness in Europe Coat of Arms of the Annesley family. Source: House of Names. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/64305cd2-ebcd-4db4-946e-195475d70efa/1000019384.jpg Blackness in Europe Coat of Arms of the Borthwick family. Source: The House of Names. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46bcbd50-7388-453f-b84e-a093cb448a08/1000019396.jpg Blackness in Europe Painting titled Portrait of an African Man (also known as Portrait of a Moor) by Dutch Renaissance painter Jan Mostaert around 1525–1530. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e79f594e-1542-4241-a8b4-ac0a3e6024c4/1000019403.jpg Blackness in Europe The Sibyl Agrippina" (also known as Sibyl Aegyptia), produced around the 1630s by Abraham Janssens. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7e8d742-50b7-491f-b5d7-9371c12163ab/1000019399.jpg Blackness in Europe A portrait traditionally believed to be of Abram Petrovich Gannibal (c.1696-1781). According to research by Natalya Teletova, the painting is not of Gannibal: rather, it shows a general Ivan Ivanovich Möller-Sakomelsky (1725-1790). The order he is wearing was created after the death of Abram Gannibal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/86c14cb8-33dd-43fb-8fc5-ed1cf4a5b5cc/1000019405.jpg Blackness in Europe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c0a703b3-3f0e-46dd-b407-16845923df95/1000019400.jpg Blackness in Europe Portrait of Angelo Soliman (Mmadi Make, 1721 - 1796) by Johann Gottfried Haid. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fe49a2eb-b0ce-4810-b4a0-5c423afff288/1000019393.jpg Blackness in Europe Portrait of Alessandro de Medici "The Moor", the first duke of Florende, by Girolamo Macchietti https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f5f2fd4-9721-48d5-a1d8-15d8edaebb19/1000019375.jpg Blackness in Europe Coat of Arms of the Ashford family. Source: House of Names. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/52a9cd85-5ad9-4a12-bd63-255b18e32a3d/1000019385.jpg Blackness in Europe Coat of Arms of the Blackmore family. Source: House of Names. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/748cd6fa-df12-420b-ae84-dc09374f0b47/Screenshot+2025-07-30+at+16.10.32.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-artists daily 0.75 2026-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87ec598b-d708-4fb6-89cc-a523ef979865/kahliljoseph_blknws3_COVER-800x450.jpeg Black Artists Kahlil Joseph, 'BLKNWS,' 2018; 2-channel broadcast, Installation view at the Cantor Arts Center. (Courtesy of Cantor Arts Center) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bcad93c1-7b3b-4c67-8f8b-05b26c3b2686/e0294f89-bea6-471b-9d53-e9c81c75a137_mo3.jpg Black Artists Untitled, 1986, signed and dated (on the underside), burnished terracotta, height 32cm. Photo © Sotheby's https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38bd5f14-9fb5-4d2d-b2d6-760eb41bd124/880_526x395.jpg Black Artists Sonia Boyce’s Missionary Position I, pastel on paper, 1985, 77.5 x 103 cm (30 1/2 x 40 1/2”) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/410f2ce1-bc77-4f0f-877d-f31a406830c6/for+y%28our%29+loved+ones+%282025%29.jpg Black Artists for y(our) loved ones (2025) - digital collage. - Baaba Andrews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/814a753b-9954-43ce-b6e1-aaf02279167c/my+time+is+your+home+%282024%29.jpg Black Artists my time is your home (2024) - digital collage.- Baaba Andrews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5187aae9-1264-48fa-a4ab-b565d6535825/acts+of+tenderness+%282024%29.jpg Black Artists acts of tenderness (2024) - digital collage. - Baaba Andrews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0061bb45-4814-4df7-a877-a584728dc72d/Lubaina+Himid%2C+Man+in+a+Magic+Drawer%2C+2025_.jpg Black Artists Himid, Lubaina. (2025). Man in a Magic Drawer [Charcoal and acrylic on found wood]. Hollybush Gardens, Clerkenwell, London, United Kingdom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d021d9a8-00b7-44f4-9151-8ed1f6514e0e/Nellie+Mae+Rowe%2C+Untitled+%28Voting%29%2C+1970s_.jpg Black Artists Rowe, Nellie Mae. (ca. 1970s). Untitled (Voting) [Color photograph, crayon, pencil, and colored pencil on cardboard]. Estate of Nellie Mae Rowe/ Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, New York, United States. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c5e95c56-7ca2-4f1a-96d0-998b8dae3e43/Myrlande+Constant%2C+Danbhalah+Hw%C3%A9d+et+A%C3%AFdah+W%C3%A9do%2C+early+1990%E2%80%99s_.jpg Black Artists Constant, Myrlande. (ca. 1990s). Danbhalah Hwéd et Aïdah Wédo [Sequins, foam, textile, and beads]. Collection of Nancy Josephson. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/04ac186f-cb0d-47af-ae43-7e3887d7918b/Sargent+Claude+Johnson%2C+Forever+Free%2C+1933_.jpg Black Artists Johnson, Sargent Claude. (1933). Forever Free [Paint and wood]. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California, United States. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea9e2cef-b25c-44a4-873b-9d9873ebfbc3/Sam+Nhlengethwa%2C+The+Jazz+Festival%2C+2003_.jpg Black Artists Nhlengethwa, Sam. (2003). The Jazz Festival [Oil and collage on canvas]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9b987263-c71c-461f-a843-32772632bf3c/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+8.09.37+PM.png Black Artists 7'' Jamaican Woman Face, Wooden Statue https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7cf61156-7ab6-4f1d-8a3d-30df0ea1c5fe/Edna-Manley-Negro-Aroused-1935-scaled.jpg Black Artists Edna Manley, Negro Aroused, 1935, mahogany wood, 63.5 cm high (National Gallery of Jamaica, Kingston) © the artist’s estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3203b5d0-e198-4bc3-b7ff-c32e5249a2f2/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.35.41+PM.png Black Artists Christopher Gonzales – Man Arisen (1966) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b0135f0-fd9f-4cf4-b746-51df62ac8d6b/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.33.38+PM.png Black Artists Alvin Marriott – Banana Cutter, 1955 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/02788373-4c58-416a-a10f-255fb6397632/82-005lw-father-abraham-c-1955.jpeg Black Artists Mallica “Kapo” Reynolds – Father Abraham (c1955), Larry Wirth Collection, NGJ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/374bafbd-06d8-4b9c-8847-8534f1d79c2c/alvin-marriott.jpeg Black Artists ALVIN MARRIOTT (1902 - 1992) Untitled (Head of a Man) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ba10f72e-1140-4f41-a664-2690447ecfb3/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.58.37+PM.png Black Artists William “Woody” Joseph – Group of standing figures (1980s, various collections) National Gallery of Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a429556-73ab-4b82-9ec4-c4540e2ec514/7-2.jpeg Black Artists Ted Williams – Mahogany Form – Bass Solo (c 2006) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a7b2dac-1fbb-4c22-b7c5-c59ad91a58c8/bogle-full-smaller-image.jpeg Black Artists Edna Manley - Paul Bogle (1965), Photograph: Amador Packer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f40d6938-80a0-4de6-87ea-cc53b50662e1/Eve++Edna+Manley+%281900%E2%80%931987%29++Sheffield+Museums-+Graves+Gallery.jpeg Black Artists Eve - Edna Manley (1900–1987) Sheffield Museums- Graves Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd3e6a5e-09b9-4c54-838a-6bba8156c366/Gene+Pearson+Untitled%2C+ca.+1990s+.jpeg Black Artists Gene Pearson Untitled, ca. 1990s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c76ddf61-dd32-4d4c-976b-99e8a4fdf70e/gene-pearson-mother-1992.jpeg Black Artists Gene Pearson – Mother (1992), bronze, Aaron and Marjorie Matalon Collection, NGJ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c0d72f0c-540e-427e-962b-fbfebe1a076a/shaka.gif Black Artists SHAKA Gene Pearson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a962cd6-c861-4301-8500-2471d985a6e2/kahliljoseph.jpeg Black Artists Kahlil Joseph: BLKNWS 58th Venice Biennale – May You Live in Interesting Times May 11 – November 24, 2019 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fcac5563-8236-4bf8-a7d3-16c8317ee4ed/IMAGE+3+OdundoPracticeBW_Fig3+and+2_a0265659-95e2-460a-ab5d-061c3c9accf5.png Black Artists Magdalene Odundo’s hand-building method Photo: Stephen Brayne Right: The artist's smoothing method © Ben Boswell https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/64a30563-f250-4b46-b944-834632eb9fb9/into+something+that+shines+%282024%29.jpg Black Artists into something that shines (2024) - digital collage. - Baaba Andrews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15003806-d039-46a1-acac-cf8a6e8b9365/to+my+feelings+%282022%29.jpg Black Artists to my feelings (2022) - analogue collage.- Baaba Andrews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c77e46c-936a-4ba5-bbdb-abc4f373cae6/a+fugitive+act+of+wonder+%282023%29.jpg Black Artists a fugitive act of wonder (2023) -, mixed media collage. - Baaba Andrews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf0616ef-dbbc-4257-856f-a1d8488abbd2/Sargent+Claude+Johnson%2C+Head+of+a+Negro+Woman%2C+1935_.jpg Black Artists Johnson, Sargent Claude. (1935). Head of a Negro Woman [Terracotta]. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California, United States. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d77114c-b419-41c4-8e5b-c9ff0db0a17e/Lubaina+Himid%2C+Repair+Jobs%2C+2025_.jpg Black Artists Himid, Lubaina. (2025). Repair Jobs [Acrylic and charcoal on linen]. Hollybush Gardens, Clerkenwell, London, United Kingdom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/33d53638-4458-475e-a213-06d8dd530de5/Myrlande+Constant%2C+Drapeau+vaudou+pour+le+Marasa+Guinin%2C+undated_.jpg Black Artists Constant, Myrlande. (Undated). Drapeau vaudou pour le Marasa Guinin [Thread, sequins, pearls, and satin]. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80d24a80-67a6-41ad-ad3a-cbcdf5f3658c/Seyni+Awa+Camara%2C+Untitled+%28Janus%29%2C+2019_.jpg Black Artists Camara, Seyni Awa. (2019). Untitled (Janus) [Terracotta]. Magnin-A, Paris and White Cube, London, United Kingdom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dde42bea-496d-4893-8b39-21cc0a50666a/Nellie+Mae+Rowe%2C+Green+and+Black+Hen%2C+1980_.jpg Black Artists Rowe, Nellie Mae. (1980). Green and Black Hen [Mixed media on paper]. Works on Paper Collection, Art & Artifacts Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York, New York, United States. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f76c55c1-d3d0-4418-a506-6e804dafcdc8/Sam+Nhlengethwa%2C+Winnie+waiting+for+Madibe%2C+2018_.jpg Black Artists Nhlengethwa, Sam. (2018). Winnie waiting for Madibe [Mixed media on canvas]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd26fb2b-5606-4b85-853b-49cc096c9522/Seyni+Awa+Camara%2C+detail+of+Untitled+%28Janus%29%2C+2019_.jpg Black Artists Camara, Seyni Awa . (2019). detail of Untitled (Janus) [Terracotta]. Magnin-A, Paris and White Cube, London, United Kingdom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8b655974-b357-4ecd-9113-5f7673cca3e8/Althea+McNish%2C+Orina%2C+c_1960s_.jpg Black Artists McNish, Althea. (ca. 1960s). Orina [Screen-printed on cotton]. Designed by Althea McNish for Danasco. William Morris Gallery, Walthamstow, London, United Kingdom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4f70169-c36d-42bb-9589-77b0ae06221b/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+8.10.11+PM.png Black Artists Jamaican Folk Art Sculpture of Three Faces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94efe338-1511-4e59-8833-b30171230032/edna-manley-beadseller-2.jpg Black Artists Edna Manley, Beadseller, 1922, bronze (National Gallery of Jamaica, Kingston) © the artist’s estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3821e278-a0a3-44ab-bc54-1a5cbb06fe47/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.36.07+PM.png Black Artists Ronald Moody – Tacet (1938) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b00f523-96ba-44e1-b09f-469a8f0908ae/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.33.59+PM.png Black Artists Untitled. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2730db69-2581-4281-a0ed-94c0c5ce0e24/alvin-marriott-banana-man-rgb.jpeg Black Artists Alvin Marriott – Banana Man (1955), Collection: NGJ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/37575e44-8a16-4a87-9362-fd47abf87381/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+8.00.16+PM.png Black Artists Mallica ‘Kapo’ Reynolds – All Women Are Five Women (c1965, Larry Wirth Collection, NGJ) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6a406e26-9df7-472a-8cd3-c122c58aa7a5/12.jpeg Black Artists David Miller Jnr – Head, 1958 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bcda5209-b5cb-4d06-90fc-38745ec8c162/Bronze-Jpeg-1116x1536.jpeg Black Artists Edna Manley, Negro Aroused (bronze cast), 1982, 78 cm high (The David Boxer/Oynx Foundation Collection National Gallery of Jamaica, Kingston) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94d8ce44-aba9-48f1-8e7b-e0e2c90679b7/Sanofa+Gene+Pearson.jpeg Black Artists Sanofa Gene Pearson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c28361f-c48a-4561-a489-31f41ff5f05a/Bumpy+Head+Gal.jpeg Black Artists Bumpy Head Gal - Gene Pearson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b3aba415-c28c-4b4f-a7aa-dfd2f437c872/Gene+Pearson+%E2%80%93+Sculptured+Pot+%281987%29%2C+Collection-+NGJ%2C+Gift+of+Ken+and+Patricia+Ramsay.jpeg Black Artists Gene Pearson – Sculptured Pot (1987), Collection: NGJ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9dbf4088-8fef-4ca9-b231-31b8dabaf192/jamaica+sun+gene.gif Black Artists Jamaica Sun Gene Pearson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bacfb79a-2e3a-4c58-a46b-0ed470759109/jc7v9Vc8fYkQRwka8XBr68-1600-80.jpg Black Artists Zizipho Poswa, Hathor, Kemet, 2022, glazed earthenware, bronze (Image credit: Hayden Phipps and Southern Guild) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdf115e4-d6d5-4a0f-8369-3ceb3ca81648/Denzil+Forrester%2C+detail+of+Pappy+Show%2C+1983_.jpg Black Artists Forrester, Denzil. (1983). Detail of Pappy Show [Oil on linen]. Stephen Friedman Gallery, London, United Kingdom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea13200b-a07f-49cb-8553-c00ac1cabb95/ManleyImage4-scaled.jpg Black Artists Edna Manley, Negro Aroused, 1935, mahogany wood, 63.5 cm high (National Gallery of Jamaica, Kingston) © the artist’s estate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5cf34675-4f8e-4e97-95dd-2dd8ba215fbb/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.36.30+PM.png Black Artists David Miller Snr – Talisman c 1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a6466be-ff64-4677-a2e1-c6f2866cc08f/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.34.23+PM.png Black Artists Roy Lawrence – Market Scene, 1972 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c6768361-e68b-44c1-9de7-62bd5a963ea5/alvin_marriott_boysie_1962_adscott_coll_ngj-small.jpeg Black Artists Alvin Marriott - Boysie 1962 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f371f498-0412-4c30-b8b0-b97456c6692e/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+8.02.25+PM.png Black Artists Mallica “Kapo” Reynolds – The Flame (1971), Larry Wirth Collection, NGJ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f2de0cf-98e6-438c-843d-561c1a78d524/KpcjhjhvqbWh9mdk9Lrbmk-1600-80.jpg Black Artists Zizipho Poswa, Songhai, Gao, 2022
, glazed earthenware, bronze (Image credit: Hayden Phipps and Southern Guild) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4773d68-8b81-4e18-b49c-56c2cfc9f343/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.37.46+PM.png Black Artists Namba Roy – Accompong Madonna (c1958) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d79a548e-7700-4448-9e95-9e382d77561c/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+7.35.06+PM.png Black Artists Edna Manely – Negro Aroused, 1982 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83b5d582-f990-4cfd-9c2c-a21cd5d3f867/collins-leigh-2.jpg Black Artists Simone Leigh, Loophole of Retreat (detail), 2019. Concrete blocks and sound, 6 min. 44 sec., dimensions variable. Courtesy the artist and Luhring Augustine, New York. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee7ebd17-d39a-4eb1-9603-7fe868a7968b/collins-leigh-1.jpg Black Artists Simone Leigh, Jug, 2019. Bronze, 84 1/2 x 49 1/2 x 48 3/4 inches. Courtesy the artist and Luhring Augustine, New York. Photo: David Heald © 2019 The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ebc11f71-855f-46eb-96e3-448bdb248536/fromtarzanwomensface.width-420.jpg Black Artists Sonia Boyce, From Tarzan to Rambo... detail 1987 © Sonia Boyce https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99de85df-31f0-41ef-b498-538a75e9de1e/boycedetail02cropresize.width-840.jpg Black Artists Sonia Boyce, From Tarzan to Rambo... detail 1987 © Sonia Boyce https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd8e7223-4b7f-436f-b1ce-dfb386204240/fromtarzantarzan.width-340.jpg Black Artists Sonia Boyce From Tarzan to Rambo... 1987, detail © Sonia Boyce https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d53410d1-4b72-4e9a-a785-9bd4cefe6477/GL_GM_3500-001.jpg Black Artists “Timespan” by Tam Joseph ~ photo by Amanda Flynn https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/373c9e5e-83a2-436a-85e4-4bfdb6519b02/SHEF_MSH_VIS_5202-001.jpg Black Artists Tam Joseph Born in Dominica – came to London in 1955 Sheffield Museums https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a7a7fb1-d481-4192-ba8e-af04922caccf/0115nyrev-openerofili01.jpg Black Artists Chris Ofili, Ovid-Actaeon, 2011–12, oil and charcoal on linen, 125″ x 78″. ©CHRIS OFILI/COURTESY THE ARTIST, DAVID ZWIRNER, NEW YORK AND LONDON, AND VICTORIA MIRO, LONDON/ COLLECTION OF ROBERT AND ANNE-CECILIE SPEYER, NEW YORK https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3c8d9418-8394-4ba6-b69f-682b79638697/Untitled-Afronude.jpg Black Artists Untitled (Afronude), 2007 The Studio Museum in Harlem; gift of Chris Ofili - AFROCO https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/notes daily 0.75 2026-03-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f97a3927-03f6-4770-a85a-38885eb9d37f/tumblr_m892wi8UDk1qjh37to1_640.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8aeeddc0-1494-412d-9e57-80fb4837d6a2/fe1c4ca909b26ab9134c0657aa14e72c.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/649f3762-65dd-47a6-9c9f-a37671439705/7d4af1e7099f554bd0d1d12668958236.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/145598a4-1ee6-44fb-a352-3379ee307de1/5272c172f99ef2ea783de8d9ad874202.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/01578f0f-1cba-4205-9d0e-c9ce9e91f8e6/d56cd1602f53f9eec8a7241db2088e25.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90da02e6-afa3-4c76-920c-77b54f418b72/0cec939dc5246cd48432f2dec547bb14.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a6f0722-b1b6-4528-8e25-b89937ce9798/Examples-of-Hadza-foods.tif.png 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9da5a1c8-b98b-4e74-abd9-57e72487f496/tumblr_82bae48d8a7a131001f814e4ca543702_5a5cbd88_500.gif 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fe60d503-58fc-44a7-9d0a-6bf2b12af8d1/Screenshot+2021-08-20+at+07.21.57.png 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/482f59af-acbb-4c0f-a787-e71667f0a297/a9fa903a7572b5cfd666adff2985a9f7.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/96b54c48-6420-4944-aa90-c1ef009326c6/a4b87e122e259786a731a9c77de0ae92.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/363b4b9e-509e-45f6-a7a7-1a6ec8efb5d9/8e2cbe4999a0f121a1ce43542c8f5499.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/26a7ed7d-f37f-46f6-9b72-b49cc4b00c8b/f6451c4a41b16b57010a283aeabfa730.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5793f7e7-1f04-485f-827a-5ca2043aecf8/a8ca7a01cf5b6ac8495227610a705ec6.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/366644b3-949f-4648-98df-961820a045b7/ded6aefd8f6f0129f10069851cfd29cb.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ca8dd49-a256-49eb-a60e-9d43645040a8/bfb5aa2b9750e6770a472530fe88f262.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e212c2b-79d2-4ec3-b1b3-b8702514e495/f985e41536da57df49f1c3d0468ff5a8.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd1e0daa-0234-455a-be2b-1893ef02d4eb/616ed6bfbc3a4e4afa8cc7f1dfa064b3.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca3b6e50-7dcd-46b5-a91c-ba79b1b3bf93/ab6ae2d1448dbf846c92c5c8d81b7dc5.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c83d6ca3-22ee-4c02-8bce-b8ac33b1a388/native-methods-of-carrying-loads-throughout-western-and-central-liberia-2c1cb5-640-2.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/caa89cc4-0597-465e-909c-a7fe805ebed2/Screenshot+2025-11-20+at+17.33.31.png 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2ef9993a-3c95-4b56-8640-6bab8be50937/2f07a621514b6a7d97347ada5a7fe7ea.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/05dd8d5b-7b40-41cf-ac80-a507a0fd269a/d62c84bedf286921d919daf0a94d8fea.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62693eb6-be1a-40b6-9d5d-7309364636eb/e528e7ec6226580be0fe33c2b0350a08.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7451d54b-ea62-45c7-bea0-044bb5c37b0a/9dea4742f33a3dc5496b375a9d52bf7e.webp 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9bc4942c-5e64-438e-b4c9-e5920b2b4859/362a35bd6bdd4be539588152ced47e41.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/278280dd-6381-464a-b468-0830780c17be/163334510e99c07e1f3e2e6f5778f65c.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/44415d73-94f3-405f-9d10-009c214a5355/82fa8fa7517ba8bb09c3a8a24a5681c2.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a116868c-89e2-4b81-af42-fae12315e1db/76f664d0d4c6a862598a130407226eff.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/20956a77-6d6e-4250-abef-1637d049e531/Using-broom-to-prepare-ewedu-soup-endangers-your-life-medical-expert-warns.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1cd04ada-0499-4ebf-bd62-265c8bdf7637/tumblr_934dc511f3c5cfbe3977c96dcbcf8a4d_5acfa97b_640.gif 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8b5d53d0-9f9a-4119-8027-f7c8f42f4e2d/Screenshot+2021-08-20+at+07.37.34+2.png 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/386b12d4-c483-4d5f-b884-ad425adc713f/ff7e7fa509a3d15908ea84fda52a2d57.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/692a64b1-f3ab-4ec0-ab97-00111ada70d3/868113f61dd3704be83af1b7024ec236.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d1d58d36-eef3-47a5-aad9-daa10c60fbdf/81647060671fc2ad79e68e85265a53f5.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0fd02568-1805-46d6-b52e-51c6ca171030/f33fc0a2281532118e3579394bf3f364.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8a7379ec-dd52-4615-ade4-4ccae9ed260b/cc48a9f567fd228aca56600c35fa0457.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3d580005-6111-4f2a-b0b2-3b2d93b8a6d7/b7cc502715851fb718d1d40deb822fb2.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a15590c9-1f10-44c5-81f7-a508cbedebe5/f836b9ede68e75e9fd41f67ce4c10f9a.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d68fb3b-c79a-4ff5-958c-f167f5d2dd4d/578c29dadf9e1ce87c38d733f23499bb.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce170f6a-0c59-4c05-b7b3-9e69d5f600c5/6b340d9d5fbd383edab289d113c73f66.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d9bdf3d-7176-4db3-b4ab-565129b1539d/e91a24a56424a23cd4bff93dacac813f.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9623b8e2-f503-4ca0-9551-b9a5529a3f8a/photograph-from-under-the-african-sun-a-description-of-native-races-in-uganda-cca0aa-1024.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4df85d3b-f7dd-432b-ab0f-fe22d741bc07/CUR.60.73.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/727fe317-20cf-4b9e-9b82-c0f3efcfadf6/870e3e5a425010da26d33f00d6b3bea7.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87653b1d-a783-410e-b96e-fbbf3c8d850b/cd0c4cc91e2f23d64cf355785a387585.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8165254d-657c-4498-9e8f-73ca267f5be1/496fbc468b5eb8ecf10503ac38d0e053.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69f76da3-776e-41aa-bb20-3c51244419c2/470afcb36935f17cd25e9fdd28d46e1a.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d49d547-30af-437d-958c-b99766c071a1/hq720.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9798d12f-436e-4336-b7f6-af8aa870882b/cfc153262bf0aa8e82a33a8c3c82182d.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/796c339e-8475-4127-bc95-81b60d19ebb4/493931e530b913c30ad07b6759468255.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3520d1b3-ca08-4913-bc7e-0c96a30fcef4/Screenshot+2021-09-30+at+11.37.04+2.png 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8216cfff-c1f8-403f-a02b-f0d34ba17134/3cc60cd16c0ffe24fd01b5a9c35236fd.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a32ea721-6d36-412c-b02c-31b9520b0003/aa99c551cbbae41711180f0f9743756f.jpg 'Notes' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/81217938-9257-4189-ac86-ea45178b7354/4674b1af2788c994835f3b138ba04e32.jpg 'Notes' https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/maroon daily 0.75 2026-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c54fb382-5b6d-4a9f-8e35-c46645246355/Ndy19s.jpg Maroon The Ndyuka people ( one of the Maroon peoples living in Suriname and French Guiana ). - Taken in Suriname during 1919. - Blaer, Captain Johann. Personal diary. Dutch Cpt. Blaer led an expedition from Pernambuco to supress Palmares (1645). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46d381bd-e822-47bc-b675-c7e5a25b67dd/Body_of_Maroon_child_brought_before_medicine_man%2C_1955.jpg Maroon Ndyuka man bringing the body of a child before a shaman. Suriname, 1955 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7381696-32b3-4b8a-89a9-d993bce18664/Maroon+village%2C+Suriname+River%2C+1955.jpg Maroon Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/475f06dd-895f-4346-9484-a284f3d6650f/701303320815496881.jpg Maroon Maroon men in Suriname, picture taken between 1910 and 1935 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94dfd1a8-1b62-49bc-8c23-d6f63a927a66/Saramaka%2C+Saamaka+or+Saramacca%5Bnote+1%5D+are+one+of+six+Maroon+peoples+%28formerly+called+%2522Bush+Negroes%2522%29+in+the+Republic+of+Suriname+and+one+of+the+Maroon+peoples+in+French+Guiana.+.jpg Maroon Saramaka man, photo c.1910, from Sir Harry H. Johnson's The Negro in the New World Saramaka, Saamaka or Saramacca are one of six Maroon peoples (formerly called "Bush Negroes") in the Republic of Suriname and one of the Maroon peoples in French Guiana. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/674cd9ac-0378-46df-a2df-8733dfce8c65/tropenmuseum_royal_tropical_institute_objectnumber_10019375_portret_van_een_marron_vrouw_voor_haa.jpg Maroon Portrait of a Maroon woman in front of her hut, dressed in Pangi. Image Source: Tropenmuseum, part of the National Museum of World Cultures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3752a83c-9dc7-46cd-ab46-6840fb0cf6e8/unnamed.gif Maroon Saramaccan of Suriname https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7ea77f9a-1a02-4786-a213-b616d05bc16c/DSC09025.JPG Maroon Saramaccan marriage/wedding https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/59d65238-3a7a-4d05-9783-03ced6caa304/Saramaccan+washing+and+bathing+in+a+rive+at+Drepada%2C+a+small+Saramaccan+village+located+close+to+Brokopondo%2CSuriname..JPG Maroon Saramaccan washing and bathing in a rive at Drepada, a small Saramaccan village located close to Brokopondo,Suriname. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dc5ef276-9d8d-4de7-9102-6fc91aa3bc1a/unnamed.jpg Maroon a woman who is supposed to be possessed by a snake's spirit (which is rather serious) is the center of elaborate rituals involving offerings and the herbal bath shown on the photo during the day and (wild) dancing during the night. The village Santigron in Suriname (along the Saramacca river yet not far from Paramaribo) is one of Surinames Maroon villages, i.e. villages of descendants of 18th Century run-away slaves. Unlike in Brazil or Jamaica, some 20,000 Maroons are still living in Suriname 's rain-forest having retained their most original and traditional Afro-American culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d067671b-4236-435c-8f2d-e12159a247ae/unnamed-1.jpg Maroon Samaraka dancer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e14a9df-7edc-42db-8be9-ab7de5b75b81/An+elder+of+the+Santi+Ground+community%2C+Saramaka%2C+and+another+member+of+the+community.jpg Maroon An elder of the Santi Ground community, Saramaka, and another member of the community https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f10fe3a4-8692-4a6c-b325-e164b1397691/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+22.41.36.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/tainoarawak daily 0.75 2026-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bcfa1edc-faa8-40c5-90d0-f4bdcee626d8/13_n04469_harrington_baracoa_1915_med_res_nmai.jpg.webp Taino/Arawak "An Indigenous woman (likely Luisa Gainsa) and child near Baracoa, Cuba, 1919. The story of eastern Cuba's Indigenous communities is increasingly coming to light as researchers uncover historical records and archeological data to document the survival and adaptations of the island's Indigenous peoples." (Photo by Mark Raymond Harrington) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/257b5fa1-1dd9-48ad-9c76-94033cdb74f3/Arawak-dance.png Taino/Arawak Two Arawakan men dancing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/101e8553-6e32-4b0b-b07e-75006fe31822/352779_00fd4eaade5d40f68837e1efe5ea1ed4%7Emv2.jpg Taino/Arawak Taino Mother & Daughter Outside of their Bohio 1900s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6e54795c-5bcd-475f-a6e5-7bfb18cde996/Arawak_Indians-240x400.jpg Taino/Arawak Arawak Indians, British Guiana (now Guyana), in South America. From On Land and Sea – on Green and River a book by Henry W Case. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/932ac2f0-e244-4ac4-a514-d7f4ca1ad3ff/canoe_jpg.jpg Taino/Arawak "Taínos travelling in a canoe. From Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, La historica general de las Indias, Seville, Cromberger, 1535." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/235a7295-a707-4f7d-86f9-6d69d4db1340/352779_a3ba373624fa46d9a63769f4e1b775ad%7Emv2.png Taino/Arawak Cheverez Family Elder Making Taino Pottery-1980s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e75fb38f-4575-42a0-b854-616fa83d7a52/352779_d69b4c46d8344fe1a4cacee126be37bd%7Emv2.jpg Taino/Arawak Arnaldo Rivera (Joseph's Father) on the far left at a Taino gathering in El Yunque Puerto Rico 1950's https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/caa4e87a-ea21-49ce-aaf3-25e5aed57c0d/352779_a43ea63913a448bcb9b2a0d50329d2cc%7Emv2.webp Taino/Arawak https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d610396-d4b9-4f85-81eb-7e19b370a395/Modern-day+Arawak+children+enrolled+in+a+turtle+conservation+program.+%28Photo+by+P.H.C.+Pritchard%29.png Taino/Arawak Modern-day Arawak children enrolled in a turtle conservation program. (Photo by P.H.C. Pritchard) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a296c9e7-78c1-4ff1-98bb-1dad5e2f4647/04257000_naa_image.jpg.webp Taino/Arawak "This 1892 portrait is of a man who identified himself as a descendent of Jamaica's indigenous peoples. It was taken near Pedro Bluffs, an area of the island where researchers from the Smithsonian's Caribbean Indigenous Legacies Project (the precursor to the exhibition) spoke to contemporary Jamaican families, who identified themselves as descendants of the island's Arawak-speaking peoples." (Photo, National Anthropological Archives, SI) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f79d1b01-c3f3-4015-9243-8f01f41eca41/Arawaks-623x393.jpg Taino/Arawak https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/951f097f-09de-4b7a-af82-b9e32b7d7f69/352779_4468f1f6788c40b5af15d30fac67de5a%7Emv2.jpeg Taino/Arawak https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a59f900c-ea18-4274-8bff-0c75a0458d19/352779_0415c8df3bd44af0887de7095ebd61fd_mv2.jpg Taino/Arawak https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c4db8fb-8386-4129-b97f-b3b91d1419ba/352779_5dd69feb91fa4dafa0cf3379888f4eb6%7Emv2.jpeg Taino/Arawak https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/201d2438-e3ae-4b5b-8925-217be1b291b4/352779_acffd77ea8724539b40133bd38ba0e25%7Emv2.jpeg Taino/Arawak https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/de0e25b0-f851-4ba3-b1bd-052d07fe8e20/352779_5524160e85e74d8ca1585a69a35047ee%7Emv2.webp Taino/Arawak https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af77e0b9-9b6f-4818-9aa3-14cec94e2517/Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_60008905_Een_groep_Arowakken_en_Karaiben_in_fe.jpg Taino/Arawak Arawak people gathered for an audience with the Dutch Governor in Paramaribo, Suriname, 1880 Collectie Wereldmuseum (v/h Tropenmuseum), part of the National Museum of World Cultures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6bf019f-d284-43ca-92b9-046eea1389a6/352779_04f9842281e74f9a8a27807b25dfeaae%7Emv2.jpeg Taino/Arawak Joseph Amahura RiverWind Teaching Taino Survival in the 1990's https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/674412ed-3e43-480a-8055-cff8eea63bfd/352779_850584aef2ca4f8ca9f40ed6081aa6da%7Emv2.jpg Taino/Arawak Gathering The People with the Guamo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f7b3946a-a652-4be7-a1b4-07af982ab424/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+22.38.08.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/amerindian daily 0.75 2024-08-04 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/igbo1 daily 0.75 2026-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0bacb48a-371e-46ca-9169-2e2a285ccc99/An+Igbo+girl+from+Nibo%2C+present-day+Anambra+State%2C+with+%C3%B9l%C3%AC+designs+on+her+skin.+Photographed+by+Northcote+Thomas+c.+1911.+MAA+Cambridge.jpg Igbo An Igbo girl from Nibo, present-day Anambra State, with ùlì designs on her skin. Photographed by Northcote Thomas c. 1911. MAA Cambridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/724358a2-82e1-40b2-9764-7f43bc301cec/An+Igbo+man+from+Agukwu+Nri+decorated+with+what+appears+to+be+%C3%B9l%C3%AC%2C+a+semi-permanent+dye+from+a+plant+and+a+system+of+symbols+of+the+same+name.+Photographed+by+Northcote+Thomas%2C+c.+1910-11.+MAA+Cambridge..jpg Igbo An Igbo man from Agukwu Nri decorated with what appears to be ùlì, a semi-permanent dye from a plant and a system of symbols of the same name. Photographed by Northcote Thomas, c. 1910-11. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee0fdbbd-d7ff-4816-b074-9f55dc0ac132/Igbo+Masqurade.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16ecb424-eef8-4501-af5d-1e702e2123b4/Okoroshi+masquerade+1930s.jpg Igbo Okoroshi masquerade 1930s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f72eeb38-1736-41de-892c-de046fbf5510/+-2.jpg Igbo Agbogho mmuo, maiden spirit masks from the north-central part of the Igbo-speaking area. Early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9791a1a0-aa0b-4dc4-b797-cec52070a276/Igbo+Mask+-+Nigera+1930.jpg Igbo Igbo Mask - Nigera 1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/39aa195e-9dad-4143-a0e4-1fef4e64cf1c/tumblr_mwf32g5TYn1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo Three Igbo women and details of their attire including nja anklets and odu ivory bangles, akwa ocha (‘white fabric’) cloth, and a plaid-like cloth known today as George made primarily in the Igbo speaking town of Akwete. Photo taken by missionary G. T. Basden in the early 20th century in an Igbo speaking area now known as Anambra State, Nigeria. The three women were likely engaged [and well off]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d36b1f16-4a9a-47c5-867f-1cae6c1630f1/images+%2810%29.jpeg Igbo Igbo tribe members playing various musical instruments https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b0344e8-ac9d-4cd3-9b63-55dd0549f75d/images+%2813%29.jpeg Igbo Titled elder Onyeso of Agukwu Nri washing hands for a rite before a shrine to Agwụ̀, a divinity of doctors (dibị̀à). Photographed by Northcote Thomas in 1911. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3aa7f985-d45b-49b9-ac57-ca394e8d0f20/671a31_10db1a30864d46e6860b00c6204b6fae%7Emv2.jpg Igbo Ojiako Ezenne (center), with his mother (on his right), brother (Nnoli Ezenne), and his wives. Circa 1913. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c5b5513-256b-4b2c-a9b9-04b9c17938bf/38bdd6a0075697a0a2c794f4232315e4.jpg Igbo Eze Nri in Igboland HRM Tabansi Udene Nrijimofor, 1938-1979. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/73e88dc6-a7b1-4260-8e65-c7770d2aadf8/2lhmf2mdw1h71.jpg Igbo Members of the Igbo tribe in Nigeria performing a ceremonial dance (circa 1930s-1940s). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d963e9b-be82-4cea-bead-91a3f06e794e/Young+Igbo+maskers%2C+initiation+ceremony%2C+Ifogu+Nkporo+masquerade%2C+Obohia%2C+Nkporo-Igbo.+Photo+by+G.+I.+Jones%2C+1930s..jpg Igbo Young Igbo maskers, initiation ceremony, Ifogu Nkporo masquerade, Obohia, Nkporo-Igbo. Photo by G. I. Jones, 1930s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ace7ac18-53ed-4722-8d8b-ec07bc75d2d0/meeting-with-Igbo-community-during-trip-to-Nigeria-I-encuentro-con-comunidad-igbo-durante-viaje-a-Nigeria.jpg Igbo Portrait of an Igbo man in Nigeria. Photo by Jordi Zaragozà Anglès. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f97f75ab-df0a-498f-91ae-09260e0098a9/Igbo_7.jpg Igbo Igbo masquerade performer in raffia costume, Nigeria. 101 Last Tribes. (n.d.). Igbo masquerade performer in raffia costume [Photograph]. https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/igbo.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7546e2a5-1c82-4eaa-8bb4-9e5a7442e2b2/20240927_181613.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a1d80b0c-67ac-4e2d-be5b-8b1eca2dd63d/tumblr_30b3740c6d636dda9320c5c5b8d82d38_01f38f9a_1280-2.jpg Igbo Okoye, photographed at Agukwu Nri by Northcote Thomas, c. 1911. MAA Cambridge. The marks on his face are known as ichi, given to the people of Nri by tradition. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/157ded07-e3aa-4310-9924-ff6d32fcc757/c_1930-1939+-+Igbo+woman%2C++present+day+eastern+Nigeria.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1937ed30-b2cc-463d-8c2d-a4beba8d9e0f/Northcote_Thomas_agbogho_mmuo_NWT_2279_and_1977-1024x495.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b03e70b-cf77-41dd-bc29-3da169a353ed/Northcote_Thomas_agbogho_mmuo_NWT_1965_and_1967-1024x488.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db1ffde2-d830-433b-9d34-9ad91ec0d741/Igbo+Architecture+%7C+%E1%BB%A4l%E1%BB%8D+om%C3%A9+n%27%C3%8Cgb%C3%B2+-+Culture+%285%29+-+Nigeria.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50cb5b0a-0568-4449-80dc-293c432cf61a/tumblr_nuff7iBM9i1qjh37to1_500.jpg Igbo A woman with crest hairstyle and ornaments, Igboland. Photo: Afrika Museum, Berg en Dal, Mid 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac6cb4d4-f0f0-492f-bda2-375aad880622/454463_LS.82456.WCR.jpg Igbo Two men photographed near the Niger River by William Henry Crosse, part of the Royal Niger Company, 1886 - 1895. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4ed5ace-7a59-4276-a013-ab5a856fa447/Isuochi+man+profile.jpg Igbo A man who may possibly be from Isuochi (as the album was labelled). Photographed by G. I. Jones, 1930s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4d290d6-69fc-4c5a-bc60-a9503fb853ce/tumblr_pp4snmMX6J1qjh37to1_640.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60fdcfde-cfcc-4fc8-9ef8-dc4118863587/600858_P.32554.NWT_001-1.png Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bf6d0aed-6f72-4f6c-8581-d1ce9b0caf66/tumblr_071f0e5b45589ac3bbbad04ece1fb542_d3d15be7_1280.jpg Igbo Ekpo masquerade shot by Ibani photographer Jonathan Adagogo Green in Sapele, c. 1896. J. A. Green staged many of his photos. RAAI. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/17932545-b101-4114-bdb6-24ed8d4cd6a1/tumblr_m8por9G70z1qjh37to1_640.jpg Igbo Ekpe (leopard society) meeting house. View of Ekpe meeting house in Umuajatta village, Olokoro near Umuahia. The house has a tall thatched roof and a wall painted by an Annang artist in the style of the Ngwomo ghost houses. G.I. Jones, 1932 - 1938 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9002a236-0a25-4fdd-80b3-a3962f607cfa/uri+ozo.jpg Igbo The ùrì body art of women who may be from Isuochi (as the album was labelled) [cropped]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a98883fe-925d-4255-b084-e77021726b0d/Mask-costume-dancer-spirit-initiation-rites-region.jpg.webp Igbo Makishi dancerMakishi dancer representing an ancestral spirit who assists at initiation rites of the peoples in northwestern Zambia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7dcacd85-dabc-461a-b433-811b8a84c939/hunters-Tutsi-lion-dance-headdress-mane.jpg.webp Igbo ceremonial lion danceTutsi hunters performing the ceremonial lion dance. The headdress is symbolic of a lion's mane. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e76876b1-0cc3-4b0e-9deb-1cd6522bdd28/4105747_281ajgl_jpegc3d33f1204cacab5ec7261a7090cea59.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f1d69cf-8d32-4906-80bc-632fb38c3e33/445231_N.71491.GIJ.jpg Igbo A dancer at an initiation dance, according to G. I. Jones, in today's Anambra State, 1930s. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/28e532d1-ac81-4553-bab9-5297cb581305/tumblr_mj1hsrYOtb1s0i6geo1_400.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b08bbaa3-07ff-41ff-81b3-c3b31d9235ef/tumblr_mo6upkwwCt1s0i6geo1_1280.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec5e137d-024e-44cf-9ebc-183559677e84/Nkporo+initiates.jpg Igbo Young male Nkporo initiates dancing masks with tall fibre extensions, eastern Igbo area (p.d. Abia State), 1930s. Photo: G.I. Jones. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09d455c0-8202-4dc3-862a-cd08a9b17451/Okonko.png Igbo “A yam dance, ‘eighu ulo’, Ibusa [Igbuzo, p.d. Delta State], Near Asaba.” Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f05af39b-9e3d-4136-853a-cfd100bf24e5/tumblr_o25rdjZatg1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo Mgbedike masker at an Igbo migrants celebration at Okitipupa, Ondo province, Western Nigeria, 1949. Photo: Edward Duckworth. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6bf3f2bb-299e-4c39-a7f8-5bc1fa7597e0/%E1%BB%A4kp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5%CC%84.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d6ec9fa7-39ba-4bee-ab5b-1bcd4833c72e/Ala+priest.jpg Igbo "The goddess of the earth," as described by P. A. Talbot, c. 1932. Musée du quai Branly. This may be Ala, the Igbo earth divinity and the man pictured may be an Eze Ala, a head priest of Ala. Ala is represented by trees and shrubs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d0d4c51e-afee-4a27-bef0-740ce76ccae9/tumblr_603aee1a0c234e73c3eecba695e73d54_74cc568d_1280-2.jpg Igbo “Achetefu(?) young man.” … “Hairdressing (Ibo) Man of Awka”. Northcote Thomas, c. 1911. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b8ce67ae-09e1-4ffe-b050-ba08677efdcb/Pre-Colonial+Igbo+Land%28Igbo+people+prior+to+Colonization%29.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/251ab8ab-cba9-4471-a7ee-49a8797775b1/+-59.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/febb47a4-32ac-499d-b419-aad6191a1f6c/EI9RISUXUAEuiAl.jpeg Igbo An unidentified group portrait taken by a Royal Niger Company employee c. 1886 - 1895. Based on other photos, these could be people from the Asaba or Önïcha area. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8bd61272-f40c-463c-874c-245260ce5951/eze-nri-obalike-1911.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d58d1d70-0be5-433b-b897-0024e70a97c8/Ogugu_House_Agulu_2_Northcote_Thomas_re-entanglements.net_-1024x576.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774279569791-V9XI0GWGUCO2YBO7W67H/Representation_of_girl_with_mbubu_scarification_marks_Northcote_Thomas_re-entanglements.net_-1024x576.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b0caad1f-dc0e-4f60-92ca-1ec811927b7d/Young+Igbo+Mask+Dancers+Wearing+Net+Masks+and+Raffia+Costumes.+Eastern+Region%2C+Nigeria.+%E2%80%94+Lorenzo+Dow+Turner+%28Black+American%29%2C+1951.+Smithsonian..jpg Igbo Young Igbo Mask Dancers Wearing Net Masks and Raffia Costumes. Eastern Region, Nigeria. — Lorenzo Dow Turner (Black American), 1951. Smithsonian. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/842a49b8-2dad-45ef-8e24-2a44c8c2ff1c/1930s.+Jones%E2%80%99s+book+The+Art+of+Southeastern+Nigeria+from+1984+is+also+a+highly+recommended+read.+Below+a+group+of+arusi+figures+from+the+Nri-Awka+Igbo..jpg Igbo 1930s. Jones’s book The Art of Southeastern Nigeria from 1984. A group of arusi figures from the Nri-Awka Igbo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b890919-b36d-41fc-8a48-7d8eaf5cc5a5/Igbo+Architecture+%7C+%E1%BB%A4l%E1%BB%8D+om%C3%A9+n%27%C3%8Cgb%C3%B2+-+Culture+%286%29+-+Nigeria.jpg Igbo A portrait of an Igbo woman and children standing by a carved door, known as mgbo ezi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/02d2073e-694a-47bf-aa23-82ad60ad64e4/images+%2811%29.jpeg Igbo Blacksmiths “from the Onitsha area” according to G. I. Jones, photographed by William Henry Crosse, part of the Royal Niger Company, 1886 - 1895. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e834db9-a87e-479d-b3fc-36f6bc75cc41/download-3-1.jpg Igbo A group of Igbo warriors in ancient battle dress at a warriors funeral. Photo: M. D. W. Jeffreys, 1956. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdbe1635-1049-40d8-be06-6a0c7587738c/IMG_20230404_044213-1024x752.jpg Igbo Rich Women. Onitsha. (church members.)" G. F. Packer, 1880s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/86839080-431f-4c06-b8a7-6b81a10377c9/10979769_h5l8nng_jpegebe4fde63a1c383b61f1109ecd6c5734.jpeg Igbo People of Onitsha shot by Robert Mcwhirter, 1905-11. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0b96c07-c109-474d-9062-3cafacf8f84b/alusi1.jpg Igbo Alusi priest Ezekwem with figure of deity Eke. Both have ichi marks. Adazi Ani, Nigeria. Photograph by Herbert M. Cole, 1966 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d63ec939-e183-4cda-8d07-345d342a24e6/attending-to-igbo-people-masquerade-during-ethnographic-trip-to-Nigeria-I-asistiendo-a-mascarada-del-pueblo-igbo-durante-viaje-a-etnografico-Nigeria.jpg Igbo Masquerade of the Igbo people. Photo byJordi Zaragozà Anglès. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cada4169-68e3-440a-96e6-3555b2755114/Roots-of-Igbo-photo-300x226.jpg Igbo Nigerian Warriors dance for Queen Elizabeth of England at Port Harcourt, Nigeria in 1956. Man in center balances log on his head. The log is decorated with good luck symbols. Photo by Bettman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/953f478d-ff83-497f-8b6c-75e63fd578ef/dancing-Ajun-kpa-Nigeria-women-Jukun.jpg.webp Igbo Jukun women dancingJukun women in Nigeria dancing the Ajun-Kpa, meant to exorcise evil spirits. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5dc93f5d-af9e-4623-a4cc-0349ac13b390/Northcote_Thomas_Umuchukwu_Photographs_NWT_2508_and_2506_re-entanglements.net_-1024x576.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c27d8359-5324-458c-866e-1658ae726f65/+-63.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/958acdcd-2bd1-4013-b8d3-5e4b55c5198c/tumblr_nke6gyYtVd1qjh37to1_1280-2.jpg Igbo Two Hausa [mallams] Priests Rd Calabar C.R.N.M. Manuel Menendez, 1890s, Calabar, Niger Coast Protectorate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6709f5ac-9906-4ba9-b097-5204d73200d8/Awka_men_displaying_fighting_technique_Northcote_Thomas_NWT_2135_re-entanglements.net_-1024x576.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a50de8ce-433d-4145-824f-ecbd041b7fff/433557_LS.52128.WCR.jpg Igbo An unidentified titled man, with the label that might read "Chief of Iboria[?] Ibo," may be Idigo of Aguleri who was converted by French Catholics. Photographed by William Henry Crosse, part of the Royal Niger Company, 1886 - 1895. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d72430d9-e2ad-42b9-8522-2905bd802ea8/Old+man+Igbuzor+II.jpg Igbo Photo: An elderly man of Igbuzo photographed in the early 20th century by Northcote Thomas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53b49ccf-e1eb-4cf2-a93d-73855ab9637e/tumblr_b677bc61efd13cc1e73afb9c7f546967_21bc9103_1280.jpg Igbo Masqueraders at Ugwuoba, present-day Enugu State. Eliot Elisofon, 1959. Smithsonian. Masked and costumed men […] masquerade during the annual yam festival, called ‘Onwasato’ in [Igbo]. The very colorful costumes of reds, whites and greens in stripes are called Iyolo, which means 'fine thing.’ The raffia costumes are called Udo, which means 'rope.’ […] The dancers are milling up and down the main road through the village, charging back and forth senselessly, dashing through the market area, shouting and jumping, some blowing horns hidden inside their masks. This was the first day of a four-day celebration, and was the first 'showing’ of the masquerade costumes. – Eliot Elisofon, 1959 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac183265-73fd-48b2-9ad2-4207ef9afbc9/Isuochi+people.png Igbo People who may be from Isuochi (as the album was labelled). Photographed by G. I. Jones, 1930s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/02ed396f-bfcf-4a0e-8ee6-0d99693dbb25/Mask-mwanapwo-woman-figure-one-figures-performances.jpg.webp Igbo mask representing the mwanapwoMask representing the mwanapwo, a mythical figure of a young woman who died. It is one of the prominent figures in masked performances by the Chokwe and related peoples in the eastern Angolan–northwestern Zambian culture area. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/788985d1-12de-46bc-a545-7daa175c1564/masquerader-Gelede-courtyard-palace-Ibara-Nigeria-Abeokuta.jpg.webp Igbo Gelede masqueraderA Gelede masquerader dancing in the courtyard of the Ibara palace in Abeokuta, Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/79778240-8dbe-4371-94c0-c9379bd260a7/4105770_fbimg1443725669166_jpeg8140d7b5e2c019d5627d60e230bfd897.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/336ab1bc-a8ea-43e8-acce-a6e379067626/Enugwu+Ukwu.png Igbo A child and a crocodile photographed by Northcote Thomas in Enugwu Ukwu, 1910-11. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c1628f2f-2cb3-4b40-afaf-a7bbbc3dd9e2/okoroshi-isuama-igbo-orlu-jones.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b4b94b4-bfab-41ee-81d1-64ee6eae2452/2022119_15338174637970703929532107524033n_jpeg798897f4566fa6573ec4759d7c6e3d51.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e3eb9045-6415-4b5a-9373-7902f125d481/Igbo+Men+and+Mask.jpg Igbo Masquerades from different cultural regions of the Igbo area photographed by G. I. Jones in the 1930s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/931ceec7-c14e-4b47-836b-9d17c6528dbd/eighu+ulo.jpg Igbo “A yam dance, ‘eighu ulo’, Ibusa [Igbuzo, p.d. Delta State], Near Asaba.” Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6a50ae92-0546-42e7-ba89-665bc18f93a9/tumblr_o67bfgbr781qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo Group of Ekpo maskers, Ibibio culture, Ikot-Ekpene, 22 November, 1905. Photo: Charles Partridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5a1d3635-eaba-4281-a106-9e683b3d18ac/269f1670bd03e772748c4af1a13eebb3.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8a0ded60-1812-4a74-b40e-f0e977025543/tumblr_pqizk6Xnkb1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a11fe99d-f7da-43ed-82a7-a39fc859232e/Igbo+trading+woman.jpg Igbo A trader. c. 1889. This picture taken c. 1889, possibly by G. F. Packer credited with other photos from the Niger and Önïcha (Onitsha) (and of Önïcha trading women), is annotated as 'Trader from Timbuctou' on the right and 'Rich Trading Woman' on the left. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c81e72c4-f571-45bb-af9f-88f01eef88e4/Alusi_Iyiazi_Market_House_Nri_2_Northcote_Thomas_re-entanglements.net_-1024x576.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee535d67-fc3a-4cef-9166-67679fef1e6e/tumblr_put5my2YeB1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo The Omu of Okpanam, whose name was not recorded, photographed by Northcote Thomas in 1912. Okpanam is an Enuani Igbo town near Asaba in Delta State, Nigeria today. The Omu [awe-mu] are titled women who control markets and are spiritual protectors to the Obi, the king, in Igbo communities west of the Niger River, typically among the Enuani, and in the past in Onicha (Onitsha) and Osomari on the east bank of the Niger River. There is one Omu in each community with the institution. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/40a73cc2-fd4c-4e4c-ad86-87bbdc9436d3/tumblr_pzjdpizaQd1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo A person from Nsukwa, a western Igbo community in the Enuani area of today’s Delta State. Nsukwa is apparently an anglicisation of Nchukwa according to J. G. Nkem Onyekpe (2012). Nsukwa was known for its women’s pottery industry. Photographs by Northcote Thomas, c. 1913. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a26758c-703b-4126-9c51-ce92ce817527/Ichi+scarification.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6206c0a1-bc44-42a0-bf14-b66ad082c59b/Igbo_3.jpg Igbo Igbo elders gathered in traditional attire, Nigeria. 101 Last Tribes. (n.d.). Igbo elders in traditional attire [Photograph]. https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/igbo.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/78ccd257-7750-431c-9daa-41ea80671fad/Oka-elder-368552_P.119597.NWT_-1.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e24d1ef-05db-411a-b0ab-2c90af24ce54/Ikoro+Obibiaku.jpg Igbo The Ikoro Obibiaku, a giant ikoro (wooden slit drum) of Umunze made from a single oji (iroko) tree. Ikoro is beaten by males with sticks or by hand for either music, ritual purposes, or for sending messages. Photo: G. T. Basden, before 1921. This ikoro was reported to be over 180 years old by Basden, the amazing thing is that the Ikoro Obibiaku still exists today (meaning it's now over 250 years old) at Nkwo Umunze, in Anambra State, although in a degraded state. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff80efc6-9744-4f5d-ad3e-67f0ee578dcf/59561001.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f28cd0ee-a992-4093-adc6-02458202c5d3/tumblr_87364154dfbe905444da7e47422ba49f_bb1c6b53_500.png Igbo A child photographed in Isua in today’s Edo State, Nigeria. Northcote Thomas, c. 1909-10. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1dd15ed3-3b31-4d52-b529-592b0dbd4a26/Ifogu+Nkporo.jpg Igbo "Ogu wooden face mask," part of the Nkporo people's Ifogu masquerade at Elugu Nkporo in p.d. Abia State, photographed by G. I. Jones in the 1930s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b16d2292-2987-4e62-b8f5-9362806c9b33/tumblr_mbnfyaQbhW1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo Sobo [Urhobo or Isoko] dancers from Warri with locked hair. 1880-1905, Unknown photographer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6668bab5-c242-4452-b614-77fba2fcf602/An+Igbo+woman+from+Nibo%2C+present-day+Anambra+State.+Photographed+by+Northcote+Thomas+c.+1911.+MAA+Cambridge..jpg Igbo An Igbo woman from Nibo, present-day Anambra State. Photographed by Northcote Thomas c. 1911. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb25efab-e963-4ac9-9bf6-98d178c34cba/%E1%BB%A4kp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5%CC%84.jpg Igbo Ozu-Item tribe, Isu-Item Igbo Janus shoulder mask, Ikem masquerade. Covered in skin with hair represented by circular studs and wooden horns, with porcupine quills between them and in the mouth of one. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9d1dd37-8503-471f-b45e-35a47a4f6b17/picture_1+%281%29.jpg Igbo An Igbo man with facial marks of nobility known as Ichi from Basden, George Thomas (1921). Among the Ibos of Nigeria: An Account of the Curious & Interesting Habits, Customs & Beliefs of a Little Known African People, by One who Has for Many Years Lived Amongst Them on Close & Intimate Terms. Seeley, Service. p. 184. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d1a1bb19-32f6-448e-bdd5-0fc36459f615/meeting-with-elders-of-Igbo-people-during-trip-to-Nigeria-I-encuentro-con-ancianos-del-pueblo-igbo-durante-viaje-a-Nigeria.jpg Igbo A group of Igbo elders in Nigeria. Photo by Jordi Zaragozà Anglès. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c225e1d3-4f0a-4f00-ad7c-2e1c804c1f4b/ichi+igbo+tribal+marks.jpg Igbo An Igbo woman with full-face ichi marks, Iwollo, present-day Enugu State, 1983. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6a9a2ca-3c8f-4451-928d-264de190b147/tumblr_nuft9x3Bvi1qjh37to2_400.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce13a7bf-b500-4e1e-aaeb-f15b90f0830e/Woman_decorating_public_shrine_Nri_University_of_California_San_Diego_re-entanglements.net_-1024x435.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3418b099-7c95-4808-8d46-f6e8b82158ed/%E1%BB%A4kp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5%CC%84_+Images+of+%C3%8Cgb%C3%B2+Before-2.jpg Igbo Igbo male hairstyles from the northern area and one (bottom left) from Igbuzo. The photos were taken by Northcote Thomas in 1910-11, and G. T. Basden before 1921. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b1385e6c-ae0b-46dd-be18-bc2951a00018/tumblr_d591e83a86977ae56778bc20859f4f8a_0b5ea20e_1280-2.jpg Igbo “A Famous Were-Leopard”. Percy Amaury Talbot. Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50356eb0-769f-4447-9e8c-5cfa0667dbb2/3c7c7974011d33dbbdd7811c80b3d5f4.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/262bcca6-d1b9-4d3a-929c-5c312a0f250c/454499_LS.82528.WCR-1.jpg Igbo Two men photographed near the Niger River by William Henry Crosse, part of the Royal Niger Company, 1886 - 1895. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/981db53f-d977-4978-8b9e-6f1320124bde/okpu+agha.jpg Igbo An Igbo elder of Öka (Awka) wearing an okpu agha, or "war hat" as noted here by Northcote Thomas, 1910-11. Northcote Thomas' album, MAA Cambridge. As a defence against ... weapons the Ibo had devised fibre 'crash' helmets or okpu agha. Those ... are entirely plaited out of the coarse fibre in the stems of Colocasia antiquorum. Dalziel remarks: 'The Ibos use caps or helmets and a kind of armour woven from the fibre got from the petioles.' – M. D. W. Jeffreys (1956). "Ibo Warfare." Man, Vol. 56 (June, 1956). p. 78. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4c644cef-85cd-4fa4-82d5-6cbf43851fe2/tumblr_ozej3l5VE01qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2e856241-7397-4257-b762-c6059ff7d3d9/tumblr_nkyk82TJYL1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo Masked Members of the Egbo Society. More dreaded even than Idiong is the great Egbo society, known in the Ibibio tribe as Akpanoyoho. It takes its name from ‘ekpe,’ the native word for the leopard or panther. Robert L. M'Keown, 1912 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99fd9867-c295-4ef8-bb9f-0a54cd52e72f/right+uri.jpg Igbo The ùrì body art of women who may be from Isuochi (as the album was labelled) [cropped]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53a41d6e-b65f-40ad-b7ab-0ae099c9856b/dancing-Nigeria-Shango-dance-honour-Yoruba.jpg.webp Igbo Yoruba danceYoruba in Nigeria performing a dance in honour of the god Shango. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b15de0d5-ee2b-4db1-b3de-31492972b103/tumblr_mzo1zzuY631qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo COMIC MASK FROM LUGHULU MASKERADE. ITEM TRIBE, ISU-ITEM I[G]BO G. I. Jones; Sculpture of the Umuahia Area of Nigeria; African Arts, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Summer, 1973) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/05145dea-784d-44b6-b8bd-b2924740d066/4095372_tmp15146screenshot2016081123044711689045391_jpeg9ad3532ae11abd1e7c651dd571907733.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f83956ae-fe5a-413e-aab3-ab4d64dcf452/Mbari+Onye+Mgbe.jpg Igbo [An Igbo] spirit worker painting the walls of an mbari nearing completion. Note the double Mami Wata images at left. Photo 1930s, [Near Owere]. - Herbert Cole, 1988. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/574b4860-7c98-4c62-a547-3125884d9ea3/Ekpe+Egbo.jpg Igbo Egbo [Ekpe] men’s leopard ‘secret society’, Cross River area, southeastern Nigeria. Early 20th century. Wellcome Images. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a93ac39b-9dc0-48e3-9bbd-a9013dde743c/4098590_10410495101530682880235407757015080204424610n_jpeg3cc8dbb7b72f94944ed819381b6b93ac.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca31eb99-8661-4989-84c6-dee140ab2715/92e1102bc203dc5e4ea77a12f5d5058e.jpg Igbo Nigerian Ladies. 1961. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d1793a34-064f-457b-8dce-54bc945e7b69/+-57.jpg Igbo Masquerade dancers in Nigeria from the early 20th century https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ed8e056e-daed-4ab4-8cc5-8e2926772ae6/tumblr_30482bd9e52eadb76d7371d92bf138e2_a156b834_1280.jpg Igbo Ekpo, the mask representing ghosts. Ibibio culture which has also been borrowed by some Igbo groups. Photo: G. I. Jones, c. 1930s, near Ikot Ekpene. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4c56281-3692-46dc-a28d-653253ea920b/+-56.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84144e11-b238-4b11-883f-682a80d751d2/Igbo+masquerades.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d235266-12fd-4889-8354-8134af88013a/441281_N.63695.GIJ.jpg Igbo Two women, possibly from Asaba or Önïcha (Onitsha), unidentified, photographed by William Henry Crosse, part of the Royal Niger Company, 1886 - 1895. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a8c6c02d-3d11-445f-8268-3e0d87ee4a64/Phonograph_recording_Agila_Nigeria_1913_NWT_4885_MAA_P.32756_re-entanglements.net_-1024x757.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca0c42cb-71b8-4b42-ad02-3ad652d8d736/tumblr_pttl31Hkql1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo A man from Enugwu Ukwu in present day Anambra State, photographed by Northcote Thomas, c. 1910-11. MAA Cambridge. [There’s nzụ, chalk, on his eyes.] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774275022787-PW6XED21Q9ETGMOI9OYQ/Chinyere_Odinukwe_NWT_references_re-entanglements.net_-1024x290.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ada19902-6333-4cad-8cad-6bc0946d259b/tumblr_dea1491f7efd038ac1617b36fa2d27c6_54e74452_1280.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/486782ab-e499-44fa-8b34-0dbb12b3ba70/62256001.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e43efe9-14a8-41dc-b559-427703de7ada/igbo-couple-asaba-1900.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd32a6fd-2035-4ca7-a5c2-1b9d1fea7241/OKONGO.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f851703-7aa0-4041-b919-18ae85e89c28/tumblr_nl00t2hSwc1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo [Igbo] Dancers at Awka in the Onitsha Hinterland Between Niger and the Cross River Albert F Calvert (1910) Nigeria and Its Tin Fields. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f2c8ccb-07fb-4f24-bfd8-3e58f667d347/Art+And+Architecture+Of+The+Igbo+People+-+Culture+%284%29+-+Nigeria.jpg Igbo Igbo Mgbedike / Agaba type mask. Unspecified location. Photo: Edward Chadwick, c. 1930s. British Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ffd20209-a419-4883-8fb4-2ab47719575a/Igbo_6.jpg Igbo Igbo masquerade performer in raffia costume, Nigeria. 101 Last Tribes. (n.d.). Igbo masquerade performer in raffia costume [Photograph]. https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/igbo.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/41635dc0-ef7a-48bf-9179-a50824631c2f/tumblr_nuft9x3Bvi1qjh37to3_400.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/048f0604-7ea4-4435-bfeb-a91bf9d023ec/Chief_of_Umuchukwu_NWT_2507_RAI_400.15387_Northcote_Thomas_re-entanglements.net_-1024x576.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f920c0d7-f1f4-4a51-996a-89a019de1304/+-62.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a706915-ae61-4058-a91a-32dae4b2a928/tumblr_e267c4afa2a0c0872376f5cfd4b5bbb9_7b26db9f_1280-2.jpg Igbo Ohafia women with long braids fashionable in Ohafia at the time. Photographed by Rev. William T. Weir. From The Women’s Missionary Magazine of the United Free Church of Scotland, 1904. Google digitisation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eae6893b-ac8f-42f7-9f52-2867e7f6ffbc/Isuochi+man.jpg Igbo A man who may possibly be from Isuochi (as the album was labelled). Photographed by G. I. Jones, 1930s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d034b5fc-4279-4b14-8a58-761f033de6dd/tumblr_prx8tm83231qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f74cdf60-11f3-4f90-bb64-30ee4508ee37/elele.jpg Igbo Wrestling at Elele described by P. A. Talbot as "[w]restling to make the yams grow. Chief Eleche's place, Elele" in "Some Nigerian Fertility Cults," 1927. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/91f84b94-2839-4dfd-bc86-6d6b18d80b69/a560ea1a4d920226f84afec90f277ba9.jpg Igbo Alaafin of the old Oyo Empire [Omo Oodua] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2a85e7c-c090-40a1-884c-fe0e27d0af5d/IMG_20230404_042525.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/42e1ec26-3435-46c7-b341-147356f3c96e/tumblr_ac14ffaba69927fa2f2c5eeee761e323_3585aaa0_1280.jpg Igbo A young man modelling an Ibibio or Annang hinged-jaw (Ekpo, meaning ghost in Ibibio) mask from an unspecified location, these hinged-jaw masks also made their way into the eastern part of the Igbo country where they’re still used for Ekpo masquerades as part of various Ekpe (leopard society) dances. The hinged jaw is opened and worked from within the mask by the masquerader and today it’s usually opened in jest for paper money tips from spectators. Photo by G. I. Jones, 1932 - 1938. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8784f0ed-b6e8-44b7-9ca4-df2c5f848669/890391_P.119601.NWT_001.png Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2eaadfbc-f0ac-40e9-9815-bdff4ffeb06c/tumblr_pj0ea92DAk1qjh37to1_1280.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a237a52e-f3aa-4986-af42-067120e6207a/tumblr_nuft9x3Bvi1qjh37to4_400.jpg Igbo People from Ugwu Eke village wearing Igbo masks, near Alayi. Photo by G. I. Jones, 1930s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84451380-b3a3-4495-849e-215315771baf/1710400442126.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774279253900-KTDTF4B5FT76DW2J3GV6/%25E1%25BB%25A4kp%25E1%25BB%25A5r%25E1%25BB%25A5%25CC%2584-2.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87b397ba-80c8-4a32-a3bd-35ae143bb438/Amade+Onyeche+crop.jpg Igbo The head priest of the Mbari Otamini, noted by Talbot as Amade Onyeche. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/93a0ffac-4c41-439f-ba85-beb758fe3653/Uli_designs_in_hair_NWT_1834a_3172_Northcote_Thomas_re-entanglements.net_-1024x576.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f36b80c-4c92-43d2-88d0-d9418dd6c635/Agulu+Igbo+man.jpg Igbo North Thomas' notes on an Igbo man from Agulu: "Side fringe[?], man. 1910-11. " This style appears on a number of Igbo men and may have some significance. Northcote Thomas' album, MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66339b60-bc55-4309-a80a-0a9df2ead49e/tumblr_nuft9x3Bvi1qjh37to1_400.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c391e63a-ac14-431e-8fb0-fdd21dd731dd/+-60.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dcef7c86-b761-4f24-ba77-6160b5b0d05b/Igbo+girl+with+uli+body+art%2C+photo+by+Liz+Willis+1983.jpg Igbo Igbo girl with uli body art, photo by Liz Willis 1983 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a788468-ca73-46ea-9261-e5a08429441e/Young+woman+being+painted+with+Uri%2C+photograph+by+Liz+Willis.png Igbo Young woman being painted with Uri, photograph by Liz Willis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90185bae-31f8-48e8-93bf-bf52666c51a1/Agukwu+Nri.png Igbo The woman's name and the child's name may have been recorded by Thomas, but it has not been made public yet. For more information see: [Re:]Entanglements: N. W. Thomas – an accidental artist? and [Re:]Entanglements: Who was N. W. Thomas? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d6089c65-49c7-4bb8-a8c3-94699f2c434c/An+mgburuichi%2C+an+Igbo+person+with+ichi+marks+associated+with+Nri.+Photographed+by+the+British+colonial+government+anthropologist+Northcote+Thomas%2C+c.+1910-1911.+Museum+of+Archaeology+and+Anthropology%2C+Cambridge..jpg Igbo An mgburuichi, an Igbo person with ichi marks associated with Nri. Photographed by the British colonial government anthropologist Northcote Thomas, c. 1910-1911. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7eeb6fb7-fd29-454f-a96a-32a309f60adc/agukwu+Nri.jpg Igbo This is a woman and child from Agukwu Nri taken in 1910-11. The colonial appointed anthropologist Northcote Thomas made several volumes on the colonial examination of Igbo society. Among anthropological work, the 'side' material were outtakes like this which didn't make it to publishing. These are three separate photos, MAA Cambridge. This is the photo that was published in Northcote Thomas' Anthropological Report on the Ibo-speaking Peoples of Nigeria, vol. I. "You can see how the 'no-smiling' convention of old photography plays here, it may also have further connotations considering this is a colonial work made primarily for colonial dissection. There are many other example like this. In addition to that, many of the candid-looking photos taken outside of the makeshift studios were planned and staged ahead of Northcote Thomas (and hence other colonial-era photographers) taking photographs. How does the contrast between these 'outtakes' and the published image come across, what is the reaction to seeing both and possibly realising how manipulated colonial images can be?" From https://blog.ukpuru.org https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5a78e42f-9899-4564-b869-d7f5a1c0e1b6/An+Igbo+man+from+Achala%2C+p.d.+Anambra+State%2C+photographed+by+British+colonial+government+anthropologist+Northcote+Thomas%2C+1910-1911.+Museum+of+Archaeology+and+Anthropology%2C+Cambridge..png Igbo An Igbo man from Achala, p.d. Anambra State, photographed by British colonial government anthropologist Northcote Thomas, 1910-1911. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c6ad4b9-bc37-45a0-b3c3-67368c0c37bb/An+Igbo+girl+photographed+in+Nibo+and+noted+as+%E2%80%98Nwauko%E2%80%99+in+Northcote+Thomas%E2%80%99+photographic+register%2C+c.+1910-11..png Igbo An Igbo girl photographed in Nibo and noted as ‘Nwauko’ in Northcote Thomas’ photographic register, c. 1910-11. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4bdde3e-67c8-4998-84e2-2a69fb011df3/Igwe.jpg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e8ee2765-54af-469f-92ae-163daa1cc747/Boy+standing+beside+two+lifesized+wooden+Igbo+figures.jpg Igbo Boy standing beside two lifesized wooden Igbo figures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ba5e2953-84a2-4e4f-8648-d13e84f63800/17433998_igbowomanwearingankletplatesnigeria1922photobynorthcotewthomas_jpeg81bea70663e910a8fbac8649f3fcf341.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d2cb7cc-9bcb-4e98-8a42-2bd32557fd41/17433997_womenleadersinafricathecaseoftheigbo1050x700_jpeg488ffe92ab9a2a1d1d322e7a006c6301.jpeg Igbo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/228a94f2-10c1-4883-8ebf-dc6b40d8752c/Left+Body+painting+Fugar%2C+presentday+Edo+State+Nigeria.+Photographed+by+Northcote+W.+Thomas+in+1909+Right+Two+women+making+uli%E2%80%99+Achalla+Anambra+State+Nigeria+jpg.jpg Igbo Left Body painting Fugar, presentday Edo State Nigeria. Photographed by Northcote W. Thomas in 1909 Right Two women making uli’ Achalla Anambra State Nigeria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f4be41c8-8ef5-441b-9aeb-873bba6750e2/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+22.34.45.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/garifuna daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dca82e01-ed68-47c7-be8b-9bcb7859feb8/Carib+Woman+Stann+Creek+1878.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/jamaica-journals daily 0.75 2025-03-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9eb2ef1e-ff33-4ddd-85a6-08ec5aa66b02/Screenshot+2025-03-12+at+23.12.00.png Jamaica Journals https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d653ee18-3228-4c71-90dd-a520ed5b9ad4/Screenshot+2025-03-12+at+23.18.11.png Jamaica Journals https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean daily 0.75 2025-09-17 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-origins-and-theory daily 0.75 2026-03-04 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-artists-in-conversation daily 0.75 2026-01-25 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/artistry daily 0.75 2026-02-09 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/africa daily 0.75 2026-01-29 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean-publications daily 0.75 2025-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30867983-94c5-4179-8ac3-0dfdd3f82daa/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+23.40.51.png Caribbean Publications Jamaica Journal: Quarterly of the Institute of Jamaica - December 1984 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1140b5e1-4fb8-45c2-a6da-6a727758044b/Screenshot+2025-04-02+at+20.40.10.png Caribbean Publications JA PEOPLE: Demography & Private Sector Vol 4 No. 1&2 Nov 1992-Feb 1993 | Via Planning Institue of Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b9a3390-0f34-43d5-9a8e-47129aaecbe4/Screenshot+2025-04-02+at+21.00.21.png Caribbean Publications JA PEOPLE: Ageing of Jamaica’s Population Vol 3 No.2 Feb 1992 | Via Institute of Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a99ab852-1bc4-4c4e-beec-1c20ab57fb81/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+17.14.30.png Caribbean Publications Arts Jamaica Vol 1, December 1982 | University of Florida | Digital Library of the Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06ff4c35-b358-44d4-9a21-3ee82c193125/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+23.42.28.png Caribbean Publications Jamaica Journal: Quarterly of the Institute of Jamaica - June 1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f19fabb7-59f2-4eb8-984c-4035c8e9f5aa/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+19.03.57.png Caribbean Publications BRUKDOWN - The Magazine of Belize. Issue 4, 1980 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be733072-c7d9-477c-b925-276290a1ea99/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+19.01.17.png Caribbean Publications Arts Jamaica Vol 2, 1983 | University of Florida | Digital Library of the Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e42457c9-3620-44d5-b8fc-29223661269d/00001.jpg Caribbean Publications Arts Jamaica Vol 2 1982 | University of Florida | Digital Library of the Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fcaf447-1590-4f94-8036-f8d2d5d83b3a/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+23.39.41.png Caribbean Publications Jamaica Journal: Quarterly of the Institute of Jamaica - September 1968 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4333363a-90da-4124-9e7b-b33167768c31/Screenshot+2025-04-02+at+20.58.48.png Caribbean Publications JA PEOPLE: Population & Nutrition Vol 3 No. 3 May 1992 | Via Planning Institute of Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1d90fdf1-3bcf-4d47-83fc-71269f7e774e/Screenshot+2025-04-02+at+21.00.36.png Caribbean Publications JA PEOPLE: Ageing of Jamaica’s Population Vol 8 No.1 Nov 2001 | Via Institute of Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea94dda3-1bba-46e8-94d2-8352c7076c36/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+23.37.26.png Caribbean Publications Jamaica Journal: Quarterly of the Institute of Jamaica - November 1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3358ce43-fc12-45e1-b6f9-9a8c2b11bef0/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+19.04.08.png Caribbean Publications BRUKDOWN - The Magazine of Belize. Guatemala Issue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f25e024-d99c-4cb0-a051-c2708692ab3d/Screenshot+2025-04-02+at+20.56.15.png Caribbean Publications JA PEOPLE: Jamaican Environment Vol 2 No.3 May 1991 | Via Planning Institute of Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ceed20e0-e566-4725-8055-2978384c5503/Screenshot+2025-04-02+at+21.00.49.png Caribbean Publications JA PEOPLE: Planning for the future Vol 3 No. 1 Nov 1991 | Via Institute of Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/47512a84-a7b9-48a7-b43a-c02ffd253e44/Screenshot+2025-04-02+at+21.36.10.png Caribbean Publications Jamaica Journal: Quarterly of the Institute of Jamaica - September 1973 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/336084ed-a4d9-46b2-9138-5f6dfe4f4324/Screenshot+2025-04-02+at+21.38.31.png Caribbean Publications Arts Jamaica Vol 3, November 1984 | University of Florida | Digital Library of the Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/03f6e490-62ec-45d6-bb11-882a04831a0d/Screenshot+2025-03-12+at+23.12.00.png Caribbean Publications Jamaica Journal: Quarterly of the Institute of Jamaica - December 1967 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/589d6929-69b1-43bf-a3e8-016837860ff5/1000023801.jpg Caribbean Publications The cover of Roy Sawh's From where I Stand, which shows a picture of himself in a suit. Date 1967–1972 Catalogue reference CRIM 1/4777 This pamphlet was produced by civil rights activist Roy Sawh. Born on a sugar estate in Uitvlugt, Guyana (then Guiana) in 1934, Roy was descended from Indian indentured labourers. His father was a sugar estate worker who was brought to the colony at the end of the 19th century, and his mother was second generation Guyanese. Sawh was perhaps best known for his speeches at Speaker’s Corner in Hyde Park, London, a traditional site for public speeches and debates since the 1800s. In From Where I Stand, he sought to make, ‘the main points of the speech I should make but never do,’ as a result of getting side-tracked by questions from the public. Like many Black and Asian activists, Sawh was under heavy police surveillance. He was put on trial under the Race Relations Act in 1967 for incitement to racial hatred. The pamphlet has been accessioned as part of the records of his trial. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean-history daily 0.75 2026-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b91c795e-2da2-4d7b-ad14-80eceea0aa3b/Screenshot+2025-04-22+at+17.34.44.png Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34fcd131-ffd1-4d85-ab89-133dce690b0a/IMG_20250815_074853.jpg Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94c59fb0-d59e-4cbd-bb9d-4164d9692964/IMG_20250815_075009.jpg Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1183fd53-e7f1-48e5-91f2-17e13b9eff98/Screenshot+2025-08-15+at+11.36.47.png Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4df21864-6745-4051-8e06-8303ffb90bcb/Screenshot+2025-08-15+at+10.38.41.png Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4fc5a601-9a91-41c5-a8bb-49dbf814d407/Screenshot+2025-08-15+at+10.26.44.png Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b32b131-5241-4ab7-a515-5fc49de7f7fb/Screenshot+2025-08-15+at+10.08.43.png Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66e6c5e0-0529-474d-9163-732ef566c765/Screen+Shot+2026-03-06+at+9.10.43+AM.png Caribbean History Library The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution by C.L.R. 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E. Jr., & Torres, A. (Eds.). (1998). Blackness in Latin America and the Caribbean: Social dynamics and cultural transformations (Vols 1–2). Indiana University Press. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/324d5a53-9295-4ffb-a106-ce95b4d3c100/1000019625.jpg Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c3406314-a7e3-4279-af04-eda193d388e7/Screenshot_20251125-170714.jpg Caribbean History Library The Caribbean Biography Series (Beryl McBurnie) by Judy Raymond https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/861f98ba-68b6-4ffc-aded-ccddfa5f6faf/1000014237.jpg Caribbean History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/42511c51-c436-42c8-a7ec-5dcf18ad1a92/618n-2NhJOL._AC_UF1000%2C1000_QL80_.jpg Caribbean History Library Caribbean Dance from Abakuá to Zouk: How Movement Shapes Identity https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-publications daily 0.75 2026-03-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6efed73a-3df9-4e88-aeac-f9612380180f/Screenshot+2024-05-21+at+16.03.37.png African Publications Vita Wa Watu, Book 9 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5d825a2a-ea90-4c62-8038-af556b1e7f34/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+20.56.16.png African Publications Acasa Newsletter. Number 33, April 1992 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d36bcdd-c835-47e1-bc05-f4131abbddb0/1000018945.jpg African Publications Ala Bulletin by African Literature Association. Volume 12, Spring 1986 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e2b86e8-d3d5-4bda-a879-fee5b400dc13/international-.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp African Publications International African Opinion The front cover of volume one of International African Opinion. Date 1937–1965 Catalogue reference MEPO 38/91 International African Opinion described itself as 'the monthly organ of the International African Service Bureau.' Founded in 1937, the editorial of the first issue states the group's aims: 'No people, race or nationality has been oppressed, exploited and humiliated as the black people for centuries past up to the present day, and the Bureau was formed to assist by all means in our power the unco-ordinated struggle of Africans and people of African descent against the oppression from which they suffer in every country.' It goes on to describe the paper’s role 'will be … the mouthpiece of the black workers and peasants, and those intellectuals who see the necessity of making the cause of the masses their own.' Under police surveillance, the file includes several copies from 1938 and 1939, as well as copies of the paper’s predecessors, 'Africa and the World,' and the 'African Sentinel.' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/abf21191-894a-4e99-a2c6-be9a14cd48f6/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+20.53.40.png African Publications Acasa Newsletter - Number 29, December 1990 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772129667536-6NN7IBKQS2SUV95ONC2N/Untitled.png African Publications Afro-Asian Bulletin Vol. IV January-February 1962 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772129769061-PXUGDH5HN5AWEE1NHS7T/aab%2B5.png African Publications Afro-Asian Bulletin VOL. IV Sept-Dec 1962 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772129039620-8R381NRL7S774BH3FABY/afc.png African Publications The African Communist No.2 April 1960 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772130145102-MWOESHNLLYTZ3GRBZ6H7/afc5.png African Publications The African Communist No.5 May 1961 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772131054278-AQANESQ5FCIG9WY0Q91L/afc8.png African Publications The African Communist No.8 January 1962 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772133967043-D8ATHH80IOXJC03Y8XL1/AFRSTRGG1.png African Publications Africa In Struggle No.6 June 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9960300-2f84-4109-8f81-95c902d6a253/Vol.1+No.3a.jpeg African Publications O Combatente, Vol. 1 . 30.sep.1967 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African Publications Acasa Newsletter. Number 46, August 1996 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/47f7b7a1-9996-4692-b116-c6df2417b371/1000018952.jpg African Publications Ala Bulletin by African Literature Association. Volume 15, Summer 1989 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/290c1ba9-6755-4d1e-a4f7-bf0971067def/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+20.54.22.png African Publications Acasa Newsletter - Number 30, April 1991 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772129701346-CQVSXH8R7R8VA0YBW76U/aab.png African Publications Afro-Asian Bulletin Vol. IV March-April 1962 No. 3-4 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772129784046-LIOAVTZGKXF9JXDTMS7B/aab%2Bsupp.png African Publications Afro-Asian Bulletin VOL.IV Supplement Jan-Feb 1962 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772129264539-C1AJZ38S26QSHCQ37W9U/afc2.png African Publications The African Communist No.3 September 1960 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772130177162-O0391MNMA5CAOHQU9JZU/afc6.png African Publications The African Communist No.6 July 1961 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772131079760-QDQM39E6380H0FVGUDE2/afc9.png African Publications The African Communist No.9 April/May 1962 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772133995748-2QIA6A1ZVXL4EFTCTID0/ais7.png African Publications Africa In Struggle No.7 Oct-Dec 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4efa3798-92f7-439f-b81e-8a992a95db50/Vol.2+no.3.jpeg African Publications O Combatente, Vol. 2 No.3 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2aa27a1-5276-4d65-80dc-2caf2993e3fe/Vol.1+No.2.jpeg African Publications O Combatente, Vol. 1 No.2 — 24.August.1967 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/24d41ad7-4f3a-482a-a01b-197046916686/ikwezi-5.jpeg African Publications Ikwezi: A Journal of South African and Southern African Political Analysis No.5 — April.1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7bf4d728-ba37-4db3-a4ac-5af0db3b41a5/sechaba-1-4.jpeg African Publications Sechaba: Official Organ of the African National Congress of South Africa, Vol.1 No. 4 — April.1967 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15faca60-0d81-4be4-932f-bb1e6b217e7f/sechaba-1-9.jpeg African Publications Sechaba: Official Organ of the African National Congress of South Africa, Vol.1 No.9 — September.1967 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c3ea1736-2d8c-48d6-b653-748bd1b92db6/sechaba-3-3.jpeg African Publications Sechaba: Official Organ of the African National Congress of South Africa, Vol.3 No.3 — March.1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b15c7e3-b355-4457-91cd-dd01fd604df3/sechaba-3-10.jpeg African Publications Sechaba: Official Organ of the African National Congress of South Africa, Vol.3 No.10 — October.1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772207168199-92SOWIBOX7449IJHY7YW/angola%2Bin%2Barms.png African Publications Angola In Arms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772207168199-92SOWIBOX7449IJHY7YW/angola%2Bin%2Barms.png African Publications Angola In Arms No.5 July/August/September 1967 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772208240186-JURQ60JRVXEH0OMUNZZP/lib3ii.png African Publications Liberation Vol.2 No.3 March 1973 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772208857508-IAXL81XMAIQL2UYQIM5M/lib1iii.png African Publications Liberation Vol.3 No.1 Sept/Dec 1973 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772209385462-MDSGU8AGOXGVUHQKFIK7/lib2iv.png African Publications Liberation Vol.4 No.2 Dec 1974-Jan 1975 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772210019798-LWI45MXP1N65EZAMARVZ/v5n1.png African Publications Liberation Vol.5 No.1 Sept/Oct 1975 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772210627181-NAW6LXHEHLW576G8KK0K/ethiopia%2Bmay%2B80.png African Publications New Ethiopia Newsletter May 1980 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c69724c5-9027-4cca-9c0d-48b85572f8aa/dawn+79.png African Publications Dawn Monthly Journal Of Umkhonte we Sizwe September 1979 Vol.3 No.8 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772308184751-58NZLI0H2ONGKXQB4Z4U/dawnvol4.png African Publications Dawn Monthly Journal Of Umkhonte we Sizwe May 1980 Vol.4 No.5 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aa9a9c10-7dce-4177-998c-d9ce546ba63c/mozrev36.png African Publications Mozambique Revolution Mozambique Liberation Front No.36 Oct-Dec 1968 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/990f27a3-7252-4047-9761-5e3ac3024ac0/Ain-feb-69-COVER.png African Publications Angola In Arms, February.1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c607469-c1d7-4825-9556-a037a88068a3/development-nationalism.jpeg African Publications The Development of Nationalism in Mozambique https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d6c8fe32-552d-4650-8ae2-816a3450348d/challenge-5.jpeg African Publications Challenge: Journal of Ethiopian Students Association in North America, Vol.5, No.1 — March.1965 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db61733d-c925-47c3-8365-8acf7f5979b0/assimba.jpeg African Publications Assimba: Ethiopian Students Union in North America, Vol.6 No.4 — June.1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb16c864-3882-48d1-9788-ab1a85642929/Screenshot+2024-05-21+at+16.03.47.png African Publications Vita Wa Watu, Book 11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c002fff1-e444-4225-b444-60c23cf6907b/1000018939.jpg African Publications Ala Bulletin by African Literature Association. Volume 15, Fall 1989 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd5995de-93b5-4af7-9f36-9df73b8cb5a8/1000018956.jpg African Publications Ala Bulletin by African Literature Association. Volume 27, Summer 2001 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5046f9d0-ce5d-431d-910b-50b4520adc3c/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+20.53.57.png African Publications Acasa Newsletter - Number 43, August 1995 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772129725371-ICR7MTW0NHW2CIDE4503/aab%2B4.png African Publications Afro-Asian Bulletin Vol. iv No.5-8 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772129290387-UEEDU64WENVN97XGUOTX/FC2.png African Publications The African Communist No.4 January 1961 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772130201919-HW6GNMFHGBXPSZE1SEE5/afc7.png African Publications The African Communist No.7 September 1961 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772131199747-ZOSUB7GWARIDP766Z9SJ/afc10.png African Publications The African Communist No.9 July/August 1962 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Volume 13, Fall 1987 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2e9f50e7-6427-4792-8dd6-966c9da7c7b9/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.36.39.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af0a9bff-be6f-4fcc-ac88-63ae31e13d4e/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+21.16.16.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b571a27e-58e5-4bad-a642-8eaac4deb8f3/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+21.22.36.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9b80c402-48d0-422a-bf2f-e5f34b651658/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+21.23.43.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/pan-africanism-library daily 0.75 2026-02-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94e79328-75f1-400d-afa0-462ead219383/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+18.36.43.png Pan Africanism Library Gold Coast Diasporas by Walker Rucker https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b5fb4773-460b-49f6-b391-8f59b371c827/Screenshot+2024-05-21+at+16.05.25.png Pan Africanism Library Building a Peaceful Nation by Paul Bjerk https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a5ada7e-ec33-46dc-82f9-6eb73864b488/Screenshot_20251126-120850%7E2.png Pan Africanism Library AFRICAN IDENTITIES Race, Nation and Culture in Ethnography, Pan-Africanism and Black Literatures by Kadiatu Kanneh https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e0d4f71c-e6c5-49d9-a184-34ff73b6fc9a/Screenshot+2024-05-21+at+16.02.34.png Pan Africanism Library Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o by Simon Girandi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0223e7f6-9487-4c4a-901c-2b11d765ceee/_OceanofPDF.jpeg Pan Africanism Library Pan-Africanism A History by Hakim Adi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6f908b1-f9d7-4db1-b969-67f8e47c15b5/61KGVDhD7iL._AC_UF894%2C1000_QL80_.jpg Pan Africanism Library The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/42b3484c-6367-4a4c-b412-e0ca88220b8e/digital-64773662accf49.jpeg Pan Africanism Library Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/77bc29eb-a703-4913-ae58-0d06916dae55/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+18.34.38.png Pan Africanism Library The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1ba87a01-29d0-4c5d-ac3c-85df735dcb97/Screenshot+2024-05-21+at+16.04.08.png Pan Africanism Library Rwanda and The New Scramble for Africa by Robin Philpot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d78637d9-fe8f-4cfe-9ead-c501507fde06/9780865430587-uk.jpg Pan Africanism Library Black Africa by Cheikh Anta Diop https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/00bee42b-d6cc-4952-ae04-5b255f22711a/5d7e80a8ea3e9d5274ec032eb073d73d.jpeg Pan Africanism Library Decolonial Marxism: Essays from the Pan-African Revolution by Walter Rodney https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f02ff15-3fd5-449c-93e3-16782244bfdb/Screenshot+2026-02-12+at+7.50.58%E2%80%AFAM.png Pan Africanism Library Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey by Marcus Mosiah Garvey https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/adb00dc0-54c8-4b02-8884-f775954c7fce/61cqCWZoXeL._AC_UF894%2C1000_QL80_.jpg Pan Africanism Library Return to the Source: Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06d2d161-39c3-4232-8a04-d7f2b9780694/1000013713.jpg Pan Africanism Library Emerging Afrikan Survivals by Kamau Kemayó https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c79dc0d4-17d9-42da-968d-14421ae4b1e7/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+18.37.33.png Pan Africanism Library Afro-Catholic Festivals in The Americas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7fb1877d-83dd-4513-8a07-dff79fd56973/Screenshot+2024-05-26+at+15.09.41.png Pan Africanism Library Pan-African History by Hakim Adi and Marika Sherwood https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f30e062-20bf-44f7-8894-64a39f24e18b/black-power-kwame-ture-and-charles-hamilton.jpeg Pan Africanism Library Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America by Kwame Ture & Charles V. 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L. R. James https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-art-library daily 0.75 2026-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8406304-3771-48f6-a989-d3a119dc80ad/Screenshot+2025-03-09+at+18.15.15.png African Art Library Tribal Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c5dee62c-32a3-4870-8495-94060810a413/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+18.12.24.png African Art Library African Imagination by F. Abiola Irele https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aa1eaf82-79f7-495f-a06e-8621df1a93dc/Screenshot+2025-03-13+at+16.30.34.png African Art Library African Fractals by Ron Eglash https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30d4eda5-8896-4e34-a022-0ebc6d5ed504/1000018391.jpg African Art Library African Renaissance by Moyọ Okediji https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e77edc0-3464-4925-9bc9-be964cf51578/1000018399.jpg African Art Library African Art: An Introduction - Dennis Duerden https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ea2f55a-f4ea-4985-8f05-869c0284044c/1000018407.jpg African Art Library African Film: Re-Imagining a Continent by Joseph Gugler https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f3b5770c-8dcc-4fb5-9a3a-cd2ce44254fa/1000018415.jpg African Art Library African Identity, Yoruba Dress: A Social and Cultural History of the Yoruba People https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cee50f57-99ac-4e19-9514-d6fc62a7e854/1000018423.jpg African Art Library Art in Nigeria, 1960 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e7ba0a02-8db5-45e3-b550-84b7ece33d52/1000018431.jpg African Art Library Art of the Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b5e56a9d-0ab5-46fb-a76e-6146f805c8f5/1000018441.jpg African Art Library A Companion to African Cinema https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/910f58a1-06f1-45b0-a18e-ada18379780f/1000018449.jpg African Art Library Afo-A-Hom Sacred Art of Cameroon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3533f651-924c-4d97-86fe-3a3e8ee4ab10/1000018457.jpg African Art Library African Art, Interviews, Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e6e8b039-37e6-460e-811c-d97b3df2f582/Screenshot+2025-10-14+at+15.00.58.png African Art Library The Anthropology of Art - Robert H. Layton https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/82ea074a-dca3-40b5-9ba9-832bd9e41dd9/Screenshot+2025-10-14+at+15.07.48.png African Art Library The Literature and Arts of the Niger Delta - Tanure Ojaide https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/12a6a814-c7cb-42f8-977f-5e7c8e86f852/1000018611.jpg African Art Library Beyond decorum - the photography of Ike Ude https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4c906458-371a-4f9c-8200-5bdfcf19c4f4/1000018621.jpg African Art Library African Writing and Text by Simon Battestini https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9a046a2a-9a2b-432a-a2dc-a7d5557804f0/IMG_20251016_191301.jpg African Art Library CONTEMPORARY ART IN AFRICA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/52b9342c-7ed3-4faa-b2bc-5682c021e9ee/1000018619.jpg African Art Library Africas: The Artist and the City. A Journey and an Exhibition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a5fa0a1d-24c8-44bb-8ca0-5f0568075c3b/1000018627.jpg African Art Library African Ceremonies by Carol Beckwith & Angela Fisher https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1866a2aa-de2b-4563-9b94-da4034efd155/IMG_20251016_191014.jpg African Art Library Fault Lines: Contemporary African Art and Shifting Landscapes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc100187-0799-4167-ae01-f78819646190/Screenshot_20251030-112320.jpg African Art Library The Return of the Gods, The Scared Art of Sussane Wegner. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e643d282-5090-4907-a7af-9a8498bdbcc7/Screenshot_20251030-112857.jpg African Art Library Praise Poems, The Katherine White Collection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ebc848e-b14b-4670-9517-c2c51ad45654/Screenshot_20251030-113043.jpg African Art Library Nigerian Pottery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94258623-7b0f-4451-9869-c59f35291678/1000018615.jpg African Art Library Anthology of African and Indian Ocean Photography - Pascal Martin Saint Léon & NGoné Fall & Frédérique Chapuis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c16c575a-e839-42a1-bf97-876c823a8645/African+Art+-+Dennis+Duerden.jpg African Art Library African Art by Dennis Duerden https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/de300fa4-8c7d-4999-879b-131f13e5f5df/Screenshot+2025-03-09+at+18.17.04.png African Art Library Made to Move: African Nomadic Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b811388a-4d96-45ec-b7b8-4c337e5adb24/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+18.09.50.png African Art Library The Art of Africa by Christa Clarke https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bbacb7f4-d3d3-4cce-a1d4-8a5ec4007d41/Screenshot+2024-05-27+at+14.07.02.png African Art Library African Negro Sculpture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9d9f7f0-0ff6-46d4-927f-8a41ff86f811/1000018397.jpg African Art Library Africa - Women's Art, Women's Lives by Betty LaDuke https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be643315-8da6-45fc-a128-c4b88fb371e0/1000018401.jpg African Art Library African Elegance - Ettagale Blauer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb56b574-710b-4b45-85e9-a36ec1650018/1000018409.jpg African Art Library A Companion to Modern African Art - Gitti Salami and Monica Blacknum Visonà https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/39055f97-d722-4a8d-a0b5-554ffc0bf0bf/1000018417.jpg African Art Library A Dreaming Life: An Autobiography of Chief Twins Seven-Seven https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b43c6cec-e15e-4c2b-b998-64ac263305f2/1000018425.jpg African Art Library Africa Is in Style by Bérénice Geoffroy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b49fd07d-0503-4ff8-bcf4-5b6242aea703/1000018433.jpg African Art Library African Masks https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b7fdbc12-b813-4ec4-9e11-f4daaf572b0a/1000018443.jpg African Art Library African Sculpture An Anthology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4efbf57f-51cf-4796-8c6b-87a0817d2997/1000018451.jpg African Art Library Art in Nigeria 1960 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8dfa39f2-94ca-44bf-9f53-9126e1819000/1000018459.jpg African Art Library African Dress: Fashion, Agency, Performance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34173e6c-0451-4b60-8f4a-70f9aea8fb98/Screenshot+2025-10-14+at+15.01.30.png African Art Library The Black Speculative Arts Movement Black Futurity, Art Design - Reynaldo Anderson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2212e58e-3919-4531-80fd-c20f96d848ae/Screenshot+2025-10-14+at+15.09.04.png African Art Library The Ones That Are Wanted_ Communication and the Politics of Representation in a Photographic Exhibition - Corinne Ann Kratz https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e7d3646-6a30-4393-978a-fc88f84e5086/1000018635.jpg African Art Library African Art at the Harn Museum: Spirit Eyes, Human Hands by Robin Poynor & Samuel P. Harn Museum Of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1d53c140-be11-49d8-b085-7a87ba10aa10/1000018617.jpg African Art Library AFRICOBRA: Experimental Art Toward a School of Thought by Wadsworth A. Jarrell https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2068cc33-f85d-4564-9fbc-c06058463fae/IMG_20251016_191244.jpg African Art Library Contesting Visibility Photographic Practices on the East African Coast https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/75310008-d3bc-4c0b-a053-965bf8c7a99d/1000018631.jpg African Art Library African Art: The Years Since 1920 by Marshall W. Mount https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f03013b-3a89-4ce5-a3a3-a91322af80e1/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+21.36.24.png African Art Library Portraits in Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2b15c78-1180-4cac-9157-0d22bc6da303/Screenshot_20251030-112350.jpg African Art Library Osogbo and the Art of Heritage https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/858938ef-2319-49e4-be80-0ad9b3c9eebc/Screenshot_20251030-112810.jpg African Art Library Nigerian Handcrafted Textiles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d920d6b4-ca45-4d11-bc61-383cceaf9232/Screenshot+2025-10-31+at+11.45.32.png African Art Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/513b1bf8-0c02-4f9b-bfcb-3c1ab010a496/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+8.09.29+PM.png African Art Library Blom, H. (n.d.). Dogon: Images & Traditions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a5d3c414-d59c-458b-8a1b-bb35f3e745a6/Screenshot_20251030-112930.jpg African Art Library Pop Art And Vernacular Cultures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f4cd6eca-17f1-4c7d-9f6f-28d8f99e96ae/Screenshot+2025-03-12+at+23.13.48.png African Art Library African Negro Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/37aa9c3e-480f-4977-81e4-4f1fb71fcb1f/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+18.10.29.png African Art Library Contemporary Art and the Display of Ancient Egypt by Alice Stevenson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f205f15-8206-487f-9bfc-b6db9fbd9222/Screenshot+2025-01-05+at+18.14.18.png African Art Library Art of Oceania, Africa, and the Americas from the Museum of Primitive Arts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4ee5499e-2390-483d-8390-baa27e44b0a4/1000018395.jpg African Art Library African Arts & Culture by Jacqueline Chanda https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cde62f05-d34c-4e66-88f0-765878b68fae/1000018403.jpg African Art Library African and Oceanic Art - Margaret Trowell & Hans Nevermann https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6db69133-c0ed-4000-9e5a-f534e1f1b897/1000018411.jpg African Art Library Africa Through the Eyes of Women Artists - Betty Laduke https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d8b94e1-77c6-49ef-98fc-2e020a086023/1000018419.jpg African Art Library Casting Shadows: Images From a New South Africa - Edward West https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e96f622-814a-4a4f-90ae-4174a2881e0c/1000018427.jpg African Art Library African Nomad Designs - Diane Victoria Horn https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e6ce01af-e6d2-46f6-a1b9-a288b0cf2fed/1000018435.jpg African Art Library African Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/053f1704-c90e-4876-acb9-689fa4acec4e/1000018445.jpg African Art Library African Art of the Dogon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4578979d-1d33-4fe7-94c8-ab4a7c736da3/1000018453.jpg African Art Library African Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a2d05f0-c19e-429a-967f-9f55b1e8ed48/1000018461.jpg African Art Library A New Region of the World_ Aesthetics I https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/114af66d-4c87-4c11-aa36-c9ebcfa01908/Screenshot+2025-10-14+at+15.01.48.png African Art Library The De-Africanization of African Art_ Towards Post-African Aesthetics - Denis Ekpo & Pfunzo Sidogi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce2f0d61-1db9-4ee2-97a7-f22453417156/Screenshot+2025-10-14+at+15.09.20.png African Art Library The Shattered Gourd_ Yoruba Forms in Twentieth Century American Art - Moyosore B. Okediji https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a73ae36f-49f6-471e-ba3b-c75abde8c4b1/1000018633.jpg African Art Library African Art - Its Background and Traditions by René S. Wassing https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/22e0253c-5bb7-464f-8715-8bb10df79ef7/1000018613.jpg African Art Library Art History in Africa by Jan Vansina & Jan Vanisina https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/680f2200-f5e1-4274-8c26-5352f593681e/IMG_20251016_191144.jpg African Art Library Dogon Masks A Structural Study of Form and Meaning https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ffa826b-87f2-4c81-8f8a-ab44d18a80ee/1000018625.jpg African Art Library African Fashion, Global Style: Histories, Innovations, and Ideas You Can Wear by Victoria L. Rovine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/08d31b82-ebfd-4bcf-bf77-f1f237ea09d9/1000018637.jpg African Art Library African Art by Frank Willett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/20fee91d-7bf2-43eb-9cfa-849c0dc95423/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+21.38.24.png African Art Library Divine Inspiration https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/838d46dc-1bd7-4871-99e0-893e357c5116/Screenshot_20251030-112421.jpg African Art Library Nigerian Tribal Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/606f0007-f80a-4267-ba6c-44b44a9bdccd/Screenshot_20251030-112634.jpg African Art Library Olukun: A focal symbol of Religion and art in Benin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/589c9ef2-026b-4a70-abb0-d515cb6c32e4/Screenshot+2025-10-31+at+12.14.49.png African Art Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/82398a19-0071-414b-bce9-4b9312d95dda/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+19.21.00.png African Art Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/602e3cd1-89c0-420d-9337-2ebda9716ae7/Screenshot_20251030-112919.jpg African Art Library Post colonial Modernism https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7af9f46-66df-4083-b61c-73c10dde4987/Screenshot_20251030-112907.jpg African Art Library Nigeria, its archaeology and early history https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9a80798-4d57-4756-a808-33ebce0a821b/Screenshot+2025-01-05+at+18.12.55.png African Art Library African Royal Court Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2decb9b8-01f8-413e-96a1-f56439199171/1000014251.jpg African Art Library Facing Africa - The African Art Collection of the Toledo Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a49700a-c90a-4ab3-ad6f-c863ddee567e/1000018389.jpg African Art Library African Film - New Forms of Aesthetics and Politics by Manthia Diawara https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dfb12aef-4d58-41d1-a8e5-a8572b00fd60/1000018405.jpg African Art Library Black Orpheus, Transition, and Modern Cultural Awakening in Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dbed4e05-d784-45f1-a432-68472b040fe4/1000018413.jpg African Art Library African American Arts: Activism, Aesthetics, and Futurity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd190ddc-2e92-4197-8595-f3946ddb7324/1000018421.jpg African Art Library Antique Works of Art From Benin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ed3d727f-580a-43df-a0b4-ec60b87fc96c/1000018429.jpg African Art Library Art Criticism and Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be423375-f49e-4aa5-937a-5c19ff0d1900/1000018439.jpg African Art Library African Designs of the Congo, Nigeria , The Cameroons and the Guinea Coast https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/691ff6ee-4a9c-4dcd-8de5-fa7416d0cc45/1000018455.jpg African Art Library Art and Ideology in the African Novel https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/04d5c502-7d3b-4202-ad54-5f50b78c9244/Screenshot+2025-10-14+at+15.06.56.png African Art Library The Global Circulation of African Fashion - Joanne B. Eicher https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ea8052c-046f-4bb9-af10-000054aa9a3e/Screenshot+2025-10-14+at+15.19.27.png African Art Library Tradition and Creativity in Tribal Art - Daniel P. Biebuyck https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/67f4255d-ba88-4a1d-94fa-58833544ac76/1000018605.jpg African Art Library Black Orpheus, Transition, and Modern Cultural Awakening in Africa by Peter Benson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9a6fe95b-6aef-45ea-b757-9da539edc3cd/1000018607.jpg African Art Library Black African Cinema by Nwachukwu Frank Ukadike https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60886882-7afe-4d8e-9cff-5726bf6c213a/1000018609.jpg African Art Library Black Africa - Masks Sculpture Jewelry by Laure Meyer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/18ae87d6-fae3-4d3c-9d08-0680586c6b49/IMG_20251016_190958.jpg African Art Library FROM THE WOMB OF EARTH: An Appreciation of Yoruba Bronze Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/961833fa-170a-4742-9e33-8516ca626c7c/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+21.22.58.png African Art Library A History of Art in Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea5a3d93-f11d-4a77-bd9a-b8c8e4d82b51/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+21.25.35.png African Art Library African Canvas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cb378153-b21e-452b-9169-02a363851b3d/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+21.39.49.png African Art Library Contemporary Art from Nigeria in the Global Markets https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5eb46338-8119-43e7-924d-e3b50f72d82f/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+21.39.06.png African Art Library Discrepant Abstraction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c929c5b6-92ea-4f9d-ba34-284b7980c003/Screenshot_20251030-113117.jpg African Art Library Ordering Africa. Anthropology, European Imperialism and the politics of Knowledge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b2cbed9-960f-4536-bc6b-abaae81ac470/Screenshot_20251030-112710.jpg African Art Library The African Image https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c3b7cac-7c9f-4264-b1b0-5fdf921ec2d1/Screenshot_20251030-112432.jpg African Art Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46bda180-f9fb-4a2c-b7ad-3e1e001578ce/1000019631.jpg African Art Library Art of the Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/946eb509-107f-4cab-a95a-34bed1eb3bc0/Screenshot_20251030-112511.jpg African Art Library Sensible Objects https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-british-history daily 0.75 2026-02-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b641fcc5-13e9-49ab-a399-fdccb81f46b8/images+%288%29.jpeg Black British History We Were There by Lanre Bakare https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5755fedf-0024-41c3-b1ce-21e138c559a4/_OceanofPDF.jpeg Black British History Many Struggles: New Histories of African and Caribbean People in Britain https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f6b0461-ad80-443c-99a4-ba5eb6330beb/Screenshot+2026-02-10+at+23.35.22.png Black British History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f0d3194-8f02-465a-a238-bda741acd4b2/Screenshot_20251126-152056%7E2.png Black British History Missing Chapters, A Timeline of Black British History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9cc6effb-8eee-4e7a-b195-220ce8af9917/black_skin_black_flag_3.jpeg Black British History Black Skin Black Flag 3: Atlantic Slavery and British Capitalism https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a717873f-12dc-47fb-8707-30e2d0e14363/images+%287%29.jpeg Black British History Black and British, A Forgotten History by David Olusoga https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/357f70f9-238e-454a-8eb2-eaf4cf41b37f/Screenshot+2026-02-12+at+8.48.58%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British History Writing Black Scotland: Race, Nation and the Devolution of Black Britain by Joseph H. 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Stein https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-history daily 0.75 2026-03-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b5e9252-6691-456a-89e7-e0ef946251e5/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+16.52.05.png African History Library Golden Age of the Moors by Ivan Van Sertima https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b8dbabe3-8f4d-4ba4-8919-69fb3ee13ca7/Screenshot_20251126-084911.jpg African History Library People of Africa by Edith A.How https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/acb6e85f-dc3c-4040-8872-c40b235c615e/1000013704.jpg African History Library The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/afe4d441-c17a-42b7-a914-f3e984021f84/1000013701.jpg African History Library The Open Sore of a Continent by Wole Soyinka https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4b84daa-1288-4e65-83ad-25c14e590b76/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+20.11.54.png African History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d47ed637-9fe5-4a81-ba8e-6cd60ab05dad/default-5.jpg African History Library Disease in African History edited by Gerald w. Hartwig and K. David Patterson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c3307f8-29e1-4d8b-9be7-a492c4126fd8/cu31924030542165.jpg African History Library Select Constitutional Documents Illustrating South African History, 1795-1910 by G.W. 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Mazrui https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50210d30-9dda-4f5c-bca5-2ea0be343416/1000013711.jpg African History Library Return to The Source: Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0efd025c-cfa3-4239-a7dc-2b09eb57838b/Screenshot%2B2025-11-12%2Bat%2B8.47.54%2BPM.png.webp African History Library Black Ranching Frontiers by Andrew Sluyter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f19e6389-ab24-4074-9825-68ebb3916c3c/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+20.23.13.png African History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e354540e-1682-4e2b-8838-1bfababc1fc3/default-4.jpg African History Library Dawn of African History edited by Roland Oliver https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f17ab0e2-9ab9-4948-a3df-36ce3c045176/leadingpointsins00eapr.jpg African History Library Leading Points in South African History, 1486 to March 30 1900 by Edwin A. Pratt https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff439e32-af99-4326-ac1d-2cb8a830ad84/1.webp African History Library History of Southern Africa by Shawn Chimbwanda https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f0398ff-7499-4d2d-a3ed-4b02931af3d9/Africa+since+1800+%28+PDFDrive+%29.jpg African History Library Africa Since 1800 by Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore (Fifth Edition) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65ab4b6b-9442-425b-ba9a-7578c41e274b/Empires_Of_Medieval_West_Africa_Ghana%2C_Mali%2C_And_Songhay_PDFDrive.jpg African History Library Empires of Medieval West Africa by David C. Conrad https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/96fdb307-a909-4f7e-b813-3b58377e7210/the_politics-of-transition_in_kenya.jpg African History Library The Politics of Transition in Kenya edited by Walter O. Oyugi, Peter Wanyande, and C. 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Mhango https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b63b4481-7248-4b84-bd7a-be490f51219e/Africa.+An+Encyclopedia+for+Students.+Sadat+-Vol+4%282002.jpg African History Library Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students edited by John Middleton (Volume 4) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/960202a4-4964-41b6-aef9-218d88512786/81G8SvSdCjL._UF1000%2C1000_QL80_.jpg African History Library Ethnicities and Tribes in Sub-Saharan Africa Opening Old Wounds by S. N. Sangmpam https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9b62c35f-4222-4d60-8923-59ea4797a28a/Afo-A-Kom_+The+Sacred+Art+of+Cameroon+-+Fred+Ferretti.jpg African History Library Afro-a-Kom: Sacred Art of Cameroon by Fred Ferretti https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/32a6f709-fca2-4ac9-a55d-b06a61a538db/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+17.05.02.png African History Library The Invention of the White Race by Theodore W. Allen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2bd404d-7a06-41eb-8267-79d1a2b75ea3/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+19.56.18.png African History Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a38467c-6d09-4fcf-9ffe-686dfda78a64/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+20.01.01.png African History Library The Struggle in Guinea by Amilcar Cabral https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/195e2a5e-2c6c-4973-b871-753ab939ffe0/lightsshadowsofa00good.jpg African History Library Lights and Shadows of African History by Samuel Goodrich https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/963f5bea-547d-4264-a066-e6a98094b041/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+16.01.52.png African History Library Encyclopedia of African History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/37433410-b4b5-4a33-8ea3-2641fc5c85fb/Coloniality_of_power_in_postcolonial_Africa_myths_of_decolonization.jpg African History Library Coloniality of Power in Postcolonial Africa: Myths of Decolonization by Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e69b432-b1f5-46c4-955c-81e743d8bc3d/From+Africa+to+Brazil+Culture%2C+Identi...+%28z-lib.org%29.jpg African History Library From Africa to Brazil: Culture, Identity, and an Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1830 by Walter Hawthorne https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f8a42f5-6937-42c3-99d9-de0f10c1341b/10-years.jpg African History Library Ten Years of the Ethiopian Revolution edited by N. I. Gavrilov, M. V. Rait, V. I. Sharayev and Y. S. Sherr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1ed4ba91-010c-4f8c-9a85-87af73374b80/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+19.36.47.png African History Library Africa and the Discovery of America by Leo Wiener https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16fe00b4-c0a7-4a56-9704-9e9256d6965a/51c9EiBN-hL._SY445_SX342_ML2_.jpg African History Library Africans: The History of a Continent, 2nd Edition edited by John Iliffe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bdf65b16-f90d-4fb2-916c-5cd02dc3db1c/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+17.14.15.png African History Library Revolutionary Path by Kwame Nkrumah https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-origins-library daily 0.75 2026-01-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d0149fb-49ff-4ef6-bb13-c953649df67a/Screenshot+2025-03-09+at+18.40.53.png Black Origins Library The African Origin of Civilization https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2918722-f3a7-4405-a7f3-876099386da0/Screenshot+2024-05-21+at+16.02.04.png Black Origins Library Nature Knows No Color-Line https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/20f15aaf-39f2-4ab7-8041-b9ecdc0a5484/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+8.25.36+PM.png Black Origins Library Gudmundson, L., & Wolfe, J. (Eds.). (2010). Blacks and blackness in Central America: Between race and place. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdb5f42a-0a89-48df-9fd1-593703b0e6d8/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+7.52.47+PM.png Black Origins Library Du Bois, W. E. B. (1915). The Negro. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38ad343e-4378-4a64-a05a-4152ba486609/1000013700.jpg Black Origins Library Decolonising the Mind by Ngūgi wa Thiong'o https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bd632b75-e6ce-454b-a684-e4f936a7aacb/32496384.jpg Black Origins Library The Book of God https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/63d34b40-c49b-488e-a6ab-10ff37972734/Screenshot+2025-03-13+at+16.30.47.png Black Origins Library My Life in Search of Africa by John Henrik Clarke https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1333a06-0716-47db-ba6a-5f8153bd3381/1000013703.jpg Black Origins Library Ritual: Power, Healing and Community by Malidoma Patrice Somé https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a1f7adf-fe08-45a1-9761-a81e18b8895e/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+8.31.36+PM.png Black Origins Library Wade, P. (2010). Race and ethnicity in Latin America (2nd ed.). Pluto Press. Series: Anthropology, Culture and Society. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a85644bd-8917-45fd-9954-9dd57d497e46/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+8.15.47+PM.png Black Origins Library Hogarth, R. A. (2017). Medicalizing blackness: Making racial difference in the Atlantic world, 1780–1840. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e0b19436-6065-468e-948f-1133c397fc57/images.jpg Black Origins Library Emerging Afrikan Survivals An Afrocentric Critical Theory https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53eed13e-3890-4b6b-846e-5402e3279377/61j0vIrK82L._AC_UF894%2C1000_QL80_.jpg Black Origins Library They Came before Columbus by Ivan Van Sertima https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6fa39646-faee-40ba-80a0-ae34ba123be6/Screenshot+2025-03-25+at+23.26.37.png Black Origins Library African Origins of the Major World Religions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e6df8dd-e046-43c9-8aa8-ce1009121265/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+8.40.31+PM.png Black Origins Library Whitten, N. E. Jr., & Torres, A. (Eds.). (1998). Blackness in Latin America and the Caribbean: Social dynamics and cultural transformations (Vols 1–2). Indiana University Press. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c31687aa-0b11-491e-8856-84b52bcd86a3/1000019627.jpg Black Origins Library Melanin: A Key to Freedom by Richard King https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3528f937-7e62-4c06-8077-8ab4d05746e7/71RrIUqshIL._AC_UF350%2C350_QL50_.jpg Black Origins Library Precolonial Black Africa by Cheikh Anta Diop https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-artistry-library daily 0.75 2026-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9992a8b-61c9-4e75-b3cd-c935422c5b86/Screenshot+2025-03-13+at+15.56.16.png Black Artistry Library My Black Death by Arthur Jafa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6708437-4d07-41a1-8815-ed04334ba251/1000013661.jpg Black Artistry Library Flash of The Spirit by Robert Farris Thompson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87d199db-7e63-4b77-b7c7-a39b427bd4a2/Screen+Shot+2026-03-06+at+9.25.50+AM.png Black Artistry Library The Ghosts of Songs: The Film Art of the Black Audio Film Collective edited by Kodwo Eshun and Anjalika Sagar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be0a8e26-39ad-411b-84aa-c20fc3a55246/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.02.19%E2%80%AFAM.png Black Artistry Library The African Imagination in Music https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bdbe5c6c-7a65-450c-b9e6-c7994ef8453d/Screenshot+2025-04-22+at+17.49.24.png Black Artistry Library The Black Arts Enteprise and the Production of African American Poetry by Howard Rambsy II https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f887d28-7ea9-4822-aaa9-143228578fad/1000013687.jpg Black Artistry Library Soundworks by Anthony Reed https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/802acf87-6dfd-41db-a66e-3c2fd86c873b/818gzIG1jYL._UF1000%2C1000_QL80_.jpg Black Artistry Library Global Nollywood The Transnational Dimensions of an African Video Film Industry EDITED BY Matthias Krings and Onookome Okome https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07a6dfe1-3552-41ea-94ae-42752518e5ae/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+8.10.38%E2%80%AFAM.png Black Artistry Library The Wiley Blackwell Anthology of African American Literature Volume 2: 1920 to the Present https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b918520-7ef1-4c5c-9272-55da9f829fd0/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.03.23%E2%80%AFAM.png Black Artistry Library African Identities: Race, Nation, and Culture in Ethnography, Pan-Africanism, and Black Literatures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e7085ca0-fa0d-4c38-835f-9adbb5112824/Screenshot+2025-04-22+at+17.54.43.png Black Artistry Library Contemporary Art and the Display of Ancient Egypt by Alice Stevenson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2ef177f-d645-49e0-856e-ba71d6f5ebda/Screenshot+2026-02-16+at+10.24.05%E2%80%AFAM.png Black Artistry Library A Language of Song: Journeys in the Musical World of the African Diaspora by Samuel Charters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c3e177a-f7da-4f93-bf68-fdde97cc93ac/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+8.59.11%E2%80%AFAM.png Black Artistry Library Rhapsodies in Black: Art of the Harlem Renaissance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/252f0255-a09f-4cb0-8e33-80c0952c673c/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.04.08%E2%80%AFAM.png Black Artistry Library Black Performance Theory https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/12543a3c-9032-4971-af78-bf44591daae2/Screenshot+2025-04-22+at+17.51.23.png Black Artistry Library Jewellery of the Ancient World https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/770f3e5d-f7eb-4492-803e-b518ad9ce6ee/Screenshot+2026-02-16+at+8.56.46%E2%80%AFAM.png Black Artistry Library The Worlds of Langston Hughes: Modernism and Translation in the Americas by Vera M. 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d069b8f-f903-4b68-933f-eb584ad50e85/BuffBayValleyHerbs.jpeg African and Caribbean Herbalism Buff.Bay Valley: Herbs and Traditional Uses https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d393a004-7bf0-4997-a8cc-89c2473614bc/fdc8a51fda18aff1021f7239a4230798e1e5.jpg African and Caribbean Herbalism Herbal Medicines in African Traditional Medicine by Ezekwesili-Ofili Josephine Ozioma and Okaka Antoinette Nwamaka Chinwe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/694663a7-f8a9-4c03-a792-d4f790be5e85/preview-9780429804489_A39443586.jpg African and Caribbean Herbalism Healing Plants of Nigeria: Ethnomedicine and Therapeutic Applications by Anselm Adodo Maurice M. Iwu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2605b27-c8e3-491d-a3f3-4cc39f37150d/Screenshot+2026-04-01+at+8.39.42%E2%80%AFAM.png African and Caribbean Herbalism DOMINICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: A GUIDE FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS Second Edition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53aee1b4-7530-4387-bfa3-1ee7b8c5d17a/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+08.51.01.png African and Caribbean Herbalism https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/faa09a76-829c-4201-a704-b88ba9569c6a/ahm-special-issue-14.png African and Caribbean Herbalism The African Health Monitor Special Issue: African Traditional Medicine Day https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/04a2c005-6c7a-4513-9b61-c95bb02906c2/Indigenous+Medicine+and+Knowledge+in+African+Society+by+Kwasi+B.+Konadu.jpeg African and Caribbean Herbalism Indigenous Medicine and Knowledge in African Society by Kwasi Konadu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e1449166-1aad-4f5b-a4fd-486b14881e90/hausamedicine01wall.jpg African and Caribbean Herbalism Hausa Medicine: Illness and Well-being in a West African Culture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3590ad1c-b630-43ca-bf15-1a33f5b06eb1/preview-9781466571983_A37870962.jpg African and Caribbean Herbalism Handbook of African Medicinal Plants by Maurice M. Iwu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a131b819-2c9e-42d1-8e24-ff93f39c74b2/Screenshot+2026-04-01+at+8.41.01%E2%80%AFAM.png African and Caribbean Herbalism Technical Manual for the Production of Specific Herbal Plants in Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e5fe982-fef3-41ce-be27-0881208718a5/Screenshot+2026-01-14+at+16.30.11.png African and Caribbean Herbalism https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6fc8f3ba-7c83-44e9-96eb-b91578aea662/Alkaline+Herbal+Medicine-+Reverse+Disease+and+Heal+the+Electric+Body+%28+PDFDrive+%29.jpeg African and Caribbean Herbalism AlKaline Herbal Medicine Aqiyl Aniys https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bbcd2e0f-4c15-48ab-859a-a56dccd8db64/Sacred+Woman+A+Guide+to+Healing+the+Feminine+Body+Mind+and+Spirit+Queen+Afua.jpeg African and Caribbean Herbalism Scared Woman: A Guide to Healing The Feminine Body, Mind, And Spirit by Queen Afua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f5aa49fa-5422-4f21-abc9-0a1c0072f5ea/Ethnobotany-Conservation-Medicinal-Plants_E.jpg African and Caribbean Herbalism Ethnobotany and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Africa: The Way Forward in the Next Decade by RLA Mahunnah https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/572ba3ab-0b82-4285-817f-aa21755ec44e/Rasmussen-WomenKnowTrees-1998.jpg African and Caribbean Herbalism Only Women Know Trees: Medicine Women and the Role of Herbal Healing in Tuareg Culture by Susan J. Rasmussen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/882f6a1d-35cb-4aa0-b4de-51ccb558a9c1/91039%2Bn7CnL._UF1000%2C1000_QL80_.jpg African and Caribbean Herbalism Common Medicinal Plants of Portland, Jamaica https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean-art-library daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2e8be444-6657-488c-9562-4d981dd8e487/Screenshot+2025-04-16+at+21.28.52.png Caribbean Art Library Jewels of Taino Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13382a14-c12e-4051-a19a-4ddd486954b8/Screenshot_20251125-170020.jpg Caribbean Art Library A Challenging Endeavor, The Arts in Trinidad and Tobago by Inter-American Development Bank -IDB Cultural Center of Arts Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7273365-ba4c-46b5-ae6b-00acb8ab48cd/Clay_The+Potters+of+Barbados_1996.jpg Caribbean Art Library The National Cultural Foundation. (1996). Clay: The Potters of Barbados [Exhibition catalogue]. Exhibted at Queen's Park Gallery February 24 - March 19 1996. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f2e5a14-8af7-46fb-905b-c684ecd23069/Screenshot+2025-04-21+at+7.42.59%E2%80%AFPM.png Caribbean Art Library Jamaica Making: The Theresa Roberts Art Collection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/050e5739-c9d2-4ddc-8bbe-fa4d81d94952/Screenshot_20251125-165842.jpg Caribbean Art Library Tropical is Political: Caribbean Art's Under The Visitor Economy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9147d9d5-0d1f-4f82-812a-48c281d55a99/Screenshot_20251125-170653.jpg Caribbean Art Library Taino, Pre-Columbian Art and Culture from the Caribbean. Edited by Fatima Bercht et.al https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2545211b-4b50-4491-8a89-f8c37e4d49e4/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+20.43.29.png Caribbean Art Library https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/twa-pygamies daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13fcefba-932e-4370-887a-74523c8341f7/88f3f267f3100134f08611e5db77f3fd.jpg Twa / Pygamies southern tropical Baka people. Previously called Pygmies, they are generally shorter than 5 feet tall. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fef2fce0-f0ca-4085-9e47-113daab2934b/955c758b7cc185a9439715fa2288d721.jpg Twa / Pygamies "The Twa of the Great Lakes region belong to the Pygmy peoples of Africa. They are generally considered to be the oldest inhabitants of the region..." https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/408772103673957596/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bf0faba5-c52d-4eca-b011-89c5f088d709/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+10.34.58+PM.png Twa / Pygamies Pygmy Dance Near Semliki National Park, Uganda https://www.flickr.com/photos/cowyeow/5553125562 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4497ade0-7b47-4cbd-b021-caf5673a21e5/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+10.46.31+PM.png Twa / Pygamies "Pygmy." (From the Department of Anthropology at the 1904 World's Fair). Pygmy." (From the Department of Anthropology at the 1904 World's Fair). The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, known as the St. Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, from April 30 to December 1, 1904. https://picryl.com/media/pygmy-from-the-department-of-anthropology-at-the-1904-worlds-fair-1955b1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ba018419-5ca6-4eff-89cc-6cbfdae713f9/Dancing_pygmies.jpg Twa / Pygamies A group of pygmies, including Ota Benga, dancing at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.(1904). Scan from The Pygmy at the Zoo, in the public domain and out of copyright. "Pygmies" (Pygmies from Central Africa dancing on platform in front of the Palace of Manufactures at the 1904 World's Fair on 28 July 1904).jpg. http://middled.blogspot.com/2007/09/middle-history-pygmies-in-st-louis.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/515da2d4-4c47-4fcb-a7b7-ed634d8c3502/metadc847253_xl_UNTA_AR0834-01-10-1534.jpg Twa / Pygamies Photograph of Pygmy people dancing in the Ituri Forest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zichner, Mildred Schaeffer 1968. https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc847253/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/459cc1cb-dd85-42a1-bb9f-5fa47743d00b/batwa5.jpeg Twa / Pygamies © Xavi de las Heras - Burundi 2021 & Emili Bayona - Burundi 2025 via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/batwa.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6bf8018-145e-4afa-8e74-2e8861c1c0c3/batwa4.jpeg Twa / Pygamies © Xavi de las Heras - Burundi 2021 & Emili Bayona - Burundi 2025 via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/batwa.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15ace3a5-8336-44c6-9f20-a5ce4e00661c/batwa1.jpeg Twa / Pygamies © Xavi de las Heras - Burundi 2021 & Emili Bayona - Burundi 2025 via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/batwa.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/631d1570-9714-49af-8d15-7922c789ae08/figures.jpeg Twa / Pygamies 022: SIX CONGO PYGMIES IN BRITAIN 1905-1907, Jeffrey Green via https://jeffreygreen.co.uk/six-congo-pygmies-in-britain-1905-1907/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2cc73000-27e0-4683-82ec-622d0e0bcb5d/baaka-pygmies-music.jpg Twa / Pygamies The "N'zamba Lela Group" (Aka Pygmies of the Central African Republic) on the stage of a theater during the performance of a polyphonic choral song. via https://www.pygmies.org/aka/music-dance.php https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/17e94e6e-2e2d-4151-aeac-4a21dfeb5c85/bamzee1.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies brought over from the Congo via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f23a147-fa15-456b-941c-ed332a16d015/bamzee5.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies in London via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4b7ce470-0e9c-4c4a-a846-a7da8d47691a/bamzee9.gif Twa / Pygamies Pygmies in Africa via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e56ce6c0-c560-4441-8b59-cee03d29842e/bamzee12.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies in Africa via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/48aa18a4-5a11-4282-b96e-456b5608bcd9/bamzee15.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Ota Benga via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775053676114-XYFPHGKA8TK9241J4WXD/pygmies-of-central-africa-web.jpg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies of Central Africa, photographed by Sir (John) Benjamin Stone, 1905. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d066b43f-acad-49fb-9a14-278cb84181ca/178873291_3831857423602966_248995723853221736_n.jpg Twa / Pygamies The Twa people of Burundi, also called Batwa, are scattered across equatorial Africa. The Twa, averaging about 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in height, are a people of mixed ancestry. Photography: Monumental Expeditions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c42d69a-6ac4-4a04-ad0e-b0713943cc0a/Gill.png Twa / Pygamies ‘African Pygmies’: Females, al-Muqtaṭaf 30 (1905), insert between 508-9. https://worldhistory.columbia.edu/content/egypt-and-her-inhabitants-translation-science-race-al-muqtataf-1885-1907 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6c75ea77-060b-4434-9fb8-0f5f5a11b2d9/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+10.43.46+PM.png Twa / Pygamies Group of Pygmy young men in the Department of Anthropology exhibit at the 1904 World's Fair. Collection - Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904 The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, known as the St. Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, from April 30 to December 1, 1904. https://picryl.com/media/group-of-pygmy-young-men-in-the-department-of-anthropology-exhibit-at-the-1904-2a6356 label_outline. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3566ac8d-7b1d-4491-8605-a6e8af34c6c6/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+10.59.36+PM.png Twa / Pygamies "Cannibal." (Ota Benga, Pygmy. Part of Department of Anthropology at the 1904 World's Fair). The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, known as the St. Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, from April 30 to December 1, 1904. https://picryl.com/media/cannibal-ota-benga-pygmy-part-of-department-of-anthropology-at-the-1904-worlds-e4ab60 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76f2c458-d429-4486-958d-5c414c4f326f/Pygmies_from_Central_Africa%2C_representing_four_tribes._-_3_Latuma%2C_Crown-Prince_of_Batubats%2C_Belg._Congo.jpg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies from Central Africa, representing four tribes. - 3 Latuma, Crown-Prince of Batubats, Belg. Congo.jpg [Pygmies]. [Department of Anthropology]. [Louisiana Purchase Exposition].. Photograph attributed to Jessie Tarbox Beals, 1904. St. Louis World's Fair Album, 1904- LPE (Volume 11 of 11). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pygmies_from_Central_Africa,_representing_four_tribes._-_3_Latuma,_Crown-Prince_of_Batubats,_Belg._Congo.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/acaeaa31-2923-4196-8800-7524e90a7d36/batwa6.jpeg Twa / Pygamies © Xavi de las Heras - Burundi 2021 & Emili Bayona - Burundi 2025 via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/batwa.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b86d1322-2a54-418b-8caf-e464854176bb/batwa7.jpeg Twa / Pygamies © Xavi de las Heras - Burundi 2021 & Emili Bayona - Burundi 2025 via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/batwa.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0c54decc-a5f4-44a8-b090-0bfc3d54d19b/batwa2.jpeg Twa / Pygamies © Xavi de las Heras - Burundi 2021 & Emili Bayona - Burundi 2025 via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/batwa.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/812e8cf2-9088-4743-9dba-e7bb41ca8249/record.jpeg Twa / Pygamies 022: SIX CONGO PYGMIES IN BRITAIN 1905-1907, Jeffrey Green via https://jeffreygreen.co.uk/six-congo-pygmies-in-britain-1905-1907/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a50e7777-ba08-4eac-8b20-87fe51d45b35/baaka-pygmy-dance.jpg Twa / Pygamies Aka dancers. via https://www.pygmies.org/aka/music-dance.php https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b1db625-ff78-414d-b72c-431ff8ce99bf/bamzee2.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies in London via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/270ab06e-ec4e-4b69-8eb9-a685a34c6a4f/bamzee6.gif Twa / Pygamies Pygmies in Africa via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7e66ae6-4406-47a7-89ab-f3b920a450e9/bamzee10.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies in Africa via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27258868-90dd-429f-b75b-0b8d7529480e/bamzee13.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Ota Benga via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6c9fdd5-e243-4146-84ae-30bde14f8fe0/bamzee16.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Ota Benga via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775053733409-OGYIT3J5SVMU4NV24INU/african-pygmies-in-london-including-william-hoffman-web-2.jpg Twa / Pygamies African Pygmies in London (including William Hoffman), photographed by Sir (John) Benjamin Stone, 1905. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1c4e03c0-725d-432e-a7cf-1ba04ece43f6/Screenshot+2025-09-25+at+11.03.16+PM.png Twa / Pygamies African pygmy Ota Benga and chimpanzee, vol. 19, no. 4, page 1378. https://picryl.com/media/african-pygmy-ota-benga-and-chimpanzee-vol-19-no-4-page-1378-fe4efd https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8d98958-fedc-4596-8e70-1f43613eb572/batwa3.jpeg Twa / Pygamies © Xavi de las Heras - Burundi 2021 & Emili Bayona - Burundi 2025 via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/batwa.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bb554924-1d46-448f-aa24-1ddfcacc8ec5/bamzee3.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Pygmy in London via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bf12d061-29d0-4628-bd87-402d1f7b0c80/bamzee7.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies in Africa via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d3ded55d-3636-4feb-82a8-8911e4f8d780/bamzee11.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Pygmies in Africa via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/95bfd8ef-0c48-4df5-ab51-6cdf613f3276/bamzee14.jpeg Twa / Pygamies Ota Benga via http://www.bamzee.net/pygmies-in-the-rockies.html#PhotoSwipe1753698487854 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/14e00a2b-f3bc-4386-b4e3-d6860fd043a6/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+22.53.02.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean-architecture daily 0.75 2025-05-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/401cecba-b3f7-45b0-912f-9ba2f297e5de/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.33.16.png Caribbean Architecture Native Hut and Kitchen, Jamaica (1899) – Published by C.H. Graves https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a80f2169-2f0c-4b1c-a839-cdec6174df53/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.29.12.png Caribbean Architecture Amerindian Hut at the Entrance to Fond d’Or – Photographed by Chris Huxley https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e77b633-fb1d-4c96-949a-d02e89f5d7d8/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.47.46.png Caribbean Architecture Intersection of Camp and Murray Streets (now Quamina Street) – A historical view of a key crossroads, capturing the evolving urban landscape and colonial-era architecture at the heart of the city https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f0a6155-389f-4eca-84d2-3be5e5baeac7/7fe1466fee0d8f536a3be0a77b635e03.jpg Caribbean Architecture Guyana, formerly British Guiana (Georgetown) Bank, 1905 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8a096f0-be4c-4e9b-a4c2-8634549ccd42/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+10.02.41.png Caribbean Architecture Local House, Port Antonio, Jamaica. Taken in October 1958 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/858547a3-9d42-4c9f-bf64-40e7f897fbb7/6931f37a921254fe429afd6cae7aad3a.jpg Caribbean Architecture Waiting for Coppers, Over-the-Hill, Nassau, Bahamas, 1908 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/970842aa-4f5a-4538-91a4-4b2192da0ac5/54681c503fc40cfbde5c53b59fdb969c.jpg Caribbean Architecture Milk Stand - Nassau, Bahamas, 1950 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/970842aa-4f5a-4538-91a4-4b2192da0ac5/54681c503fc40cfbde5c53b59fdb969c.jpg Caribbean Architecture Milk Stand - Nassau, Bahamas, 1950 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b412b5ac-25ee-4028-b6c5-4983890ea572/9c0b99843c8d70d0227bcbfe89634fe5.jpg Caribbean Architecture Grant's Town Cottages, Nassau, Bahamas, circa 1900 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c464b4c7-774e-4c3b-8220-846129372646/d9f2581c60c0f2ecf7a309628cd19c37.jpg Caribbean Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f0e79b7-973d-4210-8b6f-68f0575be8e3/c1527df9676794869ce05641129b403e.jpg Caribbean Architecture Coolie Hut, Jamaica ca 1898 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/daf682ea-1710-442c-8fe9-e9af730faea7/acde90417560c7c905f3a5a4519e36b1.jpg Caribbean Architecture "La Guadeloupe d'autrefois" Guadeloupe of yesteryear https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0cd8ec9-3b84-46d9-bc96-811cb1ba9783/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+11.03.07.png Caribbean Architecture Balata arbeiders in Suriname, 1880-1900 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff49a743-4ac6-4d1c-8711-1dbc8d95d000/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.17.26.png Caribbean Architecture The Village Belle, Jamaica (1899) Captured by C.H. Graves (Publisher No. 96, Item 1-433) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/767cf818-3c58-43af-8b70-f3d2dc4c9f94/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.38.14.png Caribbean Architecture Building a Thatched Hut in Jamaica (1899) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a280f82d-7de5-4da3-be7a-862b979c98f9/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.47.03.png Caribbean Architecture Panoramic View of Bookers Stores (now Guyana Stores) A sweeping look at what was reportedly the largest retail establishment in the Caribbean at the time, this striking image showcases the scale and prominence of the historic Bookers complex in its heyday https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1035d959-ea22-4400-b569-aadfa3fef360/Day+127+-+Moonrise+2+-+1024px.jpg Caribbean Architecture A Typical Style of House in Aishalton, Guyana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc9c9225-edf6-4220-85f1-0cdec0a5a474/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.58.51.png Caribbean Architecture Jubilee Market and West Queen Street Stores – Likely taken in Kingston, Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8b161ba7-206f-4c02-97e5-4d2616a09e99/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+10.04.48.png Caribbean Architecture Gordontown, Jamaica, circa 1890 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfd40082-34cf-4543-8b46-4f258a04f3d4/7f6e43291da0fe768735bd86f110b8c1.jpg Caribbean Architecture Thatched Hut, Over-The-Hill, Nassau, Bahamas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/77a14478-b718-459b-a55e-59043f54c742/60bf97883d944e78d8a0c0394d41f016.jpg Caribbean Architecture Blue Hill Road Old Silk Cotton Tree, Nassau, Bahamas 1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/77a14478-b718-459b-a55e-59043f54c742/60bf97883d944e78d8a0c0394d41f016.jpg Caribbean Architecture Blue Hill Road Old Silk Cotton Tree, Nassau, Bahamas 1940 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f767fae-1a48-4967-819c-fe1f1d2eea52/8ab92c8b74dfd60104f2162af12ba47a.jpg Caribbean Architecture Street View, Over-The-Hill, Nassau, New Providence, 1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fc22999f-6ed0-4db1-a3e0-b4c6c96ec894/e904186ac03c8c318748090114ebbb83.jpg Caribbean Architecture Woman by Well, Nassau, Bahamas, ca 1900 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e52e7056-4733-4ea4-a3ca-31a2b25dd780/58f42a6e298038a777c1ab7f5eee8cc1.jpg Caribbean Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99bd87d9-f006-4419-a1a8-ed8b3c381c55/80b4638244bc173cbbb2da97c3931bae.jpg Caribbean Architecture A Native Hut, Jamaica, ca 1898 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9556155-9ad4-44f0-be38-2ffc5677ae5d/27907fecec7ed57cff64eac3efbd7ae9.jpg Caribbean Architecture Thatched Hut, Nassau, Bahamas, 1915 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46c135ef-487f-4893-81b7-300e3adc65e1/9cef8a44ca316b8fb6a4bd806e1e0902.jpg Caribbean Architecture Grant's Town Bungalow, Nassau, Bahamas, 1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea9c73f3-4ad0-4b2c-8e15-44198947e58f/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.32.33.png Caribbean Architecture Three native Puerto Rican women in front of their hut houses https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ecb4186-1144-404e-bd40-f1fd81fb9197/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+09.44.47.png Caribbean Architecture Local House and Children, Port Antonio, Jamaica – Captured in October 1958 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d8750357-7443-489d-a291-b6fc4762c2e4/Screenshot+2025-05-16+at+10.08.02.png Caribbean Architecture “Les maisons à travers la Dominique” Houses Across Dominica – A visual journey showcasing the diverse architectural styles and traditional homes found throughout the island of Dominica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27793f03-5016-4799-9e3a-099d311efbf6/c858624b74e7a1f802bb9db16855dbba.jpg Caribbean Architecture City Market, Bay Street, Nassau, Bahamas, 1910. Photo by WR Saunders https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6a13e30d-fe89-4632-b494-e8831ceb89cf/7f6e43291da0fe768735bd86f110b8c1.jpg Caribbean Architecture Grants Town Cottages, 1900, Nassau, Bahamas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/26c9b757-08fb-4eee-b07c-f826ee5af668/7b72dd1df5936f925b6bf7a7d7006c2c.jpg Caribbean Architecture Traditional architecture of the Caribbean region https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85271565-aad4-4c97-b21c-0784c6560eb5/4f40ffdfc13ca6653b9a521f3e379a1b.jpg Caribbean Architecture TOTOMBOTI https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea58270e-6a40-47ef-9d10-f09ff10c4119/353417a6f7bb761ae2241f740bb28656.jpg Caribbean Architecture Grants Town Bungalows, Nassau, Bahamas, 1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1472b215-5dcb-4e1d-a00f-75caa8b65a4e/9cef8a44ca316b8fb6a4bd806e1e0902.jpg Caribbean Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62aadfcd-3b1c-4b38-9e83-dfdddb55a8a9/c93e26c50a6fd035f11a939a4095031e.jpg Caribbean Architecture Native Hut and OutHouse, Over The Hill, New Providence, 1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0aca4397-f731-4bee-837a-9542a4d69ea8/70820143dbe489cc66de10697aa2dc95.jpg Caribbean Architecture Parliament Square, Nassau, Bahamas. 1890s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5d5a59fa-4b28-47cd-8d79-af61e813f451/d05f3c7c8165cc8100c8856a8d012dfd.jpg Caribbean Architecture Houses in Outskirts of Bridgetown, Barbados https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec077e18-340b-4767-a956-a3601b2e4160/89847c39f631f3bbed68cf8c9d7eee6e.jpg Caribbean Architecture Over The Hill, Nassau, Bahamas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1927a8ef-22a1-4868-ae9c-304d6fd2f41f/174bbc8d658f7fd87bd0f0d3cf7fa37b.jpg Caribbean Architecture Thatched Hut, Over-The-Hill, Nassau, Bahamas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/896408af-cdd6-421b-8e80-f1142438f1cf/8bd7b7ddc81ffa6e54c701ef05a0e331.jpg Caribbean Architecture "Green Mountain House." Corner of Princes and Market Streets, Nassau, Bahamas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2a5739d-f336-42e6-baeb-f4684876f153/52f5b61a395fae9bc5e7a43969a7c363.jpg Caribbean Architecture Governor's Harbour, Eleuthera, Bahamas, 1905 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b5993045-c572-4c34-b392-066cefb1372e/8bd7b7ddc81ffa6e54c701ef05a0e331.jpg Caribbean Architecture "Green Mountain House." Corner of Princes and Market Streets, Nassau, Bahamas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5481e3c2-33c3-4d80-a317-a90d8b81efb7/2d7aeac54942b5644f25894278ae19d5.jpg Caribbean Architecture St. Johns Primary School, Nevis (also known as Brown Pasture School) 1953 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d667bc76-e5e7-46fc-bb6b-f4f899e71662/90fdf1cf2ed6ecf09c863766af990187.jpg Caribbean Architecture A sugar mill and ox-team with sugar cane, St. Kitts https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-architecture daily 0.75 2026-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4208c6a9-9953-4bb0-9b3e-ec67aec38d11/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.05.29.png African Architecture Dinka village homestead near Bor, South Sudan, 1910. Two women stand beside pots near the courtyard entrance. Photo by Charles Gabriel Seligman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6d5bb09-aa00-40eb-859a-9fed17f84f7f/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.12.26.png African Architecture Created by mystic Serigne Omar Sy (b. 1913), this straw-built compound honors a sacred material revealed to him in a dream. Photo c. early 2000s (Roberts & Roberts, 2003) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94e4042a-333a-42df-a686-a496ece806ff/traditional-benin-architecture-1500x1046.jpg African Architecture Traditional Benin Architecture. Image Courtesy of Mathias Agbo, Jr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec008962-a85e-4658-991a-e94b22ae6871/tumblr_m836wtHyHy1qjh37to1_500.jpg African Architecture Nkamalo shrine inside Ezi Akputa compound, Mgbom village, Afikpo Village-Group, Ebonyi/Abia State, Nigeria. Simon Ottenberg, 1951–1953. Image credit: Nairaland Forum, August 02, 2012. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fa687a44-7afa-4901-ac3e-36a16eec1f6d/IgboDoor26.jpg African Architecture Intricately carved Igbo doors from Nigeria, made of sacred iroko wood, serving as powerful entrance portals to the male obi meeting house. Noted for V-shaped chip carving and symbolic contrasts. Photographs © Hamill Gallery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3aade1be-5a9e-4fbe-9292-5ff2b494e3a5/IgboDoor23.jpg African Architecture The intricately carved doors of the Igbo people of Nigeria are impressive. Carved from sacred iroko hardwood for major patrons, they served as entrance portals to an obi, the male meeting house. Iroko wood is associated with males, power, and certain mysteries, with the tree’s spirit ritually placated before felling. The large planks were extremely difficult to make. The doors are distinguished by careful chip carving into V-shaped grooves and contrasts of plain with densely carved areas. Credited to Photographs © Hamill Gallery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46c88a91-4506-40f0-b89a-ab4a5d2ba57c/tumblr_piig0q9XK81qjh37to1_1280.jpg African Architecture Entrance of a compound in Agukwu Nri, photographed by Northcote Thomas in 1911. Credit: Ụkpụrụ̄ – Historical images of the Igbo, their neighbours and beyond via Tumblr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/47315c49-0772-4ea7-be23-686f6f488a52/tumblr_prx89pmNUK1qjh37to1_1280.jpg African Architecture A sacred Alụsị compound in an unnamed Igbo community—where earth, spirit, and tradition converge in a space of ritual and reverence. Referenced in A.E. Afigbo’s 1970 article, “Sir Ralph Moor and the Economic Development of Southern Nigeria: 1896–1903,” Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol. V, No. 3, pp. 376–377. Credit: Ụkpụrụ̄ – Historical images of the Igbo, their neighbours and beyond via Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bb9986f7-08cc-4d94-b1db-87698dd52b78/75fe70f9f780931bd8f5b6ce0a96ca3a.jpg African Architecture Musgum mud huts of Cameroon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69f054c8-e400-4f5c-8849-dbefe423dead/31a8a2ace9434859ed98861dea496515.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4b08eb25-9948-436e-8700-91d2be7f79f4/tumblr_o7zjcvIijh1qjh37to7_640.jpg African Architecture Echoes of elegance in earth - refined traditional architecture from the Lower Guinea region of West Africa, where form, function, and artistry were molded from soil and spirit. Credit: Ụkpụrụ̄ – Historical images of the Igbo, their neighbours and beyond via Tumblr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f6c277a2-4916-4f7e-b41f-d2e7d5ceaebd/bigstock-Unique-monolithic-rock-hewn-Ch-77030435.jpg African Architecture The rock-hewn churches of Ethiopia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd9750ba-2bfa-4987-99a9-34816ccb4eda/57fdbea562f633e74b1ff39d1eba294b.jpg African Architecture Hausa architecture style, likely in Kano, Nigeria, circa 1955. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6fbebb4a-1b69-4f10-94e8-15634244f448/4f0f4e02744e6bb2ad54c2eac3593aad.jpg African Architecture Mangbetu village, likely in the northeastern Congo region, around the early 1900s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a5808c7a-79d2-4069-94e7-9e679a2b5966/a80a839fc5da04696e6fdbfbf908774e-2.jpg African Architecture Large ikoro slit gong, a traditional communication instrument of the Igbo people of Southeast Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c52288b6-b9d9-49c1-a4da-5bb822e181e7/10d2238ddc52963be5996481fc435a69.jpg African Architecture Dalaba, Fouta-djallon, Guinée https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9888b1eb-045a-4f93-8193-e9057943dba5/40048980_322437294982268_6214795064309186560_n-930x1073.jpg African Architecture Mosquée de la DivInité, Senegal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e86f036-993b-4ad8-82bc-20c918e6e126/42ab5187db9a795dae26ed7109f37e82.jpg African Architecture Lamidat de Rey-Bouba, a historic royal palace complex in northern Cameroon. Lamidat of Rey-Bouba (Cameroon), in January 1974. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/413f9d94-c6e7-4006-8deb-78deff3964ec/301b558e416a5c875854b369e90d909a.jpg African Architecture Niger Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a14c231-0efc-4a77-bda8-c81c98937142/10bf6194a54397c87b5fb3d422befde4.jpg African Architecture This image displays a traditional Musgum earthenware corn store. These structures are made by the Musgum people, who reside in parts of Cameroon and Chad. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/474bdb5c-fc5c-41a8-8712-4c7b875003ea/f73f792de4bcbb8badcd97e74da94b8c.jpg African Architecture Section of door at the main entrance of Nri compound, northern Igboland, Nigeria, July 1978. Photo: Nancy C. Neaher. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/406490f9-83ea-4be9-9cd8-7b9c178cf524/c1111e900d61a2525272e32459359820.jpg African Architecture Carved wooden posts, known as togu'na posts, from the Dogon people of Mali. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b96e285-6080-4c55-9412-3e104a619b61/d28f3c48e0e4ae4dc2d0ce6799a4f8b0.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9357a952-ce56-4469-a400-1b71c38b935a/fa54445f3cc05f44d9bc781f9aaeeb81.jpg African Architecture Traditional adobe house in Bida, Nigeria, characteristic of Nupe architecture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a56b7c18-11a7-4d48-91ea-df1e61792c93/3+Ogbu+Store+house+Anambra+state+-+May+1911+Northcote+Thomas+.jpg African Architecture Ogbu Store House in Anambra State Nigeria. May 1911 Northcote Thomas - Ukpuru blog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1774475385325-3RIX83H5GKC1DUWM09PU/20%2BTen%2BCircular%2BStructures%2Bat%2BUgwu%2BUto%2BNsude%2B-%2B1935%2BG%2BI%2BJones%2B.jpg African Architecture Ten Circular Structures at Ugwu Uto Nsude Nigeria. 1935 G.I Jones -Ukpuru blog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/31e55912-6626-4042-9222-a879f3a99179/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.18.09.png African Architecture A traditional Zulu house in South Africa, photographed in the winter of 1979 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4308a425-3fdc-4702-b8f4-b71f2890b46c/22+Mbari+Onye+Mgbe+-+1930s+Herbert+Cole+1988.jpeg African Architecture [An Igbo] spirit worker painting the walls of an mbari nearing completion. Note the double Mami Wata images at left. Photo 1930s, [Near Owere]. - Herbert Cole, 1988. - Ukpuru blog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/380e2426-c28e-488a-97f4-4c6b944c4f1e/49+Otaminni+Mbari+-+1927+P+A+Talbot+.jpeg African Architecture An Mbari dedicated to the deified Otamini river in the Echie town of 'Opioro' as noted by P. A. Talbot in "Some Nigerian Fertility Cults," 1927 - Ukpuru blog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/35958caa-c5c2-4a68-ad61-2204b80df8db/1+Igbo+Compound+-+1903+Herbert+Wimberley+-+Cambridge+University.jpeg African Architecture Igbo compound (ǹgwùlù) entrance and high walls (aja ǹgwùlù), in or near Önïcha. Photographed by Herbert Wimberley, c. 1903-18. Cambridge University Library. Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/698828f5-9ce8-4b09-a269-ce9ff0012128/12+Ekpe+Meeting+house+-+1932-1938+G+I+Jones+.jpeg African Architecture Ekpe (leopard society) meeting house View of Ekpe meeting house in Umuajatta village, Olokoro near Umuahia. Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/92256de5-87f8-4d0a-ba09-b3d8d283e00e/64+Bridge+in+Igbo+country+-+1930-1931+Gustaf+Bolinder+.jpeg African Architecture A bridge somewhere in the Igbo country, photographed by Gustaf Bolinder, 1930-31. Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c91ab854-e64b-446e-b3bd-3799655263ae/65+1+upscale+traditional+architectural+styles+-+Lower+Guinea+.jpeg African Architecture Upscale Traditional architectural style - Lower Guinea. - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/353c06b0-62e1-4ca2-9ed1-1bfcb6534d77/65+4+upscale+traditional+architectural+styles+-+Lower+Guinea.jpeg African Architecture Upscale Traditional architectural style - Lower Guinea - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dba5cafd-78d7-4097-8f32-f73f4b7f6a0c/65+7+upscale+traditional+architectural+styles+-+Lower+Guinea.jpeg African Architecture Upscale Traditional architectural style - Lower Guinea - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da3e69dd-a0db-4473-98fe-72bbe6aaf67e/75+carved+pillars+Onu+House+-+1930s+G+I+Jones+.jpeg African Architecture Carved pillars in Obu house Abiriba - photographed by G. I Jones 1930 - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b293fc2-886f-41b8-b6fb-39e15f0ce59f/79+Entrance+of+compound+in+Agukwu+Nri+-+1911+Northcote+Thomas+.jpeg African Architecture Entrance of compound in Agukwu Nri - 1911 Northcote Thomas -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/daf7c185-be10-4341-969f-9d88b783d805/96+Anam+Bridge+-+1943+P+D+Jones+Museum+of+Archaeology+and+Anthropology+Cambridge.jpeg African Architecture Anam Bridge - 1943 P D Jones Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Cambridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5485a554-0e92-434a-9eab-73c6c2ba81f4/136+Igbo+Chief+compound+-+Azia+Onitsha+district+.jpeg African Architecture Igbo Chief compound - Azia Onitsha district -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/829b1202-9c83-45a9-b762-fa966c15f907/141+1+Portal+to+Igbo+Chief+compound+-+early+20th+Century+J+stocker+.jpeg African Architecture image 1: Portal to Igbo Chief compound - early 20th Century J stocker -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac3d956d-122e-47a3-98c7-0f971f9616cb/145+Inside+a+Igbo+house+-+Early+20th+Century+Edward+Chadwick+.jpeg African Architecture Inside a Igbo house - Early 20th Century Edward Chadwick - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e0645738-56cb-4e52-97a5-38ecc6a63251/148+Ibibio+Womans+spirit+house+-+Nov+1905.jpeg African Architecture Ibibio Woman's spirit house - Nov 1905 -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec91b60c-3dd3-43f2-bca1-0073643c220e/152+tutelary+shrine+-+1930-1931+Gustaf+Bolinder.jpeg African Architecture tutelary shrine - 1930-1931 Gustaf Bolinder - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/02764ba6-aef9-47ec-b32c-84da1247f8bb/193+Mural+by+Onuigbo+-+1995+Sarah+Adams.jpeg African Architecture 193 Mural by Onuigbo - 1995 Sarah Adams -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb03b656-7bf8-485f-8f44-c7a9becbb801/206+woman+spirit+House+-+May+1905+.jpeg African Architecture Woman Spirit House - May 1905 -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd3446dd-6f8f-4e73-8815-9bc450711bc1/218+Mbari+shrine+-+1960.jpeg African Architecture Mbari shrine - 1960 - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2047c393-f7aa-4343-bbd7-01c7bef1723e/370+Traditional+Igbo+house+Anambra.jpeg African Architecture Traditional Igbo house Anambra -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/59624df7-aeb5-47df-aaed-0a82a0def38e/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.12.08.png African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d5e4c9a-2213-435a-a2db-ed8b952211d1/3c942e795335c1fa73be5a500900a0b8.jpg African Architecture Traditional Dinka hut, showcasing vernacular architecture from South Sudan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71a48e1e-3611-4324-aac7-8781a34c7fae/tumblr_m7xzcz05kE1qjh37to2_1280.jpg African Architecture Igbo Architecture | Ụlọ omé n'Ìgbò: Mbari house built for Chief Ogbua, showcasing traditional ceremonial design. Image credit: Nairaland Forum, July 31, 2012. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/64bd80a2-cbc6-427c-b5b8-8a9ddb8fb514/tumblr_m836q3QPla1qjh37to1_500.jpg African Architecture Bini Okpabe shrine in front of the Nsi Omomo shrine, Ezi Akputa compound, Mgbom village, Afikpo Village-Group, Ebonyi/Abia State, Nigeria. Simon Ottenberg, 1951–1953. Image credit: Nairaland Forum, August 02, 2012. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e0aa0ac0-b130-4eb7-8732-e1b12383533d/IgboDoor26r.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cfaf9a52-94f4-435c-b95d-eb77ad91d4ed/IgboDoor25.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b8325d9-1031-4056-957c-86df7e0fb52e/tumblr_pnv1gsyaOp1qjh37to1_1280.jpg African Architecture A hand-built bridge in Igbo country, captured by Gustaf Bolinder in 1930–31—a testament to indigenous engineering and the practical artistry of local craftsmanship. Credit: Ụkpụrụ̄ – Historical images of the Igbo, their neighbours and beyond via Tumblr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c4a47948-c3dc-4cd4-b7de-d0b226607611/tumblr_o0rfqtbmIG1qjh37to1_540.jpg African Architecture Winding alleyways of the Ezi Akputa compound in Mgbom village, Afikpo. intimate passages that reveal the spatial use of eastern Igbo domestic life. Photo: Simon Ottenberg, 1952. Credit: Ụkpụrụ̄ – Historical images of the Igbo, their neighbours and beyond via Tumblr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a396bdb4-e139-4ce7-ae50-c9932e30a0ad/tumblr_nr2apccYbl1qjh37to1_1280.jpg African Architecture Ancestral shrine house (Mma obu) standing beside the Ibini Okpabe shrine, guardians of tradition and spirit, captured between 1951 and 1953. Credit: Ụkpụrụ̄ – Historical images of the Igbo, their neighbours and beyond via Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/456aa3da-3584-4a24-868f-41222bc2a2b1/tumblr_ma41iozM8l1qjh37to1_1280.jpg African Architecture Compound of Ogidi Kalu, featuring the Ende Agbamazu altar inside the living room and the intricately carved living room door. Photo: Zbigniew Dmochowski, 1960s. Credit: Nairaland Forum, September 11, 2012. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/478a6d72-a785-4d48-a450-c1ee850d596c/tumblr_mcb2xaZnMy1qjh37to1_500.jpg African Architecture A weathered pillar from a decayed Obu house, bearing skulls of human, horse, leopard, and antelope—symbols of power and ancestral connection. Two stylized figures, male above and female below, stand with bent knees atop a raised platform, framed by a mud-and-thatch dwelling and onlookers. G. I. Jones, circa 1920s. Credit: Nairaland Forum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9bde0e71-7c43-4407-80ca-3606a1a7428c/30087066_2024214840939120_1350783337899229184_n-930x1155.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36c7f088-5251-482e-a027-96a8cc7a1cdb/musgum-10.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5633e809-cef8-4f87-9255-ae7e3f196619/62909a4fed942967b6e8b57e8a00a73c.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/05234495-fd3d-488b-bdbe-764ddb0b8ab8/sah507f69nj41-930x621.jpg African Architecture Nubian Pyramids from an Ancient Kushite Kingdom, Meroë, Sudan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/949b5b00-ef5a-4f64-ab86-5d623c21cae3/tumblr_o7zjcvIijh1qjh37to8_r1_1280.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7be885f4-95d3-49dd-820b-1703a8e7e306/800px-Bete_Giyorgis_Lalibela_Ethiopia-2.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f013b7e6-e681-4e2d-a316-179e26a6c333/100-abu-phf02-se-lrg-930x616.jpg African Architecture Ahmadu Bello University Theatre, Nigeria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/064d8ae2-2bf4-4bb6-af74-51a45578f3a5/0cf26db289d386e2176a64c304b76976.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90cb5779-e884-44df-95d1-f510a9441184/7a390d40e5b8c069c9f3c25f8c6a92f4.jpg African Architecture Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard Date of Photo: 1935 Continent: Africa Geographical Area: East Africa Country: South Sudan Region/Place: Upper Nile; Nyanding River (mouth); Mancom Cultural Group: Nuer Eastern Jikany Gaajok Format: Print black & white Size: 56 x 54 mm Acquisition: Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard - Donated 1966 A hut with step-thatching and an extended thatched entrance porch for shaded sitting. In the foreground is a post which may be a riek shrine, or may be used for practical purposes - according to Evans-Pritchard it was not possible to distinguish them by sight. According to the film number the image was probably taken during the four weeks in 1935 Evans-Pritchard spent among the Gaajok at Mancom village at the mouth of the Nyanding River, the home village of his servant Tiop. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0439655f-4238-4bff-a644-3c2b77466457/tumblr_o19nr2Vp1X1qjh37to1_1280.png African Architecture Entrance gate and relief-decorated walls of a farmer’s compound in Nnewi, northern Igboland, Nigeria. Photo: Edward Duckworth, 1938. Credit: Ụkpụrụ̄ – Historical images of the Igbo, their neighbours and beyond via Tumblr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2308ca85-da45-46d0-ab6e-c130efedd612/aeecf107a8482eae60ff0177b8e1e233.jpg African Architecture Dogon people in the Bandiagara escarpment region of Mali, West Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9365eea-b2d6-4f8b-9f9a-c9080422428f/fc90c02e5ae570411b6ce68d1648fac2.jpg African Architecture Entrance to the Kasubi Tombs in Kampala, Uganda. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7dbeb9ac-82e2-43d0-aa5c-9416a80d7ae1/dc1926e31648c9dfa61b4c03486f4bde.jpg African Architecture "Nemo", the main hut at the Bandjoun Chiefdom in the West Region of Cameroon. The Bandjoun Chiefdom is one of the largest traditional chiefdoms of the Bamiléké people. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6fe07464-75a6-4527-a063-1f980faac233/3d232b97b3df21cd79320c1be9576d3b.jpg African Architecture Fon's palace - Bafut, Cameroon. This image captures a detail of the wooden carvings and pillars at the traditional Fon's Palace in Bafut, Cameroon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/05fe61de-1afa-4a99-9fc1-cfc21c5ca855/73c9f9ffe1370fde0c476d6092a4acda.jpg African Architecture Hausa architecture. This image captures the construction of traditional Hausa vaults, this one under construction, in Tahoua, Niger, circa 1928. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85695eca-4730-43ff-928f-c2778e6f2996/8001ab700559513cd412deb9158753f7.jpg African Architecture Traditional Tamberma (Batammaliba) architecture, specifically the fortified houses known as takienta (or sikien) found in the Koutammakou region of Togo and Benin. This unique style of earthen architecture is a UNESCO World Heritage site. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d7e51cd-5057-46c6-a70c-4a8ced2b3347/7abef199304b10afd64488d4709196a6.jpg African Architecture A woman's living quarters. James Morris, Tangasoko, Burkina Faso, 2003. From "Butabu: Adobe Architecture of West Africa." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2baf8c5-2af5-4e87-990b-3b95cd021262/08726405e1e2117b639ace697fd69df3.jpg African Architecture This is a Dogon granary ladder from Mali, West Africa, made from a single, naturally forked tree trunk. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ae631838-96bb-4335-930e-d8e524eb6f56/3d232b97b3df21cd79320c1be9576d3b-2.jpg African Architecture Detailed wooden carvings and pillars at the Fon of Bafut Palace, Bafut, Cameroon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/841deb0a-aa4d-4b34-9559-49007b611393/bdd66266466ad3f36a07b7549746a78c.jpg African Architecture A typical titled man’s Obi or Obu/Obiri/Ovu/Ibaa/Ibari/Nkoro/Ogwa of the Northcentral Igbo area, Nnokwa, present-day Anambra State, 1966. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b973fca7-6fba-4cb5-b86a-b48d42e8219d/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.34.05.png African Architecture Circa 1956: two zulu tribesmen weaving branches to create a stable frame for a new hut. photo credit: Three lions/Getty images https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e252549-5f3e-44bd-8d98-78995c6c3dc1/0c1ddea964ed6c2eddad9560e5fcb0e5.jpg African Architecture Zulu man standing outside his beehive hut, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Photograph by Stephanie Colasanti. © Stephanie Colasanti / The Art Archive at Art Resource, NY. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1fd1c86-35c0-4a31-ab15-ceddddff8459/24+Igbo+shrine+house+-+1930+Gustaf+Bolinder.jpeg African Architecture Igbo shrine house photographed by Gustaf Bolinder, 1930-31 - Ukpuru blog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cffff214-1d57-4167-90b9-405ec8b232a2/3+Igbo+compound+-+1903-18+Herbert+Wimberley+Cam+University+library+.jpeg African Architecture An Igbo compound entrance, in or near Önïcha. Photographed by Herbert Wimberley, c. 1903-18. Cambridge University Library. Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d551c4fc-cba9-488c-9236-1e94c3cf86ff/47+Alusi+Compound+-+Tom+Eighmy+University+of+Wisconsin+.jpeg African Architecture Alụsị (divinity) compound, unknown Igbo community, probably in today’s Anambra State. The walls are painted with ùlì motifs usually done through commissioning women. Photographed by Tom Eighmy. University of Wisconsin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/45d9bb1c-6ed8-4349-b9cc-accb09e2a460/65+2+upscale+traditional+architectural+styles+-+Lower+Guinea.png African Architecture Upscale Traditional architectural style - Lower Guinea - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8a8a9ccd-7215-44b3-a7c3-efa65c60d22d/65+5+upscale+traditional+architectural+styles+-+Lower+Guinea.jpeg African Architecture Upscale Traditional architectural style - Lower Guinea - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6ce1a876-698c-4c0d-8b4d-e649a7fc2bde/65+8+upscale+traditional+architectural+styles+-+Lower+Guinea.jpeg African Architecture Upscale Traditional architectural style - Lower Guinea - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e6377f0f-7fb8-46f5-bb30-56f151e52c39/93+Oven+for+smoking+fish+Niger+River+-+1930-1931+Gustaf+Bolinder.jpeg African Architecture Oven for smoking fish by the Niger River, Onitsha, Nigeria, 1930-31. Photo: Gustaf Bolinder -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c0c3fa68-be2d-4b95-9f6e-233616d9fe8c/133+Igbo+room+with+Animal+relief+pattern+wall+decorations+-+1930s+Edward+Chadwick+.jpeg African Architecture Igbo room with Animal relief pattern wall decorations - 1930s Edward Chadwick -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/646cc284-5f79-4e93-97be-b5b0346ccd05/141+2+Portal+to+Igbo+Chief+compound+-+early+20th+Century+J+stocker+.jpeg African Architecture Image 2: Portal to Igbo Chief compound - early 20th Century J Stocker -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/317d45a6-f376-49b0-8b2a-7a40a16806c3/161+Through+the+land+of+witchcraft+-+1913+P.+Amuaury+Talbot.jpeg African Architecture Through the land of witchcraft - 1913 P. Amuaury Talbot -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84b21714-fddd-447f-868c-380407a5ae19/265+Urata-Igbo+Mbari+votive+shrine+-+1927-1943+Edward+Chadwick+.jpeg African Architecture Urata-Igbo Mbari votive shrine - 1927-1943 Edward Chadwick - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/37aab830-5780-4de7-9ffe-cde3d9e05a88/376+Igbo+mural+made+with+uli+graphics+-+1030-1931+Gustaf+Bolinder++.jpeg African Architecture Igbo mural made with uli graphics - 1030-1931 Gustaf Bolinder - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5a953159-24e3-4ba5-ba19-4c5675c5b453/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.08.52.png African Architecture Dinka homestead near Bor, South Sudan, 1910. A thatched cone marks a likely man's grave near a hut entrance. Photo by Charles Gabriel Seligman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13e9361e-c02d-4826-a0c8-640017ce73f0/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.11.47.png African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9c069d1-e268-4023-bb6f-652727463be1/tumblr_m7xn4oxF5e1qjh37to1_1280.jpg African Architecture Igbo Architecture | Ụlọ omé n'Ìgbò: Chief Ogbua, Onitcha house interior. Image credit: Nairaland Forum, July 31, 2012. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a835736-7360-4de1-a24d-d9f6028faca0/tumblr_m5fdxoCKVy1qjh37to1_500.jpg African Architecture Mbari house for Obiala in Ndiama Obube by Nnaji, reflecting sacred Igbo artistic traditions. Image credit: Nairaland Forum, August 02, 2012. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/00dc9129-27bc-47fe-9a02-71f906894447/tumblr_m5udfi0Hnt1qjh37to1_500.jpg African Architecture Igbo Architecture | Ụlọ omé n'Ìgbò: Painted entry wall of a communal shrine in Anambra, adorned with uli designs resembling a galaxy. Image credit: Nairaland Forum, August 02, 2012. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea40f7dd-0e5c-4bea-8c37-5567d5f64c33/IgboDoor10.JPG African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/346b1e45-7d76-48ee-a133-b6dd99d16c09/IgboDoor24.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd60285d-ebbc-4943-8959-b45d06aa7cf3/tumblr_o7zjcvIijh1qjh37to4_r1_1280.jpg African Architecture Architectural structures from Lower Guinea, these elegant earthen forms reflect the refined building traditions and environmental harmony of West Africa’s past. Credit: Ụkpụrụ̄ – Historical images of the Igbo, their neighbours and beyond via Tumblr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43233cb2-ad9d-487a-8d88-a47e8cc9108c/tumblr_mwky8tfs5j1qjh37to1_1280.jpg African Architecture Entrance to a chief’s compound showcasing traditional 20th-century Igbo architecture (Ụlọ omé n'Ìgbò). Photo: G.T. Basen. Credit: Nairaland Forum, January 03, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b98a0c26-17b7-4d58-8027-675567506754/tumblr_ma41iozM8l1qjh37to2_1280.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/04d9488d-5a16-4675-9632-e52ff925ef91/tumblr_maz6usydBP1qjh37to1_500.jpg African Architecture House construction in the forest region, reflecting the traditional architecture of the Igbo people. Photo: G. I. Jones, 1930s. Nigeria. Credit: Nairaland Forum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0de1334-459c-4527-bb2d-e7d2cfd7e812/BceaoTower1.jpg African Architecture Headquarters of the Central Bank of West African States in Bamako, Mali https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dff1138f-93ed-418a-b7fc-b9f5d727eb4a/Maison_obus-930x604.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/010956d0-3db9-4da5-91ac-845e2530e23e/e6ac3863e982f85623bdbd234066b377.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fb21fb72-749a-4fdb-a71f-7d46a6a7b136/410c6b0017034d4f39703e6dc42c8860.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/96387f24-e689-4441-94c3-ab12548de0f4/2abe4c7d996330e268d9bf29a5f5cdb5.jpg African Architecture A Portal to an Igbo compound in Ihale, southeastern Nigeria, sometime between 1880 and 1939 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e8b04642-74fb-4f08-bc55-0978abdccca5/888bf5d4d75f0a9cf138e7ba7ff57558.jpg African Architecture Inner courtyard of the Foumban Palace in the early 20th century, the traditional residence of the Sultan of the Bamum people in Cameroon. The image likely shows King Ibrahim Njoya with a visitor around 1914. Fouban Palace, The Art of Cameroon, Paul Gerber. Frank Christol photography collection c. 18th/19th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc04ceca-5241-4a83-b469-cf0aac5f9718/16e7794e6a46bc1af2eeee16f3298fcf.jpg African Architecture "Nemo", the main hut at the Bandjoun Chiefdom in the West Region of Cameroon. The Bandjoun Chiefdom is one of the largest traditional chiefdoms of the Bamiléké people. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d63e073-f120-4130-bcff-25ffd5476f93/a93f370feb9be0ba399d1c57a8698e92.jpg African Architecture These are carved wooden figures supporting a Dogon togu na (men's meeting house) in Mali. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a34bc0c-db53-49a7-a75e-879fd81927c5/7701665863640f611b8287a55454a694.jpg African Architecture This image shows traditional Musgum mud granaries (or sometimes homes called Teluk) from the Lake Chad region of Cameroon and Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8b88e850-b049-4dbd-bc67-8af569d4c470/8d522d58d1a7a68b9154a4da30f501de.jpg African Architecture This image displays the carved wooden posts of a Dogon toguna (or "palaver hut") in Mali, West Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e134da2-f73c-438c-ab0b-54bfb6fca8bb/eac079b3358c77d3d1a634880a1df5ef.jpg African Architecture Nupe Architecture Traditional Nupe bas-relif decoration in Mud-compound, Dabba, Nupe land, Nigeria, 1975. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4ad6d1e2-80d9-455d-933d-14558f92439e/65+3+upscale+traditional+architectural+styles+-+Lower+Guinea.jpeg African Architecture Upscale Traditional architectural style - Lower Guinea - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30e9f893-cb1c-40aa-8f42-25c8a7db90a7/65+6+upscale+traditional+architectural+styles+-+Lower+Guinea.jpeg African Architecture Upscale Traditional architectural style - Lower Guinea -Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d58c0c03-d26a-47a7-b62c-7e6a70986100/176+compound+entrance+wall+-+1930-1931+Gustaf+Bolinder.jpeg African Architecture compound entrance wall - 1930-1931 Gustaf Bolinder - Ukpuru Tumblr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2552a98b-8b25-4a2e-9a7c-82614a82a898/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.11.28.png African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e68642f-56e7-4757-bf3d-853124c92701/IgboDoor07.JPG African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a4367309-d3d8-487d-93d3-0270fd98f09e/d9a766xlo5k41-930x839.jpg African Architecture Headquarters of the Central Bank of West African States in Bamako, Mali https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bdfe369a-aafc-435e-ab85-e9592fe781dc/musgum-16.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b3109f7-f1bf-4b64-a019-8a4f0cd68e9f/e0e0b10ab8e70f85da0891f9a54843a6.jpg African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c5ebddf7-8b48-49ae-b4ba-a951027e9e55/569a2447bf9a8d722021bdd65f3a1782.jpg African Architecture Dogon village in Mali, West Africa, showing a man storing millet in a traditional granary. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af9808d0-8be2-47ee-b70d-5ec3347d5e8f/3a2453d09f398055ba1c0989f507a720.jpg African Architecture Large Dogon toguna house post. The hand carved wooden posts are the most important public edifice in the Dogon village. These posts are used for men's assemblies and council meetings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/acfe5c39-9b8c-447e-9847-a4b7be9a3f85/Screenshot+2025-05-15+at+11.11.04.png African Architecture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71f4041e-b6e0-445d-a82c-6f8f90e6a464/musgum-18.jpg African Architecture https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-orpheus daily 0.75 2025-09-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8177fe2f-6024-4b30-9243-b9413b33f1f3/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.25.39.png Black Orpheus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bf35fcc4-e54c-4062-be2e-89eedfbca055/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.30.36.png Black Orpheus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/23891d8d-c922-4814-934e-52b2fa6642f5/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.32.14.png Black Orpheus 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/41b86e81-3410-4c00-8dde-a369aa0cf35a/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.30.14.png Black Orpheus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85a6ffe4-2dac-4b4b-a022-5d60b9e819cd/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.31.50.png Black Orpheus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a21522c1-cf1c-4f85-afbc-a49d69670703/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.33.46.png Black Orpheus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b714bd25-e02f-4988-be64-338bcd3d6c79/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.36.25.png Black Orpheus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99480132-17f9-4497-890f-0f5145668c1e/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.37.51.png Black Orpheus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c14b8edb-2134-4998-bb43-58b668b7d771/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.28.29.png Black Orpheus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1fb345a-ff49-4154-a101-a1acbcc4d400/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+20.43.07.png Black Orpheus https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-orpheus-vol-2 daily 0.75 2025-05-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dc9c5be5-df10-415c-a979-757ee1ee515e/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+21.16.16.png Black Orpheus VOL 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/72f0ebbb-7174-4242-a94f-91e4a5422e7f/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+21.19.00.png Black Orpheus VOL 2 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-orpheus-vol-3 daily 0.75 2025-05-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3289e28e-b80a-4731-a5d7-ef5de5bda689/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+21.22.31.png Black Orpheus VOL 3 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4aafe12c-f970-4a6d-ac13-dbdeaf05aeff/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+21.22.36.png Black Orpheus VOL 3 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-orpheus-vol-5 daily 0.75 2025-05-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e385a27-b7cf-4c3c-9060-855cf2dfce80/Screenshot+2025-05-23+at+21.23.43.png Black Orpheus VOL 5 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/aeta daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/61f15b85-3859-446a-aed8-7c98345013fd/Viralisland2.jpg Negritos Jarawa tribals gather around a transistor set in the Andaman Islands. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ec47326-ad5d-4b22-95ee-12f00ae26799/A_LUZON_NEGRITO_WITH_SPEAR.jpg Negritos A LUZON NEGRITO WITH SPEAR.jpg SOURCE:Wikicommons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c43d01a1-209d-463c-aedb-78f15cff0079/49792441891_13818fa701_o.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fd2c1bd-0b64-4814-969e-faa16ba38aad/A_Negrito_from_Negros_Island_%28c._1900%2C_Philippines%29.jpg Negritos A Negrito from Negros Island (c. 1900, Philippines). SOURCE:Wikicommons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7936c7b6-4af3-484f-a182-c36af946c22c/csm_640px-Negrito_outrigger_9c0d098b81.jpg Negritos A fishing outrigger used by the Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/19a8e005-8418-41e7-b6b2-550fea9a3457/53069837893_ff878ac98a_z.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/874f7255-1f41-4ef6-b8e6-fff555e3d70d/image_processing20250512-2-33051s.png Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d12bda9c-288d-473e-b216-7eb12fc38d96/Negrito_woman_of_Mount_Mariveles%2C_Bataan_showing_scar-patterns_on_chest_and_abdomen_%281906%29-2.png Negritos Full-blood Negrito woman of Mount Mariveles, Bataan, showing scarpatterns on chest and abdomen, and “medicine” about neck and in left ear.1906. Worcester, Dean C. (Oct 1906). "The Non-Christian Tribes of Northern Luzon". The Philippine Journal of Science. 1 (8): 791–875. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f4e61d3-f375-4fa9-b846-e550c5f55f23/10.png Negritos A group of young Aeta men from Pastolan Village doing traditional dancing — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/47fe0919-7001-4e0a-9066-0b63b24df542/13.jpg Negritos Aeta tribe girl — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f1490a5-a406-4638-b795-a13facf96d73/7.jpg Negritos Aeta man — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/03727fc3-1b87-4fca-8f05-af26668aa2a9/14.jpg Negritos Aeta children — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/33a83916-16f3-4712-a545-6bbf03a1dd8c/6.jpg Negritos A Negrito Family — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e7c98b08-38da-4f21-ba46-492b43002e16/pic-family.jpg Negritos Portrait of Mani family — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8956eb15-42da-47af-aaa5-5df02b7ad8a8/mani16av-2.jpg Negritos Portrait of Mani man in 1900 from Thailand — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/77f1d787-db7b-42b1-9173-2c08b169f5c3/Khanang_%281%29.jpg Negritos A portrait of Khanang Kirataka, an Maniq royal page boy at the service of King Chulalongkorn of Siam in 1906 — Image via Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f1b1a6d-e684-4fcc-abba-e1abcd508590/img_2890-1.jpg.webp Negritos A portrait of a Maniq woman breastfeeding — Image via Livity.Blog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a808165-311f-4365-84ed-2da1d218df62/tumblr_n8440zJOW21tqu7vbo5_500.jpg Negritos Portait of a Maniq woman holding a baby — Image via Diasporic Roots https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/41f8899e-dbe3-429b-853e-5b9bcc5e1094/tumblr_n8440zJOW21tqu7vbo2_1280.jpg Negritos Portait of a Maniq woman holding a baby alongside children — Image via Diasporic Roots https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8a2fd319-790a-4ff0-b6cb-868d0d007a30/image.webp Negritos Portait of Tok, a Maniq man — Image via TravelFeed https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/64f85ac7-c005-4f3b-8663-f5a4937598a1/310956.jpg Negritos A Maniq woman collecting water from a stream near to their camp in order to wash clothes in Phatthalung in southern Thailand — Image via Malay Mail https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9314dfe8-fa5f-441b-948b-0d34281c2fef/508663767_24080151631579490_3606653515136350875_n.jpg Negritos Portrait of a man centered alongside Mantiq tribe members and children — Image via Kevin Alfred https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83decfd2-3ee0-4c53-a295-cdf9936c8b78/image_processing20250225-2-atjn2g.jpg Negritos A Jarawa woman and boy by the side of the Andaman Trunk Road https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/acabe658-a065-4227-b392-e9e61b5dd031/52844682708_1ae8d66f43_o.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f4af2d95-948f-4fe3-8fed-3bd23387fc98/52844237872_2f84c61e90_o.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dc5e170f-7b16-4f31-b148-c871a008899b/Typical_group_of_Negritos.jpg Negritos Typical group of Negritos. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/015ad727-cdf3-4f3d-9315-6acb4792fd93/Negritos+of+Zambales.jpg Negritos Negritos of Zambales https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68e38077-885e-460b-ab20-1b4cf3e9efba/53054614368_8ce27b5f89_z.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a3812763-dbdd-4dc3-955a-cd3a738466e9/image_processing20250225-2-4ejqht.jpg Negritos The Jarawa thatch their shelters with leaves from the forest. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90b78166-0f14-41fa-a584-97c5b18f0521/1.jpg Negritos Aeta black people of Philippines — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce1d7dd0-0792-4855-bba5-e5e6c402745b/16.jpg Negritos Aeta tribe girl — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6813e93d-bc59-4b6c-881c-0b947eec08bf/20.jpg Negritos Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec6d9d88-0f71-421c-8672-9be49aadee43/orang_asli3.jpg Negritos Portrait of Mani children — Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/57eab8e3-a88b-4afb-bc68-aab83a6caa87/unnamed-4.jpg Negritos Image via Kwekudee Trip Down Memory Lane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c548e198-04bd-4184-bf9e-945553c9ad50/123577d0-a0e3-4100-8805-acdd74de4764.jpg.webp Negritos Children of the Maniq tribe — Image via Smithsonian Magazine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e517273-d98a-41f0-b4de-917072d67193/img_2898-1.jpg.webp Negritos A group of Maniq people sitting down alongside children — Image via Livity.Blog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2d39d56-55de-4190-9417-e027d077b464/maxresdefault-3.jpg Negritos Portait of a Maniq children — Image via Diasporic Roots https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d7e61a1-fd8a-46eb-b0dd-29abbf4c6ed9/image-5.webp Negritos Portait of An, a Maniq tribe leader and her daughter — Image via TravelFeed by worldcapture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4c39719a-3cc3-44e5-a673-e7833653bac3/image-2.webp Negritos Home of a Maniq tribe member — Image via TravelFeed https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a28c3626-9c60-4ab7-bdd0-51217f7f20bd/I0000OR.c6xxZRUw.jpeg Negritos Portrait Champ, a Maniq tribe member, preparing a small fire to heat his poison darts on — Image via Luke Duggleby https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06309e78-8f05-417e-bc6f-1fc3ba250258/Kangirataka-Khanung-in-royal-palace-attire.jpg Negritos Khanung Kangirataka in royal palace attire — Image via Hidden Residents https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8ceb9e65-6a3c-4772-aa5c-5553879c44b5/image-2.webp Negritos A Maniq toddler — Image via TravelFeed by worldcapture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f2c81cb-b8d6-4418-a99b-b5601f2a7949/King-of-Negritos-01.jpg Negritos NEGRITOS AT STOTSENBURG. As co-inhabitants of the reservation, the Negritos were free to roam Fort Stotsensburg and its environs, a source of amusement to Americans who thought them to be gentle, peaceful, and harmless. Photo by ALEX CASTRO. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0cfa528-22b0-47c5-b359-268a9846f197/King-of-Negritos-04.jpg Negritos THE FIRST AMERICAN-BORN NEGRITO. Luis Francis Wilson, born on 19 July 1904 in St. Louis, Missouri. Photo by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf1414ba-0071-43d8-816c-9618ba20bce0/King-of-Negritos-06.jpg Negritos AND SHE SHALL BE QUEEN. It was the Americans who took to the habit of giving royal titles to Negritos, mainly to humor them. This lady for example was dubbed as the “Negrito Queen.” Photo by ALEX CASTRO. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9ca38e6b-4264-43d0-a6df-73ec022660c4/Viralisland1.webp Negritos A Jarawa man with his bow (Photo: Getty Images) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1311ef1e-a015-4add-8870-567e54a2fb62/Mountain_1.jpg Negritos Mountain tribes in the Philippines referred to as Negritos were populous. Analysis of recently discovered, 6,000-year-old human remains in Taiwan supports Taiwanese Negrito legends. 1899 photo of indigenous Philippine Negritos. (Public Domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a5d0e89c-0ccf-47fc-a1de-bace9e55b546/aeta4yi1.jpg Negritos Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/681456b0-a099-4c95-8d8e-70d69fd944be/2efaf89a1df400984172c43ac2a0c817.webp Negritos Negritos of the Philippines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a8db220-d70f-48ae-8ae0-7d0eb2e41eb9/53070233565_9eef43cf4f_z.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e008533-a3f4-4d00-acec-9dbfdb4a4e29/53499518499_0fbd631941_o.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15d7ef5f-3247-4f31-b57a-b588ac65d1ec/img_2894-1.jpg.webp Negritos A group portait of Maniq people sitting down — Image via Livity.Blog https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/52f18d0e-3519-4860-98c1-50b5bd00a4db/tumblr_n8440zJOW21tqu7vbo6_640-2.jpg Negritos Portait of a Maniq woman — Image via Diasporic Roots https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/74ca6e84-6484-4f2e-9f88-4fe6521e650a/image-4.webp Negritos Portait of children and An, a Maniq tribe leader — Image via TravelFeed by worldcapture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07160492-7505-47a7-808b-fc549702b218/King-of-Negritos-02.jpg Negritos BASILIO, CHAMPION POLE CLIMBER, was one of the athletic wonders of the 1904 World’s Fair, placing first in the pole climbing contest at the 1st Anthropological Games with a time of 201.25 seconds. Photo by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d2f465e-0d78-486c-98b9-5e4053e0cd77/King-of-Negritos-03.jpg Negritos “EL CAPITAN,” the chief of the Negrito Village at the World’s Fair in St. Louis, amused visitors when he forsook his loincloth for Western fashion. Photo by FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97b84d58-900f-4927-a438-8b7495b78e03/King-of-Negritos-05.jpg Negritos THE LONG AND THE SHORT OF IT. Dean C. Worcester, secretary of interior of the American-administered Philippines, liked being photographed with tiny Negritos for size comparison. Photo by THE DEAN C. WORCESTER PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTION. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e01ea26-a981-4762-8ce6-e82fcb8c7527/King-of-Negritos-07.jpg Negritos LUCAS, KING OF BALUGAS, arrayed in regal splendor, in military uniform, boots, hat, and complete with military medals, badges, and a swagger stick. 1922. Photo courtesy of Mr. Jim Biven. Photo by ALEX CASTRO. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c5bd2209-1141-45d9-8cec-82e7bacb11eb/Philippine.jpg Negritos Photo of Philippine Negrito women, circa 1900. The Negrito skeleton found on Taiwan had cranial similarities to those from Luzon, Philippines (Public Domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e144449f-b8b4-4768-b929-c79a97716bda/6000-year-old-negrito-skull-confirms-presence-short-dark-skinned-people-taiwan-before.webp Negritos Negrito group SOURCE: Wikimedia Commons/Henry Neville Hutchinson, John Walter Gregory, Richard Lydekker https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8990d71e-8f8d-4ff5-888b-21e0fd93e022/Negritos+of+South+Asia%2C+Philippines+%26+Malaysia.jpg Negritos Negritos of South Asia, Philippines & Malaysia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0095a408-4948-403c-bfea-eef6bb5f5391/53069828090_351c46105d_z.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/741a886d-4b54-4574-b831-2c5eec8c026c/53190871553_154a84aa59_b.jpg Negritos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71d6154e-d30e-44e9-a520-cc747106fc4f/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+22.47.37.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdd7852b-5a87-4f4a-bcd2-c84e9f4ffbb0/Screenshot+2025-06-06+at+11.43.52.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/abaffa33-7c92-4f65-9b0e-ef8ea2e9b982/Screenshot+2025-06-06+at+12.21.36.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bdcb224e-7cca-4bb6-97b6-ba5537a7e984/Screenshot+2025-06-06+at+12.24.56.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2129fd6a-58ad-4a77-bef9-bbfe5ba934ab/Screenshot+2025-06-06+at+12.24.19.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30510777-8f46-41a6-acb3-ec3a11c3db93/An-Aeta-Magbukun-family-from-Biaan-near-Mariveles-Bataan-Photo-by-Nathaniel-Salang.png.jpeg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/885df2e3-d6a7-48b4-b523-f4708a35c3c9/F3r1dujWoAAhPOX.jpeg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a47e40a5-a5f1-4549-911c-1c552ec70b77/Screenshot+2025-06-06+at+12.48.34.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aee676fe-673f-4bef-9f88-f538936cd254/Screenshot+2025-06-06+at+12.48.04.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a15ff6da-df6e-43e9-a464-81b8f04353d0/oe_type-ainu3-1.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f8b5803-a926-4606-a264-28c82e372876/oe_type-ainu-2.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/75f52b89-c03a-4842-ac21-0545de1d7ef7/oe_type-ainu-4.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/19437f24-4f64-4115-b914-71babde180b7/oe_type-ainu-5.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/24e91802-0754-41c7-a9b6-0fbe3823b455/Screenshot+2025-06-06+at+13.06.27.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea6ba187-423a-4f51-91a5-bdbda4673bb4/Screenshot+2025-06-06+at+13.06.08.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/95ce8530-b878-464a-a3ec-d68bdb57f0b9/10-C5PYK1-1536x996.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-royalty-hawaii daily 0.75 2025-06-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66a70624-b80c-4013-aae5-c5c086ca231c/Screenshot+2025-06-13+at+12.07.42.png Black Royalty Hawaii H.M. King David Kalākaua The Merrie Monarch: Hawaiʻi’s Last King and Defender of Culture
 Known for his love of music, diplomacy, and tradiCon, King Kalākaua was a high-born chief and visionary monarch who sought to restore the dignity of Hawaiian identity. He revived hula, commissioned the royal anthem, and traveled the world—becoming the first reigning monarch to circumnavigate the globe.
 Image credit: Crown of Hawaiʻi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d3d1bd4-c17e-4271-ae34-c99f353329f8/500px-Betsey_Stockton.jpg Black Royalty Hawaii Betsey Stockton From Bondage to Beacon: Hawaiʻi’s First Black Educator
 Born into slavery and once held in the household of Princeton’s president, Betsey Stockton carved a remarkable path as an educator and missionary. Her journey led her from the classrooms of Princeton and Philadelphia to Lahaina, Maui, where she established one of the earliest schools for commoners in the Hawaiian Kingdom—bringing literacy, compassion, and equality to the Pacific.
 Image credit: Princeton & Slavery Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee34b325-27c0-4c86-aa06-902ca3592688/Screenshot+2025-06-13+at+12.04.35.png Black Royalty Hawaii Prince William Pitt Leleiohoku Heir to the Throne and Patron of the Arts
 Brother to Queen Liliʻuokalani and named heir to King Kalākaua, Prince Leleiohoku was a gieed composer and royal diplomat. Wearing the honors of Kamehameha and Kalākaua, he represented a new generaCon of Hawaiian royalty—steeped in tradiCon, yet fluent in the currents of global change. Image credit: Digital Archives of Hawaiʻi / Photograph by M. Dickson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9df3470-1704-4493-8e3b-0c7921481aaa/Screenshot+2025-06-13+at+12.09.37.png Black Royalty Hawaii Carlotta Stewart Lai A Trailblazer in the Tropics: Hawai‘i’s First Black Woman Principal
 Daughter of a civil rights pioneer, Carlo^a Stewart Lai sha^ered educaConal and racial boundaries when she became a school principal in early 20th-century Hawai‘i. Her leadership across Oʻahu and Kauaʻi transformed classrooms and challenged the norms of a segregated system with intellect, grace, and unwavering vision.
 Image credit: Black Women Radicals / BlackPast.org / Howard University Archives https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-royalty-england daily 0.75 2025-06-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/92b4853b-952f-4dfc-81b2-6c3c22850b3c/ina-cropped.jpeg Black Royalty England Sarah Forbes Bone2a
 The Royal Protégée from Yoruba to Victorian England
 Captured as a child in present-day Nigeria and later rescued by a BriCsh aboliConist, Sarah was brought to England, where Queen Victoria became her benefactor. A symbol of empire, survival, and cross-cultural idenCty, she bridged two worlds while forging a unique place in BriCsh society.
 Image credit: Geoff Rambler’s Weird and Wonderful Kent https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/517128a2-a532-4f29-b4bf-94e3cd3e9ea1/Screenshot+2025-06-13+at+11.19.05.png Black Royalty England Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
 The Composer Who Defied Boundaries
 Born to a Sierra Leonean father and white English mother, Coleridge-Taylor emerged as a celebrated composer in Edwardian England. A classmate of Holst and Vaughan Williams, he infused classical music with African themes, challenging racial barriers with symphonic grace. Image published by Breitkopf & Härtel, c. 1905 – NaPonal Portrait Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7785d76-432e-45fa-b4b3-254514707cd3/Screenshot+2025-06-13+at+10.35.56.png Black Royalty England Fanny Eaton
 The Muse of the Pre-Raphaelites
 Born in Jamaica, Fanny Eaton became a favored model of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, her presence challenging Victorian ideals of beauty and race. Her image graced works by arCsts like RosseV and Millais, leaving a legacy of quiet power and visual poetry.
 Image credit: Pascal Theatre https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf6a90f1-f023-4b21-aa22-440701d4144c/Dido_belle_alone_crop.png Black Royalty England Dido Elizabeth Belle. Daughter of an enslaved woman and a British naval officer, Dido Belle was raised among the English aristocracy at Kenwood House.Cropped painting of Dido Belle with her cousin once attributed to Johann Zoffany, 1779. Photograph: Courtesy of the Earl of Mansfield/Scone Palace https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4163834e-219a-469e-ae95-a32451f732e7/Francis_williams.jpg Black Royalty England Francis Williams
 Scholar, Poet, Astronomer, and Jamaican Polymath
 Born into a free, slaveholding family in Kingston, Jamaica, Francis Williams became one of the most notable Black intellectuals of the 18th century. Educated in England, he was officially recognized as a BriCsh subject, navigaCng the complexiCes of race, status, and empire with formidable intellect and eloquence.
 Image credit: Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7078847f-481f-426d-9e41-9135dcfee268/Screenshot+2025-06-13+at+10.16.25.png Black Royalty England Prince Alemayehu Tewodros of Ethiopia
 An Ethiopian Prince in Exile
 The son of Emperor Tewodros II, young Prince Alemayehu was taken to Britain following the 1868 BriCsh invasion of Ethiopia. Removed from his homeland and royal lineage, he lived under the care of Captain Tristram Speedy—an exile shaped by imperial conquest and tragic displacement.
 Image by Jabez Hughes, 1868 – National Portrait Gallery https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-royalty-madagascar daily 0.75 2025-09-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a8db5784-4df7-42a4-9c91-4760334f3692/86f34cbbb9ebff1eab88fe530c996538.jpg Black Royalty Madagascar King Radama II (Rakoto) (23 Sep1829-12 May 1863 [assumed dead]) Madagascar with crown by William Lewis in 1861. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/892a0584-c746-4617-9992-042282ffaed7/51pic+%284%29.jpg Black Royalty Madagascar Queen Ranavalona III, circa 1892. Kerry Taylor Auctions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1756928436056-PNZU0TF02EQMCK9YAOG9/ranavalona.jpg-2.png Black Royalty Madagascar Ranavalona III. Kerry Taylor Auctions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2df459c-62c1-4d31-b243-36a05d67df31/IMG_1200+%283%29.jpg Black Royalty Madagascar Queen Ranavalona III on exile in Réunion. Kerry Taylor Auctions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/64d47236-d6c3-46a8-986a-d60206ada9e6/IMG_1197-2.jpg Black Royalty Madagascar Queen Ranavalona III on holiday in France, c.1903. Kerry Taylor Auction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4078e25-99e0-4166-98c9-18a04dcb726a/IMG_1203+%282%29.jpg Black Royalty Madagascar The family, including Ranavalona and her great-niece as a toddler. The French officer is probably her god father – French officer Alfred Durand. Kerry Taylor Auctions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27965058-1469-4cba-9249-16b13db45669/Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rainilaiarivony_of_Madagascar.jpg Black Royalty Madagascar Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony. Kerry Taylor Auctions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/49ef8052-1d17-47f3-8495-27d5d8d292fd/ranavalona2.jpg.webp Black Royalty Madagascar A portrait of Ranavalona III in exile. Kerry Taylor Auctions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a16d6811-734a-4535-809b-59aa2a5ba919/Razafinandriamanitra%2C_niece_of_Queen_Ranavalona_III+%282%29.jpg Black Royalty Madagascar Princess Razafinandriamanitra .Kerry Taylor Auctions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83d2e139-72a4-4019-9076-87debc94b2f2/IMG_1202+%282%29.jpg Black Royalty Madagascar Right: Queen Ranavalona III circa 1900 in Algeria wearing European high fashion and exotic headdress, the dress bearing Madagascar flowers. Kerry Taylor Auctions https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-royalty daily 0.75 2025-07-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8827f674-9ee9-4714-b98a-ae42ff7da092/sara-forbes-bonetta-camille-silvy.jpg.jpeg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1376827c-991f-4159-a5f8-060b78be91b7/3958-773D47E5-ACCF-BBAB-687E-4DCBD279D1B4.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2769bed1-20c0-4789-8ca2-5b4a86bc36d1/Ranavalona.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/portraits daily 0.75 2026-04-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bbae67ea-a648-4d5c-bc6a-2993376d6b9b/7a725aca2837234996af3444ecaf7ddc.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/93808d8f-ce53-4318-8878-5968394e0f6f/d4738cb06a0b7daa0a50b190a9f2e093.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fbd946fd-a9e3-44fc-a027-a9bdf5bf5829/d73e4f20206b168b1e58b95fca54eec2.jpg Portraits Mother and Children, James Van Der Zee, 1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/abb6857e-d571-402d-89a9-57fb75ee2eb5/3c3a33363bb6d2775b2cf308eb676581.jpg Portraits Eva Jackson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aa6f2463-4489-4ee4-a840-72c14a8d2647/download+%284%29.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8fdc4ca-9e6d-410b-880a-a0291d93b100/Unknown+Woman.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b411cbe7-824c-481f-a7b9-35a058172272/Girl+in+Studio+Portrait%2C+Gainesville%2C+Georgia+%E2%80%93+Circa+1930s+%281%29.jpg Portraits Girl in Studio Portrait, Gainesville, Georgia – Circa 1930s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06253cec-1e87-44ca-b5bd-af2ed2a67b6d/2e2550fbc6395c55222e4ce9f88f5a17.jpg Portraits Kwame Nkrumah and his Mother. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4038ccfc-047a-4554-93d9-c34b27405cac/ae3103a92d0fefd96c62e1ef7464790d.jpg Portraits Congolese man https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bd17d3eb-1ebd-4dfb-9846-c16eb7094c6a/bc774fce3d07f22bd8aef7c93d34e51e.jpg Portraits Soldier’s wives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c5f3ab9-5739-411e-8b17-db19f7e0d501/3ce784088b8c9fcc2a59249c56588ddd.jpg Portraits Zanzibar Harem woman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/880338b2-194d-4684-b6ad-2094241f136a/9f6570f1210a370e886ca975870b2748.jpg Portraits Christianized Susu woman from the Rio Pongo, 1889 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b2a3e5b4-afb5-4345-afd0-b2b6db88e17d/a.jpeg Portraits Albino Indian https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2aae839-4fdd-4d73-b335-a355beb24619/0c5fa8f8635787cac82e831525499025.jpg Portraits Nigeria 1950s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2690a4b6-ab3c-45c3-92ac-c31299ca2b76/e8902d61846f422ba87b534e01bbd49c.jpg Portraits Congo Free State: Vintage photo of a Congolese woman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9db71bb-3f2d-47f0-b34f-7d9fd3ef6937/fd4c2d886d72f0296d70f3f72ff31975.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4863c77b-7077-4762-8c36-a70881631e01/fffca5d200d29714bfd62c5b5a262d59.jpg Portraits Black family circa 1916 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d3292692-44b1-4d5f-836d-f4b88f636b61/4df310c53da67d4033f10848f88bc0f2.jpg Portraits Somalia In The 80s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/505fd861-295b-4e68-b368-269ada5a1faa/ce86b4bedd5ce7ee42f20b9460749858.jpg Portraits Historical Black Photos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c5bec133-fcf1-428f-b9a8-25fc80ce7daa/b7d9ea6ee834888b1d12ca648290afeb.jpg Portraits Black Forest Clock History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc615a6e-42c4-4fa6-93a5-cb8889dc28c2/c.jpeg Portraits Old Eritrean Pictures: Vintage photo of a african american mother and two daughters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/288ba8e2-1256-49f8-91e7-0a9d71af8fe3/e.jpeg Portraits Historic African American Churches: William Shorey and his family in the early 1900's. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bb19ca0b-5cce-40c1-bd5a-9efbe0139eed/1.jpeg Portraits Somalia 1900s, Madagascar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27cc4f35-59eb-4893-a5ca-6b71907f4e5f/3.jpeg Portraits Cameroon, http://www.quaibranly.fr © musée du quai Branly Photographe : Augustin Cottes (1871 - 1913) Cameroun – Sud-Ouest 1905-1908 : date de prise de vue Donateur : Augustin Cottes Précédente https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/89662ada-6409-4c1c-aa74-826b239a891f/2.jpeg Portraits Congolese Women https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1dee8ecd-0f51-42c4-b824-0ada15f11b71/image0.jpeg Portraits Beautiful African American Family 1800s or 1900s. This was taken between 1900-1903The mothers hairstyle is in the "Gibson girl " trend which hit the public. As well considering the style of her dress as well says 1900. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b56792cb-4c33-4c02-9946-09719199b81c/image2.jpeg Portraits sisters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd556a0b-3189-41db-ad96-35102496a934/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.17.16+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b1874ff0-69ca-4586-904c-5bd4986ad7d4/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.17.33+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0566d2a5-0ba6-4def-af8e-ad53e320d7d9/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.18.15+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/acd37b4a-01a4-4025-9f58-98deedf2f240/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.18.50+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef531a2b-a382-4b85-9252-e29abba0c5b8/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.20.50+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. Students and tutor from the School of Hairweaving, Maxted Road, Peckham https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6fad275-6eea-4bf5-a4a8-4e1c650b4ffd/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.21.24+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27d6c02c-01ac-4fae-9221-0ef1982eeba8/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.21.52+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. A boy and a girl with a statue of the Madonna, taken at their first communion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/030b7cda-9127-4dd1-9c6d-88a5c633fc4c/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.22.23+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f81c20f6-99e0-48aa-bb99-d8afdc1e09a6/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.22.51+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/79d75fa7-039f-4487-b676-3f19ce330168/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.23.25+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. Portrait of three young men, taken in 1982 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4498d78e-d46f-4aac-9a0b-500fd92a515c/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.23.53+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ed23e37-5ad2-4085-8281-2890cbab67a4/5121f7c13fb7365fea16587511e2a4f4.png Portraits Studio Portrait of Cecilia White from Jaffe Studio Photo. Estimated Date Made, 1978 via History Colorado https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b173ba3-a62e-4ce3-97e7-893aee3316d9/modern-travel-a-record-of-exploration-travel-1921-14593247228-38a4b9.jpg Portraits Modern travel, a record of exploration, travel, 1921 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9f97dfc-a1a3-4dec-8a9b-df4933ff2962/ku-pennell_1531_JPG.jpg Portraits Portrait of Marie Watson Holding Umbrella 1902 Pennell, Joseph Judd , 1866-1923 (photographer) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b0b3336b-273f-469f-a230-5c1a4a982bfb/ku-pennell_587_JPG.jpg Portraits Double Portrait of Alice Hardin 1898 Pennell, Joseph Judd , 1866-1923 (photographer) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/89502be5-a618-40be-9472-ad8a173683ba/fec0b4877d6bf7ec03475a38bfbfed7c.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7e24722-feab-4e98-8f2c-1d91fa25c405/default-4.jpg Portraits Zanzibar, 1908 'Bringing in Forage' pg.29 Northwestern Digital Collections https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a104fb18-e89b-48b0-90e4-0548490a1c54/505d891b2578417cee681fe65769e39e.jpg Portraits Dressed For Church | Mrs Richards https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6ca81b7-ce47-443c-afdc-93d20bea02a0/Collectie_Nationaal_Museum_van_Wereldculturen_TM-60062272_Studioportret_van_een_verkoopster_van_kolen_Jamaica_J.W._%28John%29_Cleary_%28Fotograaf%29.jpg Portraits Collection National Museum of World Cultures TM-60062272 Studio portrait of a coal seller Jamaica J.W. (John) Cleary (Photographer) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d0bb8d0f-5748-4e1d-bd1d-ebcf352d1791/Screenshot+2025-08-21+at+23.44.03.png Portraits Unidentified Children. Estimated Date Made, 1890-1920. via History Colorado https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b071f074-1718-4a5c-8bbe-b3c2262fd146/ku-pennell_2317_JPG.jpg Portraits Portrait of Jennie Jackson Children 1915. Pennell, Joseph Judd , 1866-1923 (photographer). Joseph Judd Pennell Photographs Collection (1888-1923) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36ca14de-b479-465d-9e98-bb3d83abf21e/ku-pennell_4535_JPG.jpg Portraits Portrait of Hester Clay? 1917 . Pennell, Joseph Judd , 1866-1923 (photographer). Joseph Judd Pennell Photographs Collection (1888-1923) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6dcaa962-b4b7-4507-8c6f-6e15134f188d/service-pnp-ppmsca-11100-11178r.jpg Portraits '' Kager Mays, African American soldier, half-length portrait, facing front '' Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/47e3c064-9c9e-4fe1-836c-9ab26c8a2bf5/ku-pennell_4301_JPG.jpg Portraits Portrait of Francis Hooks Holding Book https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/42ceba10-41b6-4a9b-a147-cee864fa2988/ku-pennell_4632_JPG.jpg Portraits Portrait of Florence Minnott https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/74d5b62f-d40b-493a-bc39-915c29f0e943/service-pnp-cph-3c30000-3c36000-3c36900-3c36924r.jpg Portraits Portrait of African American girl, seated.Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db7b8b12-0c98-42ac-b507-6d62b5051bc5/service-pnp-ppmsca-26400-26463r.jpg Portraits Unidentified African American boy standing in front of painted backdrop showing American flag and tents ; campaign button with portraits of Lincoln on one side and Johnson on the opposite side are attached to inside cover of case. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/035460b9-3b6f-4833-9526-0d3135d9e09e/service-pnp-ppmsca-11200-11298r-2.jpg Portraits African American soldier, half-length portrait, with pistol and jacket.Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775046912124-I290UOYHZW0M4XYNNYW0/Crowther.jpg Portraits Bishop Samuel Crowther (African name was Adjai (properly Ajayi)), photographed by Ernest Edwards of London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775047163064-BPCYNL6TGJHG6FSQLOH5/blacks15.jpg Portraits Unidentified sitter, photographed by Brown, Barnes and Bell, who operated studios at numerous locations throughout England. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775046731054-MY2RIBUUTIMY9HAUQHQA/Dado1.jpg Portraits Dado, a member of the Galla people, photographed in 1868 by Edmund Eccles of Bury in Lancashire. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775053214373-63KLO93HGNZU7YIBXB1T/prince-dejatch-alamayou-of-abyssinia-web.jpg Portraits Prince (Dejatch) Alamayou of Abyssinia, photographed by Jabez Hughes 1868. © National Portrait Gallery, London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775053339955-DDWE8Z55TXP0NOG25GGH/samuel-ajayi-crowther-by-ernest-edwards-web.jpg Portraits Ernest Edwards (American, 1837-1903) photographed by Samuel Ajayi Crowther, 1864. © National Portrait Gallery, London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2cb399a-ba2c-4f2b-8bb9-5dec6e29f46f/Trinidad+Woman%2C+ca+1890.jpg Portraits (1980). Trinidad Woman [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9d3c6ea-a7da-4a2a-8449-f1cdb2cd5476/Valentine+and+Sons+-+Negro+Girl%2C+Jamaica%2C+1891.jpg Portraits Valentine and Sons. (1891). Girl in Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09ec862f-7d74-46ca-9594-911c4928f887/Gaston+Fabre+-+Banana+Vendor%2C+Martinique%2C+ca+1885.jpg Portraits Gaston, F. (1885). Banana Vendor, Martinique. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b1b399ca-2cac-41da-bbc6-1532bf2a58f6/53d96554598c8f5c568ee904e786622e.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ad1754a7-cbd7-458e-9f42-ee4f4e6392e1/240e378cb788d3066a7f19acf56a200e.jpg Portraits Taken by photographer Nathan C. White https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dab50339-b561-42b4-8f8a-6d35ea43925e/88be45a5b18608f9e620f4bba325f143.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/23092ff2-3321-4aba-92b6-dda516c4f2c9/d45f0e853da5f555c831dc7dc79cabfd.jpg Portraits Aida Overton Walker https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9405ed1f-9122-4384-9ac4-49125343701f/Screen-Shot-2019-10-01-at-6.33.41-PM-1024x763+%281%29.png Portraits “Six Generations,” R.W. Harrison, Selma, Alabama. 1893 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1059a85-7bbf-40c5-85b0-e7431a8e448f/download.jpg Portraits Victorian Fashion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a264895c-5cd6-4dae-ae5d-6db29b3593d4/Gallery+%E2%80%93+Rediscovering+an+American+Community+of+Color.jpg Portraits Rediscovering an American Community of Color The Photographs of William Bullard, 1897 – 1917 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/300a7ba9-52bf-4446-b3eb-82afbf1a75c3/Early+1900%27s.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a53826ad-85e4-479d-b302-fae7cd55265a/Amazing+Grace%21.jpg Portraits Richard and Mary Elizabeth Ward Wilson, about 1902 by William Bullard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2afbfd93-935b-4116-a4e7-9a3129b3c7a7/download+%281%29.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5115e4cd-bb4a-402c-ab4c-9e882131c9fa/African+woman%2C+Madagascar_++Unknown+photographer_.jpg Portraits African woman, Madagascar. Unknown photographer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c6f098e-d7b7-4e35-a95b-c107a7da39e3/download+%282%29.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9b166e13-b14b-46e1-9993-448a65291311/Twins+Elsie+%281889-1981%29+and+Lela+%281889-1962%29+Scott+-+Stafford%2C+KS.jpg Portraits Twins Elsie (1889-1981) and Lela (1889-1962) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/74f3adbc-b66f-453f-ab01-537861c4f7ed/How+Black+Americans+used+portraits+and+family+photographs+to+defy+stereotypes.jpg Portraits Jennie Bradley Johnson and her daughters, photographed by William Bullard around 1901. Courtesy of Frank Morrill, Clark University and the Worcester Art Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d58d66b2-46d8-4da5-a18d-9e71353350ee/download+%285%29.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af1039cc-7d83-44b8-b2d9-614b5b7c01f4/b2067639d8fdf6ae936636c89bbacaab.jpg Portraits James Van Der Zee. Women and children, Lenox. c. 1909. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a46466cf-13a8-4f6e-84bc-724208693b57/8bc16a1e02c3c1cb3d8c312c5e4c0025.jpg Portraits Smithsonian Mother carrying a child, older woman on her side. Congo Français. Photograph by J. Audema. ca.1905 via https://siris-archives.si.edu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/987f0cf3-d72d-4751-b2ec-2d2017d9d479/c5f0e2d1caa5c82b910df23f6942f42b.jpg Portraits Liberia, 1906 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60e6d4c4-0782-4cde-a57a-7acc47820ccf/c5f0e2d1caa5c82b910df23f6942f42b.jpg Portraits Mandigo Men in Masamabolahun, Kolahun District, Lofa County, Liberia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c0954fa-b147-4366-8265-71df0a761647/4ca8a7ac118e27be312ba3607a8d038e.jpg Portraits French West Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43537a82-1164-4da2-913f-6a95c8041f7e/098b0a37fa7abf483b0f5c8b6f3d52a9.jpg Portraits Madagascar Culture: Vintage photos of Madagascar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/75210b55-e183-4c41-b525-b7efc2b4f9df/b.jpeg Portraits History Of Ghana: The brothers Charles, Samuel, and Timothy Amaning. Gold Coast, 1915. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/014a3761-b6c9-4439-b7a3-c510a0364415/Screenshot+2025-09-10+at+8.43.04+PM.png Portraits Amhara woman, 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/710aa1c0-a6d0-4d96-a353-2a1f03b85bcd/985acd7bf5e29d54d1e327749fd26bd5.jpg Portraits Vintage Haiti https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6a144387-db0b-4eb5-94c6-57c0cf32b6a3/47591df0969e343920ac68fef18844bf.jpg Portraits Ethiopian Family https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36519b17-ae28-4f00-b78e-36d493bdac19/63736b7cbb0a1831e2fc1e77628e9364.jpg Portraits Black And White Family History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb9c5249-99ff-4064-bdd1-10ebdaaebd29/9d40732352b403a85a26db14ac304415.jpg Portraits Black And White Photos, 1800s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be1beccc-6391-4947-a479-fb4bd9635567/9a5eaf8d32b7b817494b193de39cb30d.jpg Portraits Old Black Pictures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9784fd19-90f5-4168-8090-a1021ecd73fd/d.jpeg Portraits Historic African American Churches: Booker T. Washington and family https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ef95a5e-0f9f-4909-8b1b-659075c840d2/4.jpeg Portraits Viviane Sassen: Kapijimpanga, Zambia, 2005 - by Viviane Sassen (1972), Dutch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a6ddf39-ceab-4095-9448-38c17774108d/5.jpeg Portraits The Coast - Old East Africa Postcards: Hairdos – Studio portraits of women Slideshow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7d2d0d8-63d4-4b10-8b41-5a89fdbf1300/image1.jpeg Portraits A Téké engineer, Bungudi, and his wife in Kinshasa in 1908. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07218aa6-4335-484f-a767-f9961fbc3217/image3.jpeg Portraits Vintage Eritrea (1894-1899) Eritrean woman in Segeneyti, Eritrea https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e1544de-8663-4954-9a29-b4c288d81c1b/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.17.55+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f8a62c3-7b46-440d-916d-d8b8c7cb317a/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.18.32+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9d2ebf8-876e-402f-8ebb-9fabd2b6681f/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.20.30+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce6edc3c-ae2f-4370-87ff-7326a1a7a635/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.21.10+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. Students and tutor from the School of Hairweaving, Maxted Road, Peckham https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4de92b0-e67c-4dc0-a65d-6f5a99b6a40f/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.21.38+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16088052-9d3d-47b4-af33-dcc2e8bee06b/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.22.08+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/daff5f6f-6544-4cb0-985e-6e7e962d7191/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.22.36+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b25d702-d400-49e6-85fd-5586366fc45b/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.23.08+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9e0bb15-1580-4184-ab2c-9a016bd39463/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.23.39+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e90fdcd1-2b4b-443b-9782-96af24335417/Screenshot+2025-09-26+at+7.24.06+PM.png Portraits Jacobs, Ben. “Windrush at 70: Portraits of a Generation — in Pictures.” The Guardian, May 24, 2018. A Snapshot of Brixton: Harry Jacobs and the Empire Windrush is at Lambeth Town Hall, 1 Brixton Hill, London SW2 1RW. It opens on 25 May and runs until 6 July. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c5c88b2f-ac2d-4c2a-bb8f-a042504323db/96dee8c5de7b5aef6fd32b92d930d0bf.jpg Portraits Photographer O. E. Aultman. Date, 1890-1900, 1896. via History Colorado https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a54a2ecf-7b6e-4a40-bbd2-270c171f7394/femme-mina-dagoue-d78f10.jpg Portraits A black and white photo of a woman holding a baby , 1900 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e603032a-495a-450d-b097-a622c4eed256/Image.png Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfc3f07c-6153-449f-a3bf-315238bbef06/default-5.jpg Portraits Zanzibar, 1908 'Swahili women hair dressing' pg.45 Northwestern Digital Collections https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/70e1ea43-566b-4543-bbe7-5675e36a6240/470760187_10160730296706497_8784723399442512255_n.jpg Portraits Photograph of a local Jamaican woman, c.1860. Bristol Archives: British Empire & Commonwealth Collection, Ref. # 2005/001/151/28. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d1d62236-5405-4aa5-bed7-21f35b6d91ea/service-pnp-cph-3c10000-3c17000-3c17900-3c17947r.jpg Portraits ''Young African American woman, half-length portrait, facing right, with left hand under chin'' Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/481d67e1-27f1-4f07-8f60-6f2a25439a7d/service-pnp-ppmsca-11200-11298r.jpg Portraits ''African American soldier, half-length portrait, with pistol and jacket'' Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eae8f2d8-4132-44db-a14d-f44100c09f91/service-pnp-cph-3c10000-3c17000-3c17900-3c17947r-2.jpg Portraits Young African American woman, half-length portrait, facing right, with left hand under chin. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8ad3eceb-bed9-4c77-b39e-f82874936fa6/service-pnp-ppss-00100-00126r.jpg Portraits Unidentified African American boy standing in front of painted backdrop showing American flag and tents ; campaign button with portraits of Lincoln on one side and Johnson on the opposite side are attached to inside cover of case.Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775047095225-NJC0BRYTEKZISWSVUU7L/blacks2.jpg Portraits Henry Johnson, the Archdeacon of the Upper Niger and on 12 November 1885 was awarded an honorary M.A. by the University of Cambridge. Photographed by William Menzies of 213 Upper Street, Islington [London]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/caf1c4f5-1c9d-4951-9cac-f35f0a0e47a7/blacks27.jpg Portraits Unidentified sitter, a carte-de-visite portrait of an unidentified sitter. Photographed by Stephen Ayling of 493 Oxford Street, London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775046799341-TSNCLMLLJHCN6LKYOU5O/blacks20.jpg Portraits Unidentified sitters, photographed by John Hart of City Road, London E.C.1. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d39546b2-eb0b-4f80-a4c4-c7b54e5bfe67/dejazmatch-alamayou-tewodros-web.jpg Portraits Dejazmatch Alamayou Tewodros on the Isle of Wight, photographed by Julia Margaret Cameron, 1868. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775053307551-LO0610NKHX2DALOY5WMD/martha-ricks-by-elliott-fry-web.jpg Portraits Martha Ricks, photographed by Elliott & Fry, 18 July 1892. Albumen cabinet card. © National Portrait Gallery, London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e5b8c09d-35f6-43d0-b656-befbcfdad7d0/Martinique+Woman%2C+ca+1890.jpg Portraits (1980). Martinique Woman [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5bc7d353-2d94-4860-a0bd-baf4bb3669af/Officer%2C+Haiti%2C+ca+1880.jpg Portraits (1880). Officer in Haiti. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b5c692ae-88ba-4b3a-919c-a4ca64401abe/Family+In+Garden%2C+Jamaica.jpg Portraits (n.d.). Family In Garden, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53ac5191-737f-4c05-afd3-55bdb83011ef/Woman%2C+Martinique.jpg Portraits (n.d.). Woman, Martinique. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8ac19ad4-b718-4359-8123-b4988bae893a/default.jpg Portraits studio portrait of an African American family https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9a8d89a2-90c3-4530-821a-492c26e7a366/download+%281%29.png Portraits Mrs. Frazer Baker and children family of the murdered postmaster at Lake City, So. Carolina https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d2f65e27-c3ee-4fc7-8d6b-7afd8eacbae0/Portrait+of+a+Woman%2C+Barbados.jpg Portraits Portrait of a Woman, Barbados https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15feecbe-3937-4970-87d0-229d6b4e9b36/Young-Fante-woman-Cape-Coast-Ghana-Source-Photographer-unknown-c-1885-1910-Ghana.ppm.png Portraits Young Fante woman, Cape Coast, Ghana. Source: Photographer unknown, c. 1885-1910, Ghana Photographic Album, EEPA 1995-018-0002, Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/647fe207-be73-47a6-be86-c12fd88a5e3e/Discovering+a+Trailblazer_+Henrietta+Goodwin%2C+SDSU%27s+First+Black+Graduate.jpg Portraits Henrietta Godwin SDSUs First Black Graduates https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0526a37b-ae98-4517-9bb7-574a36f24211/African-American+Methodist+missionaries+from+Arkansas+photographed+in+New+York+City+on+their+way+to+Liberia%2C+circa+1898.jpg Portraits African-American Methodist missionaries from Arkansas photographed in New York City on their way to Liberia, circa 1898 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fbe9df98-eda7-4044-855f-6c91e7c261eb/basa-3k-7-349-8a-kilwa-tanzania-27c6e8.jpg Portraits Kilwa- Tanzania, 1913 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9372cd5d-8167-4d0f-9657-73c10dc55e38/vingtannees-346-d-162928.jpg Portraits Young Native Women. - Kassaï (1892) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7acf72f6-a301-4aa3-bf0d-ee230a6399fe/1191px-Pygmies_from_Central_Africa-_their_architecture._%28Display_in_the_Department_of_Anthropology_at_the_1904_World%27s_Fair%29.jpg Portraits Pygmies from Central Africa- their architecture. (Display in the Department of Anthropology at the 1904 World's Fair) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1311c095-d7de-48a5-ac98-1eb795eac93d/fc984ad1c29dd8cc83d3b04a353d2b7c.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/32052076-3c1f-4ff8-8a05-04907e2a2dd1/Wow+%281%29.jpg Portraits https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c18f004-136e-47c0-a461-eb5f71813071/Beautiful+African+American+Family+1800s+or+1900s.jpg Portraits Beautiful African American Family 1800s or 1900s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/faba6f6d-f82c-4a7f-9ec6-f89e7edd0687/madagascar-jeune-garcon-antaisaka-855b62.jpg Portraits Madagascar- Young boy Antaisaika, 1880 - 1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fa24b68-cb3d-4838-996d-67d375b3e5b9/children-are-always-watching-and-waiting-ridge-well-project-saint-marys-county-40cd34.jpg Portraits A black and white picture of a young girl, via Office of War Information Photography, 01/01/1941 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1999684b-e51c-4202-9575-dc6ceba54632/girl-african-africa-people-76e8a0.jpg Portraits A young girl in the village of the gambia, 2016 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0732e857-e724-488f-9b55-08437f358d64/a1628531ba22ee00856445c9891c7b92.jpg Portraits https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/entertainment daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b49f82c-a12e-4336-89e4-909c79d1fa91/abomah-183x300-1.jpg.webp Entertainment Abomah the African Giantess The African Giantess," undated British postcard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53e41860-6e27-4ffb-9581-313d21baa14a/mme-abomah-11.jpg Entertainment Portrait of Abomah "the African Giantess" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99da8934-dfa3-480b-b2bb-3d4891033019/1372696322_history03.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c1c9ce8-e0bd-43ab-b18c-70de1ab2d7c0/HamptonSingers-HptnPctRev1962.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7239d5c3-718e-406c-8c0a-4892c3d27b50/Photo_of_Julia_Perry.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/51ef5e84-b3bf-4db7-a63c-7fa2cf0c90eb/African-Choir-2.jpeg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/the-african-choir daily 0.75 2025-06-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8a50fc4-b087-4451-82de-6e7237a2f09d/African-Choir-2.jpeg The African Choir https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/the-fisk-jubilee-singers daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2fea7911-c980-47c9-af89-dfb51d9fcdd5/1000013729.png The Fisk Jubilee Singers Advertisement for the Fisk Jubilee Singers, Knights of Pythias Temple, Dallas, Texas, 1919. The Dallas Express (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 26, No. 21, Ed. 1 Saturday, March 8, 1919, via the Portal to Texas History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50c29269-7de7-4609-917e-0d270970d108/1000013714.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers Fisk Jubilee Singers, about 1905, from Alexander Turnbull Library, Irene Cox Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6cd280bc-82e7-4029-ba96-86939ae5ecd7/1000013716.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers The Jubilee Singers, circa 1873, from Gustavus Pike's “The Jubilee Singers and their campaign for twenty thousand dollars”. From the Smithsonian's Anacostia Community Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/32b93a03-61f1-4817-b9f2-931d7bbe7f8a/1000013720.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers Albumen cabinet card of the Fisk Jubilee Singers in London. This photograph was commissioned by Queen Victoria who arranged for it to be sent to America as 'a gift from England to Fisk'. Circa 1876. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d5cb943-06ce-40a4-9582-442409aee470/1000013722.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers A circa 1883 photograph of the Fisk Jubilee Singers from J.B.T. Marsh's The Story of the Jubilee Singers: With Their Songs. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2e5b7620-d91b-41db-8379-2829c902ee49/1000013715.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers Picture taken by James Wallace Black in 1872. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a1652506-ef3d-4925-9137-ad23b7b8679d/1000013727.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers Portrait by the official painter of the Court of St. James after a performance for Queen Victoria in 1873. Fisk University, John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library, Special Collections. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87120a6f-f4ab-4f6c-b6e4-850a6443d92c/1000013723.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers "Fisk University Jubilee Singers: Organized from Emancipated Slaves, in Nashville, Tenn., U.S.A., Oct. 1871." A poster, printed on cardboard, advertising a tour made by the Fisk University Jubilee Singers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/88b75e5b-7169-4b1b-8cea-605aa4c69320/fisk_jubilee_singers_1882.jpg.webp The Fisk Jubilee Singers The Fisk Jubilee Singers in 1882. Source: Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec75339d-e38b-46a4-8b38-a56a94a8dd13/1000013717.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers The Jubilee Singers, circa 1880, from J. B. T. Mash's "The story of the Jubilee Singers". The Smithsonian's Anacostia Community Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b134821-b7b0-45ae-aedd-5a6f26bd89c7/1000013724.png The Fisk Jubilee Singers “The original Fisk University Jubilee Singers, organized October 1871,” source: State Library Victoria (Australia) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/37bcd1a7-4a97-4c2c-9761-00defb2f4e81/1000013719.jpg The Fisk Jubilee Singers photograph of the Jubilee Singers posing at the Lexington Business College in Lexington, Nebraska. by photographer Solomon D. Butcher, in 1909. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a72ea3b4-ca87-45c2-aa15-d42879696aff/1000013726.webp The Fisk Jubilee Singers A studio group portrait of the Fisk University Jubilee singers. From left to right: Minnie Tate, Greene Evans, Isaac Dickerson, Jennie Jackson, Maggie Porter, Ella Sheppard, Thomas Rutling, Benjamin Holmes, and Eliza Walker. James Wallace Black / American Missionary Association. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-language-systems daily 0.75 2025-07-05 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/women-composers-and-conductors daily 0.75 2025-09-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f3a70ba-ffa4-4b7f-8071-23c305f4d2ac/Price-early.jpg Women Composers and Conductors Florence Price Born: 1887 – Died: 1953 Florence Price was the first Black woman composer to have a symphony performed by a major U.S. orchestra. She studied at the New England Conservatory and remained active in Chicago’s music scene. Her work blended classical forms with African-American folk themes. Chicago Symphony Orchestra premiered her Symphony No. 1 in E minor in a concert titled “The Negro in Music.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/de32161a-4a12-4e19-b3ab-76506a85fc5d/2872.jpg Women Composers and Conductors Camille Nickerson was a composer and Howard University professor. She arranged Creole folk songs and toured widely, earning the nickname “The Louisiana Lady.” Her work helped preserve Louisiana’s Black musical heritage. Camille Nickerson Bowing. Scurlock Studio Records. COURTESY OF SMITHSONIAN ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1c31c0c4-0a5c-4d2a-987a-2024237e4fb1/Century-of-Progress-program-Florence-Price-Chicago-Symphony-Archives.jpg Women Composers and Conductors Chicago Symphony Orchestra program page for the June 15, 1933, concert. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/55b1ddda-0a8a-42dd-890a-f85967b04b36/Shirley_Graham_Du_Bois_1_%28cropped%29.jpg Women Composers and Conductors Shirley Graham Du Bois Born: 1896 – Died: 1977 A writer and composer, Du Bois was the first Black woman to produce an opera with an all- Black cast. Tom-Tom premiered in 1932 to over 25,000 people. She was also an activist and wife of W.E.B. Du Bois. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/men-composers-and-conductors daily 0.75 2025-07-06 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-fashion daily 0.75 2026-03-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b3c11e5c-c670-460e-a282-c830304aa170/Asafo+Flags.jpg African Fashion Fanti woman from Sekondi wearing a Etam na Akatado around 1910. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/de03b301-0c47-4337-9162-828b1ec05351/20181208_dap332-jpg-e1679588017592.jpeg African Fashion (Left to Right ) Ghana Politicians A. Casely Hayford, Komla Agbeli Gbedemah, Kwame Nkrumah, and Kojo Botsio speaking at the Ghana independence ceremonies (March 1957). Nkrumah and Botsio can be seen wearing a smock. Mark Kauffman/The LIFE Picture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ccabe095-220a-41f3-9936-ac59a51c72e4/Kobby-Ankomah-Graham-Archives-Aperture-Accra-252-02.jpg African Fashion A Ga girl in Adda. Ghana, ca. 1883/1888. H. Hürlimann, Missionary; Historical Photographs from the Basel Mission. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef935733-d976-4a00-adad-cce76abb1881/2429323815_33a563d304_k.jpg African Fashion Dresses from the late 60s worn by Ghanaian models Doris Amponsah and Margaret Sarpong. From DRUM Magazine Ghana, 1969. Scanned by Korateng Ofosu-Amaah. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87b194cf-74d9-4bd7-b36c-f4867609fee3/four+ladies.jpg African Fashion Four ladies of Tarkwa, Ghana. 1920 circa. By P. A. McCann. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9af9dc18-fdcc-4089-a106-e30ce5cfdfd5/Screenshot_20250709_134137_Instagram.jpg African Fashion Ghanaian women wearing Kente in the 70s, for a church celebration. Accra, Ghana, 1970s. James Barnor/Autograph ABP, London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/02a1c9b5-c8fd-4ed6-ae20-e683b9d02b49/a4d72332769350c6863990189a95363c.jpg African Fashion Portrait of Fante women wearing tekua, mbobɔho, and ntama, 1964. Photo by Roy Sieber. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd5dbc6b-b3e7-4bbc-8770-d005b3114f63/download+%288%29.jpeg African Fashion Portrait of men wearing boubou, by Seydou Keïta. Bamako, Mali, 1975. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/657395e5-8910-4e4f-8dd8-2926bd32248a/Vintage+Yoruba+man.jpeg African Fashion Chief Ariyo holds an ape and an iyaṣin omalóre in his hands while wearing an udamalore and eja at his hip. Photo: Justine Cordwell, 1949, courtesy of Colin Cordwell. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c4477686-eb15-4f6a-97e9-b06a2dad8880/download+%2810%29.jpeg African Fashion “A Ga girl in Adda” Ghana. ca. 1883/1888 || H. Hürlimann, Missionary; Historical Photographs from the Basel Mission. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b8056810-7b5a-4f4b-8d37-3f624c63948e/La+vie+secr%C3%A8te+des+personnages.jpeg African Fashion Betsileo woman from Madagascar, 1920. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d710535-8d45-4984-814d-424e868ace0e/download+%2811%29.jpeg African Fashion After the Funeral, Philip Kwame Apagya. 1998. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef7d5028-fded-4d59-92a3-911bc541baf7/download+%2812%29.jpeg African Fashion Women in traditional attire in Lagos, Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770326312549-HT68MLCLYJEQ4COYY3OS/ea75fa4ff46bc792a7abffff5ee61eda.jpg African Fashion Jeunes Krowmen de Drewin" Ivory Coast, circa 1900. Kru youths. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770326334083-PY20W19XI84QY24AVZN5/e601e791c09153af9a880259de8df722.jpg African Fashion Senegal, circa 1900. Studio portrait postcard of two young Wolof women seated wearing patterned boubou gowns with draped wrapper cloths. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d0a980cf-f78c-4c92-9cf9-17b4cfc6e6cc/94729c1f7fe631fe8586b73bbb5a5af9.jpg African Fashion Zanzibar, an Arab Woman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65953beb-6756-4361-b1a3-32a1636c68a9/Hand+painted+and+batik+caftan_.jpg African Fashion Hand painted and batik caftan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0ead93f-4ef7-4e9a-ab77-ff5a3712d45b/Transkei+people.jpg African Fashion Xhosa tribe of South Africa. Traditional Xhosa dress composed of wrapped blankets, painted cloth skirts, beaded collars and necklaces, beaded headpieces, and arm ornaments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4c8504c6-b6d8-461b-827e-735bbcb1c21d/+-6.jpg African Fashion The Regent of Urundi wearing an Imbega with ceremonial tassels, 1900s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff861ba1-46cf-4854-b3ad-7c007088fc5c/OBA+AKENZUA+THE+II.jpg African Fashion Oba Akenzua II, the King of Benin from 1933 to 1978 in full traditional regalia, which includes significant coral garments and headpiece. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770905894768-HX6XN9R80AJRNNPW9MUL/%2B-8.jpg African Fashion Senegalese women wearing wax-print boubou gowns with moussor headwraps, 1957. Photographed by Stuart James https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af193d82-7ccb-43a7-a7d5-9058120d5618/+-7.jpg African Fashion Portrait of Negadras Gebrehiwot Baykedagn, an Ethiopian intellectual and economist in traditional Ethiopian warrior attire, with an ornate shield (known as a Gasha).  https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c576676a-2640-496b-ad93-18e81acdcba6/Ghana+%F0%9F%87%AC%F0%9F%87%AD.jpg African Fashion Babbar Riga robe and a beaded crown worn in Ghana, Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770907018214-7PA7TU63KE1MI5JVZQCO/aedd9f9728218ed12f6899c76c52c5f3.jpg African Fashion Traditional Agbada ceremonial robes and a beaded royal crown worn by Oba Ladapo Ademola II, the Alake of Egbaland, in Abeokuta, Nigeria, around 1923. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770907348257-9AC05FAM80SLEL61EWJI/%252B-10.jpg African Fashion Traditional Shilluk lawo (wrapped cloth attire) and a masterly mud-sculpted coiffure worn by a warrior of the Shilluk (Chollo) people in South Sudan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f7f2d94-cc0f-4351-8138-2a8d3d7745f0/portrait+of+a+woman%2C+Zanzibar%2C+circa+1900.jpg African Fashion Traditional Kanga (or Leso) attire and a wrapped headscarf worn by a woman from the Kingdom of Zanzibar around 1900. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770908372270-A7TKIBTDCINL2N5CMY22/Somali%2Btraditional%2Bdress.jpg African Fashion Two Somali women wearing a Guuntino (wrapped asymmetrical dress) on top of a pleated googorad (underskirt) and a garbasaar (headscarf on shoulders). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/110f57c8-0619-4650-958a-69a0df1728fd/+-9.jpg African Fashion Traditional Rwandan royal attire https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/958ba832-8775-4b8a-b8c8-176b60e8c23c/senegal+%F0%9F%87%B8%F0%9F%87%B3%F0%9F%AA%AC.jpg African Fashion A Senegalese woman wearing a bazin boubou, photographed by Malick Sidibé. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9c35a25-82d4-4e79-aa35-3d38998764f9/+-12.jpg African Fashion Oloi Osarugue Erediauwa and Oloi Evbagharu Janet Erediauwa in traditional Edo royal attire. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4b38477b-39fa-4de7-9b73-ad6fe6c2fcb8/senegal+i+believe.jpg African Fashion Senegalese women wearing a boubou, photographed by Harrison Forman in the 1960s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c079bf2c-7b28-4647-b09a-e524ac59c190/Cindy+Deeds%2C+about+1978%2C+Yola%2C+Nigeria_.jpg African Fashion Cindy Deeds wearing a headwrap and a patterned skirt in Nigeria, 1978. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7eefd6cb-46bc-4197-9f7a-f850ecea4cc5/+-13.jpg African Fashion Nigerian woman wearing a grand boubou tied with a tie-dye cloth. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65e4889a-b8f1-47fa-9396-05ed020b11ab/+-14.jpg African Fashion Senegalese women in Dakar wearing Bazin garments and traditional, 1998. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9fb4698c-0b66-4a2a-8311-dd434a2260af/+-15.jpg African Fashion Tanzanian woman wearing a patterned kaftan-style dress, circa 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dbdbaa6d-70d1-4003-b931-09b382388f93/tribal.jpg African Fashion Three Malian women wearing tie-dyed and handwoven cloth. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773668309523-8TB64XGZ40ASAKOMO8DW/Old%2BEgypt.jpg African Fashion A Siwan woman wearing a traditional striped kaftan, photographed by Brigitte Schiffer, 1934. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99ee46e1-7c43-4089-99b4-ac48f7e92d29/A+young+lady+wearing+a+complete+Aso+oke+in+vibrant+colour+in+the+1980s_+Photo-by-John-Hinde.jpg African Fashion A young woman wearing an Aso oke, photographed by John Hinde, circa 1980s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773667550657-86Z0YYFO4VVU73EOWZDN/%2B-18.jpg African Fashion Nigerian women wearing Gele, Iro and Buba, photographed by Paramount Photographers Ltd, circa 1960s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773668769422-V65XZJU4IPNWBLXRBJTO/%2B-20.jpg African Fashion Two Nigerian women wearing traditional Iro and Buba, circa 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b7ab717a-ca7a-45ee-bd98-711f4385b39a/+-17.jpg African Fashion West African woman wearing a dress and headwrap made of Ankara fabric. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6147f97a-c688-4c7f-a798-6c7771f0ea5a/93820329_2685316595127411_4352326949310300160_n.jpg African Fashion Ghanaian women wearing tekua with mbobɔho. Silver Jubilee of Ashantis King, Otumfo Opoku II in Kumasi, Ghana. 14th August 1995. Photo by Marc Deville. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d05abeb-8168-4696-88bf-2ac1047f76f5/img_1_1752060606773.jpg African Fashion Fanti men from Sekondi wearing mbanyin tam, 1905 circa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/133b3680-069a-4bc6-87c4-5f015092e9bc/2429211905_afaed2364b_k.jpg African Fashion Nana Dokua II, Queen Mother of Akropong, wearing traditional regal gowns. From DRUM Magazine Ghana, 1969. Scanned by Korateng Ofosu-Amaah. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b55cc3f4-6e03-4f54-b438-6ce12856dd37/06bcf20d282e20417b0adde86aa1828a+%281%29.jpg African Fashion Sleet and Kaba (on the left), worn by a Ghanaian model. From DRUM Magazine Ghana, 1969. Scanned by Korateng Ofosu-Amaah. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4eb7245c-237f-42a5-8735-b1bd0921cb9f/2430245042_685c07ba5d_h.jpg African Fashion Ghanaian women wearing lappa, a headscarf. From DRUM Magazine Ghana, 1969. Scanned by Korateng Ofosu-Amaah. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8869a199-fafc-4622-a806-cb4aa2399e14/20250709_133252.jpg African Fashion Portrait of Fante women wearing Tekua by Philip Kwame Apagya. 1980s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cff22a08-0efd-4711-b6fc-ec081d724f9b/2430132492_edecb8dafe_k.jpg African Fashion Makeba dress worn by Ghanaian model Victoria Addai. From DRUM Magazine Ghana, 1969. Scanned by Korateng Ofosu-Amaah. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85a85afb-6e2c-4311-b475-72ddf2016a07/download+%287%29.jpeg African Fashion Rwandan groom and groomsmen in Mushanana Traditional Attire. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bff6c34b-2eef-407e-a339-fcead7bf2864/Vintage+Yoruba+Woman.jpeg African Fashion Traditional Nigerian dress and jewelry were worn by Mrs. Omobola Obiogun; one of er country's chief trade officers; on a visit to Canada and the CNE. (Photo by Harold Whyte, 1965) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1eaf87e-e00e-4104-b9e0-6be9b2c689f3/download+%289%29.jpeg African Fashion Wives of the Oba of Benin in their palace quarters, Benin City, 1986. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cca0c2aa-d0b9-49cb-a287-3f3b2efe630c/Equatorial+Guinea+%2C+circa+1900-10_.jpeg African Fashion Carisco people, Cameroon. Vintage postcard; post stamped Jan. 1912; Livreville, Gabon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/11afe26a-e0a9-449f-aa01-1fe9972ec895/Albino.jpeg African Fashion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/24ad1c96-b4e1-4ffb-8392-87f6200a5c92/Fante+Tekua%F0%9F%87%AC%F0%9F%87%AD.jpeg African Fashion Fante Tekua. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770326087412-27XVF7SQFPQ9UMQGJ5MH/a832382d9f4665e891a58c6b43e0a753.jpg African Fashion Wolof boubou ensemble with matching moussor headwrap, Senegalese traditional dress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770326286751-MU4SOHM5TY3ZBAKMUJ6N/1b42f6c790028d54f386ed38e85ce6ac.jpg African Fashion Senegal, circa 1900. Studio portrait postcard of two young Wolof women seated wearing patterned boubou gowns with draped wrapper cloths and headwraps. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770326355962-6D4K2X2Y23S85ID8854F/35c2481d211d8e3f4778bba3f256bff4.jpg African Fashion "Paint Suit Ladies of Zanzibar" (Marinda Pants). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b79f273f-d5f1-4f87-859d-ba9852323cb6/401a6ea7125695b0e725b458dc8268fa.jpg African Fashion Liberian gown seen in Ebony Magazine, Africa Issue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b48c90d6-6b2e-442e-87bb-d3f261413050/+-3.jpg African Fashion Senegalese women wearing indigo and violet boubous with headwraps and gold jewelry. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43a4b9a1-c1bb-4747-b73f-7e0c21d2a730/Transkei+people-2.jpg African Fashion Xhosa tribe of South Africa. Traditional Xhosa dress composed of wrapped blankets, painted cloth skirts, beaded collars and necklaces, beaded headpieces, and arm ornaments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/201cf9b6-77f8-408b-91a1-5281d1876dec/+-4.jpg African Fashion Hand-embroidered indigo cloth wrapper worn by a Hausa woman from Zaria, Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b23936e5-d936-4d01-ae7b-8b263b8be102/Yoruba+Aso+Olona+fabric+%7E+5th+to+10th+century+textile+traditions.jpg African Fashion Akwete cloth, a traditional handwoven textile from Nigeria's Igbo people.  https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d71bc219-4288-45a0-8125-7bd8870c0c24/5425642046_3399471a20_o.jpg African Fashion Traditional Babbar Riga gowns and embroidered Hula caps worn by students and teachers of Katsina College in Northern Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c2f44c07-c12a-443a-8094-397246ad9de1/%28image%29.jpg African Fashion An Imam in Sierra Leone, photographed around 1902, prays in a prestigious indigo etu robe with eight-knives embroidery and a narrow-strip cotton turban. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6110efbb-29ba-4769-983c-36598971f791/Vintage+Yoruba+Royal.jpg African Fashion Babbar Riga robes and a beaded royal crown worn by Oba Ladapo Ademola II, the Alake of Egbaland, in Abeokuta, Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d2b0edd5-e150-472a-9964-2f5a17faaf73/Natives+Uganda+c1906.jpg African Fashion Two men from Uganda wearing traditional bark cloth (stoffa di corteccia) clothing.  https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770907331635-C5G0J1FRJFO2Q87BLZLZ/Seydou%25252BKeita.jpg African Fashion Two women wearing traditional African Surinamese Koto dresses photographed by Malick Sidibe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0248b70d-a5f9-4b09-9c49-3a377bb5dead/5316125322_395d0006bb_c.jpg African Fashion Traditional Mandingo (Mandinka) initiation attire, featuring handwoven country cloth wraps and geometric embroidered bodices, worn by young women in Sierra Leone around 1910. Photograph retrieved from Keir Dellar via Flickr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60d17093-5928-4847-a43d-b563ec8c95b2/Traditional+Somali+nomad+wedding+%3C3.jpg African Fashion Traditional Somali attire featuring handwoven Guntiino wraps and a silver dowry necklace (Muze). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770906486227-CC73J91BJ8DCN6FVJMWE/tutsi%2Broyalty.jpg African Fashion Queen Dowager Rosalie Gicanda of Rwanda wearing traditional royal attire. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/26c0b0f0-d7e5-41e2-a4c8-0e22b7c503bb/Woman+wearing+a+President+Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny+print+dress%2C+1965.jpg African Fashion A woman wearing a President Houphouët-Boigny print dress, 1965. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773630233087-54XW6DEPU5WBIYT1KDBJ/Madam%2BEsther%2BSuwaola%252C%2B1960%252C%2BAkure%252C%2BNigeria_.jpg African Fashion Madam Esther Suwaola wearing Aso-Oke fabric and a Gele headtie, 1960. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c6fcd668-721b-43e0-91c8-75c24270bc85/Dinah+Osei+and+friend%2C+1960s%2C+Kumasi%2C+Ghana_.jpg African Fashion Dinah Osei and friend wearing a "wrapper" (iro), Ghana 1960s . https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7ed55dac-11ad-4b6b-91b7-43008e00a434/STREETS+READY+%23propaganda.jpg African Fashion Malian woman wearing a golden boubou and headwrap. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/994599bc-7389-4c47-b825-e00a65e6bc5d/Susu+girls+of+French+Guinea%2C+West+Africa+%281950s%3F%29.jpg African Fashion Susu girls of French Guinea wearing handwovn textiles and fabrics, circa. 1950s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f488f86-ea85-4bb6-a8b2-e5190d96ff24/Mr+Michael+Kweku+Abrokwah%2C+1988%2C+Ghana_.jpg African Fashion Mr. Michael Kweku Abrokwah wearing kente cloth in 1988, Ghana. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773632945254-2ZQ79CSQ28COWPMFW4ZW/Archive%2BAfrique.jpg African Fashion A Senegalese woman wearing a grand boubou and four children. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b898a7cf-4f62-44d4-910c-376bfb090aa1/%F0%9F%87%AC%F0%9F%87%AD%3E%3E.jpg African Fashion Nana Amonu X and two members of his court wearing kente cloth, 1977. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773633923773-8RIE37MSC6MIR059OW9L/ba71934ded0c61ea5a2e4791d467849f.jpg African Fashion Swahili people from Zanzibar wearing kangas and kofias. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7ba7a69a-46db-456f-b710-51d9cad40624/senegal+%F0%9F%87%B8%F0%9F%87%B3+1961+harrison+forman.jpg African Fashion Senegalese woman wearing a boubou and headwrap, photographed by Harrison Forman, 1961. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a6bd667-261c-43bf-91d2-fdbcd2f60773/Ladies+wearing+Oleku+in+the+reigning+fabric+of+the+day_.jpg African Fashion Three Nigerian women wearing an oleku, circa 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/133cbae2-680f-4e83-885e-dfac67162f8a/Alice+Beckley+and+a+friend+at+a+family+wedding%2C+1980s%2C+Nigeria_.jpg African Fashion Alice Beckley and a friend at a family wedding wearing a iro and buba, 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/91ae261f-34f1-45c0-987e-31f47b98a4c5/+-16.jpg African Fashion Nigerian woman wearing an iro and boba. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773668252591-B437H8N8T5J8NCUWH17O/Picture%2Bof%2Ba%2Bcouple%2Btaken%2Bat%2BParamount%2BPhotography%2Bstudios%252C%2BLagos%2Bin%2Bthe%2B1970s_.png African Fashion Nigerian couple wearing an Agbada and a lace dress, photographed by Paramount Photography Studios circa 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b84658c-069a-4fd9-971a-0da51db7d042/+-19.jpg African Fashion Two Fante women wearing a Tekua, photographed by Roy Sieber in 1964. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d487486-a9e4-4dba-a6cf-2ceac50efba0/Ivory+Coast%2C+Akan+Cheifs.jpg African Fashion Akan chiefs from Côte d'Ivoire wearing kente cloths. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9617fdb-9829-4269-a2e1-a4d0dc190fe1/Vintage+Yoruba+Women.jpeg African Fashion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5034a4f-e9bf-4583-9196-048cf80a86ba/+-2.jpg African Fashion Liberian gown seen in Ebony Magazine, Africa Issue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d8aea464-b987-4be0-b11c-c10cafba2a68/Batik+and+hand+painted+silk+caftan_.jpg African Fashion Batik and hand painted silk caftan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dfb7d364-3f9f-4ee2-a3d3-bde88d845996/+-5.jpg African Fashion Two Zanzibar women draped in kangas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770908068070-U5I991AAAV29TR6QQ28G/Photographer%2BAlphonse%2BJames%252C%2BGuinea%2BConakry%252C%2Bcirca%2B1910_.jpg African Fashion Traditional robes and a matching Hula cap worn by a Sousou (Soussou) couple in Conakry, Guinea. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9e7848c-1156-4cb3-bab5-06e9e012e9ea/Kofi+Owusu%2C+1970+or+1971%2C+Accra%2C+Ghana_.jpg African Fashion Kofi Owusu wearing a tradiitional dashiki, 1970. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-language daily 0.75 2026-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80c48a06-83cc-48a7-8850-4efddcfc0177/mende+nsibidi+shumon.jpg African Language Nsibidi (Nigeria, Cameroon) Ancient writing system used for Efik, Igbo and Ibibio people. They are classified as pictograms, used mainly for wall designs, swords, and tattoos. Chart from Omniglot.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/74bd8e5f-06d1-48cc-8498-2ddf2efb25ea/Adinkra_Alphabet.png African Language Adinkra Alphabet (Ghana, Ivory Coast) - consists of a simplified version of the Adinkra Symbols (created byNana Kwadwo Agyemang Adinkra, the King Gyaman people in the Ashanti region of Ghana from 1810 to 1820.), and used for Dagbani, Ewe and Ga. It was developed by Charles M. Korankye in 2015. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c62087ac-62bb-4886-a92e-0c5c4bc7bdfa/url.png African Language isibheqe sohlamvu (Southern Africa) - created in the 2010s, used for Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho, Tswana. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9a534a9d-463c-43db-bec0-5e4ea803c189/1000013125.gif African Language Garay (Senegal, Guinea) - used mainly for the Wolof language, developed by Assane Faye in 1961. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/abdd257b-7f54-43ec-8422-87f0e6144800/1000013130.gif African Language Nwagụ Aneke - developed by Nwagu Aneke for the Umuleri dialect of Igbo in the late 1950s. From Omniglot.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/683e1c0b-8017-4365-b73f-d888f5d4591c/1000013135.jpg African Language Tifinagh Writing system used for Berber languages (Tamazight, Tamashek, etc.) of the Maghreb, Sahara, and Sahel regions. Photograph shows the Tifinagh alphabet on a wall in Chefchaouen, Morocco. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/03426742-4d3f-47a6-86f6-e5d520287bbf/hausa_aj.gif African Language Ajamiyya / Adjami (Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Mauritania) Used to write Wolof, Swahili, Songhai, Puular, Hausa, and Mandinka. Chart from Omniglot.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ad61adfc-aa00-4278-807e-5c6c69fd03de/kikakui.gif African Language Mende Kikakui (Sierra Leone) - used for the Mende language, developed in 1971. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9085a94f-6c3a-4d00-bc37-e26e835e214f/1000013126.jpg African Language Tafi (Nigeria) - used for Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, developed in the 1970s. Chart from tafiwriting.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/53686493-4497-4a51-b914-d1f9df1dd0ad/1000013124.jpg African Language Osmanya / Far Soomaali (Somalia) - used to transcribe the Somali language. Developed by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, used between the 20s and 70s of the 20th century, not used as much in current days. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ae367c4-7ae6-41be-bc81-6374ebad4e83/1000013131.jpg African Language Bamum / Bamoun Writude (Cameroon) - developed by King Njoya in the Kingdom of Bamum around 1895. The picture shows Nji Oumarou Nchare teaching the Bamum script. Foumban, Cameroon. Photograph by Konrad Tuchdcherer, 2005. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d575cf5-cb90-4916-8e03-ab273d30984d/1000013136.png African Language Bété (Ivory Coast) - used for the Bété language, and developed by Frédéric Bruly Bouabré (shown in picture) in the 1950s. Photograph by Andé Magnin (1996). https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/men-and-women-composers daily 0.75 2025-09-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2307447f-0934-47f4-b915-2e0576d7bfe0/Price-early.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d62d9d1-86db-43d9-be92-6e5e3dfb39d6/rawImage.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/nilotic-people daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1752074672629-078ZRB861RO9FM6PI491/Datoga%2Bwarrior.jpg Nilotic People Datoga Warrior https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/28814c60-3e06-4eea-8292-05678abcbe4f/+-17.jpg Nilotic People Man from the Dinka ethnic group of South Sudan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9dbb857f-bedc-4975-8695-737ac4eca3fe/IMG_3599.JPG Nilotic People People of the Shilluk (Chollo), Sudan, Africa, 1936 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a4f0d27-23db-418d-96ee-330a331a5ae9/IMG_3594.JPG Nilotic People Nuer Woman Carrying Water https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1516230a-bdc6-4db4-a27d-40990cb406d8/069.jpg Nilotic People 2 School Girls https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16ccb502-9a3b-4829-8f65-d0c482dd22b4/1000013730.jpg Nilotic People Dinka people. Swedish Rhodesia-Congo Expedition (1911–1912). Museum of World Culture, via Wikicommons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7639835-8ba3-4e4a-993e-ebe476527d99/1000013731.jpg Nilotic People Dinka Women in Beaded Bodices, 1975, by Carol Beckwith and Angela Fisher. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d675c1b-f7dc-4a2b-baba-1a01f55d2877/1000013735.jpg Nilotic People Shilluk women, 1920. Photograph by Hugo Adolf Bernatzik. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9715d48-889c-4ddd-b176-31ea46d665a7/1000013733.jpg Nilotic People Shilluk warriors, 1925. Photograph by Hugo Bernatzik. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9ac0ba5-30e9-4436-8afd-594d92faee3f/1000013740.jpg Nilotic People "The legendary Hippo Man", Mayinda Orawo, an elder of the Luo people, Western Kenya 1973. Photo: David Fanshawe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e5ab5703-feb4-4abf-8c06-5b12b06c612e/1000013742.jpg Nilotic People Maasai / Masai people in the Ngorongoro area of Tanzania, 2011, David Berkowitz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0e5d955-94f3-429c-9d18-464f81ab7a26/1000013734.jpg Nilotic People Nuer people, 1956. Source unknown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d14cae0-c8df-435b-9087-60c115207020/1000013757.jpg Nilotic People Shilluķ men with traditional tribal marks. Picture from 101 Last Tribes (2019). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d5bf15e-a763-427b-aafc-1829256846f2/1000013755.jpg Nilotic People Shilluķ men with traditional tribal marks. Picture from 101 Last Tribes (2019). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d571024-a98d-448e-8cf5-c372b9660671/1000013753.jpg Nilotic People Nuer girls dancing. South Sudan, 1930. Photograph by Walter Mittelholzer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d6f4361-b8eb-4c91-b5ce-3786c47c8947/1000013759.jpg Nilotic People Shilluk warriors resting. Illustration for Der Dunkle Erdteil, Africa, Landschaft / Volksleben by Hugo Adolf Bernatzik (Atlantis-Verlag, Berlin, 1930). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0352fc7e-b614-4371-8dc2-a74a6b5a123a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Pokot_meisjes_dansen_tijdens_de_feestelijkheden_ter_gelegenheid_van_tien_jaar_onafhankelijkheid_van_Kenya_TMnr_20038879.jpg Nilotic People TROPEN MUSEUM COLLECTION: Pokot girls dancing during the festivities to mark ten years of Kenya's independence https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3453ab96-6b40-4317-b696-9302cce7dff7/13e0361f31fd17640d92c352a81e0a64.jpg Nilotic People Pokot girl. South of Maralal, Kenya ©Guido Aldi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f128109b-1bdb-41f6-a29f-b3dccc3e0f41/60107332d22e8e3561b6121f0d6084dd.jpg Nilotic People Pokot man. Kenya ©Rita Willaert https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c84b9afc-e1e1-4e66-b949-ef54844bf1ac/f84551ccf95a7ca39dcb286fb7bc88f0.jpg Nilotic People Pokot man. Kenya ©Rita Willaert https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f309f818-edec-4808-811a-62ce70b9a712/Pokot_Woman.jpg Nilotic People Pokot Woman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/145bdc8a-4fb1-416f-9ba7-4fe7500d6b0c/Pokot-leather-sheath-knife.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/31cc3e22-6d9e-452b-a1a2-e57f118cd30e/pokot_13.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6a1babbe-1b27-4748-ba4c-fdf1d7087f84/Four+Masai+warriors+in+full+war+dress%2C+Kenya+1890+-+1923.jpg Nilotic People Four Masai warriors in full war dress, Kenya 1890 - 1923 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/54050731-081e-4538-9cd2-2c09e12771b4/038.jpg Nilotic People Nuer Woman- 1958 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3c39389a-199b-40a7-a927-005c1ac689fb/Africa+%7C+Nuer+woman+photographed+in+Ethiopia+on+the+border+with+Gambela%2C+Sudan+%7C+%C2%A9+Roland+Vriesema.jpg Nilotic People Nuer woman with traditional tribal marks. Photograph by Ronald Vriesema. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8573de49-1f2c-48b7-9a78-d275d9281cf0/1000013738.jpg Nilotic People Portrait of a Shilluk youth with elaborate coiffure and ornaments, probably photographed during the Seligman's enquiries at Kodok in late 1909. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da64d647-7eb1-4ffd-ad26-53a641a94095/1000013736.jpg Nilotic People https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d93e240e-fd85-4a0d-8a63-3a7d029b3d88/1000013732.png Nilotic People Nuer People, 1906. From National Geographic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/41f5c8d2-a233-4a20-aa02-f04e2ed95330/1000013737.jpg Nilotic People Shilluk warrior carrying a club. Sudan, 1930. Photograph by Hugo Adolf Bernatzik. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bcbcfc08-e487-45f0-9711-45e5d99888af/1000013739.jpg Nilotic People Luo Chief Ondun' (Probably Chief Ondu of Kisumu/Kajulu), 1902. Photograph by Charles W. Hobley, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65ab6649-b6f6-427a-b056-9bd059c32097/1000013741.jpg Nilotic People Three girls from the Alur tribe, 1923. Source unknown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/21446551-51e7-43d0-ab5e-7f3c4bbb7d0f/1000013743.jpg Nilotic People Group of Pokot women - Chemeril Dam, Kenya (Aug. 9, 2006). Photograph by Roger S. Duncan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/476c00df-7b0e-42bd-9a24-c418eed326cd/1000013752.jpg Nilotic People Nuer man and his oxen, 1936. Photograph by Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/764c6157-2e91-4881-a78a-49fc3d62294e/1000013761.jpg Nilotic People Shilluk man with traditional tribal marks. Picture from 101 Last Tribes (2019). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7bf9e90f-1b5a-430f-89bb-5d90b985fd0d/600px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Pokot_vrouwen_dansen_tijdens_de_feestelijkheden_ter_gelegenheid_van_tien_jaar_onafhankelijkheid_van_Kenya_TMnr_20038876.jpg Nilotic People TROPEN MUSEUM: COLLECTION Pokot women dancing during the festivities to mark ten years of Kenya's independence https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7e2595f-71eb-4540-9021-219aaebe854a/600px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Pokot_vrouwen_en_mannen_dansen_tijdens_de_feestelijkheden_ter_gelegenheid_van_tien_jaar_onafhankelijkheid_van_Kenya_TMnr_20038875.jpg Nilotic People TROPEN MUSEUM COLLECTION: Pokot women and men dance during the festivities to mark ten years of Kenya's independence https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db9bf641-7b0d-4007-a97d-daca54c040b3/471baecbe75277af1788c02a4713fa35.jpg Nilotic People Pokot village and the Pokot people Photo by Rita Willaert on flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bb23cbbe-c678-4e56-ba5b-eb1fa1bd880f/14603de8efcda698c346c42e0aa09dae.jpg Nilotic People Pokot-Kenya: This fiercely beautiful young woman is wearing a necklace made from the stem of an asparagus tree. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d2a0c82-262f-431b-af10-d310713eabd6/US_Navy_060815-N-0411D-045_A_Pokot_girl_poses_for_a_photograph_during_the_Veterinary_Civil_Assistance_Project_%28VETCAP%29_operated_by_U.S.%2C_Kenyan%2C_Tanzanian_and_Ugandan_veterinarians_and_doctors.jpg Nilotic People A Pokot girl poses for a photograph during the Veterinary Civil Assistance Project (VETCAP) operated by U.S., Kenyan, Tanzanian and Ugandan veterinarians and doctors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdecf090-5383-419e-95ea-3fd237d6be73/608px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Pokot_vrouwen_en_mannen_tijdens_de_feestelijkheden_ter_gelegenheid_van_tien_jaar_onafhankelijkheid_van_Kenya_TMnr_20014290+%281%29.jpg Nilotic People TROPEN MUSEUM COLLECTION: Pokot women and men during the festivities to mark ten years of Kenya's independence https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9323d944-dce8-4fe4-bb93-72bd0d2c701b/meeting-with-Pokot-traditional-costumed-woman.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc3c9b15-3a40-4a69-a78e-b36d74f885cc/pokot_12.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a4e5f0dc-caf7-4c0a-b71d-727f75a23f67/1000013744.webp Nilotic People Karamojong youth /Photo credit: Kidepo Valley National Park. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9d27482-4f71-465e-a8d1-cd71fb71a2a5/1f9587d3e5aeae2d4f2d6b489b5604c6.jpg Nilotic People Adult Passing of Age Ceremony in Northern Pot Kenya https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cee7aa69-df65-4122-bd92-b6de6ca9e806/c841d18ce0c7b63d3973a914be2b9863.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/de29ae52-494f-4561-a2cf-002698bda32e/meeting-with-Pokot-traditional-costumed-woman-during-trip-to-Kenya.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a1aa462c-f0a9-42f2-a0a2-00c134d9da49/visit-Pokot-community-during-trip-to-Kenya.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6ccc51c-ddb4-4c9d-87c4-f898534643a6/pokot_11.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/938c30d4-ecbc-45ca-b024-c4e3da8f3a83/pokot_05.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68d65784-7d06-4f6e-88cb-8a0300cc892a/06_pokot.jpg Nilotic People Pokot© Roberts Safaris https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f857f09-0b02-4a70-a771-3cc485a86565/pokot_10.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cae1a08f-624a-4719-af13-f7c730bc49b3/pokot_old_03.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7ac31f20-14c7-4c63-94dd-d968985d7deb/03_pokot.jpg Nilotic People Pokot© Roberts Safaris https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec533141-80a6-451e-aeda-e14b45176e42/pokot_09.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/509b91cb-c860-4a74-b8aa-0225e4f76180/pokot_old_02.jpg Nilotic People Pokot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b0a05af-6a87-4ebe-ba0e-da75dbd780ca/07_pokot.jpg Nilotic People Pokot© Roberts Safaris https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea765165-37cd-473f-8106-2e5a256ec61d/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+22.55.34.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-britain daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9ff33fe3-52f3-4045-95aa-ff63dee41bf2/Screenshot+2026-03-30+at+7.29.46%E2%80%AFPM.png Black Britain Photograph of Evelyn Dove. Sourced from The Stephen Bourne Collection, Mary Evans Picture Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c699cca-7996-4804-a967-bfa6c7a6cb92/Screenshot+2026-03-30+at+7.46.25%E2%80%AFPM.png Black Britain https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ccec96bc-148f-46d7-8f88-8106f3c61de2/sara_forbes_bonetta_15_september_1862.jpg.webp Black Britain Photograph of Sarah Forbes Bonetta, September 1862. Source: Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775046299598-CPMVQ64E6RBZYIBUGQU8/blacks6.jpg Black Britain Mark Francis Willoughby, photographed by Armstead and Maltby of Upper Street, Islington. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/93ec7b19-73b6-4bcf-a010-8d2649332adf/c1521a9ea23dce45853a6f4aa9c57b34.jpg Black Britain Chris Steele-Perkins: Brixton 1973-1975. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/090e0d88-a317-43e1-a3ea-90330338817e/ee53c0b3545ecee736b1cb717e5aeb6d.jpg Black Britain Jamaican poet Michael Smith, West London, 1982 © Adrian Boot. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4fc0fc50-31a8-42bc-9b2e-537333000a9a/3429f6b79ebf2913837aa5057cc1e2f3.jpg Black Britain A young Black mother holds a child at her hip while others gather close beside a shop window. Photographed by Charlie Phillips, Notting Hill, London, England, circa 1960s–1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36c2df40-730b-42f0-b955-2e5613e424ed/the-1906-group-300x199-1.jpg.webp Black Britain The 1906 group, Drysdale (third from right), Jackson (third from left), Bryan seated left, Nation standing right. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d16e01b3-4d1a-4fa8-8ca0-918770f86ab4/Screenshot+2026-03-30+at+7.20.44%E2%80%AFPM.png Black Britain Photograph of the Southern Syncopated Orchestra at a London venue around 1920. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af52c1c7-80e2-46fb-a83c-486c1e5f01c3/Screenshot+2026-03-30+at+7.30.53%E2%80%AFPM.png Black Britain Portrait of Evelyn Dove, 1935, by Carl Van Vechten. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1acdc7ac-d562-4c28-8d01-82ed6936c79f/Screenshot+2026-03-30+at+8.01.24%E2%80%AFPM.png Black Britain Unidentified baby, photographed by E. Denney and Co of Exeter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1775046338549-O3OR2LOL63OLY5JEGWW5/blacks17.jpg Black Britain Unidentified sitter, photographed by Charles Hall of Leeds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56af9a88-95f5-4322-8de3-96fed9cc87e7/954d13a7ff2f12bb57042118460de4c9.jpg Black Britain A group of Black teenagers in mid-laughter, Notting Hill, London, England, circa late 1960s–1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfdb3850-36ed-49e9-9f6f-f2aba3383364/426fa04db3f7ff7c650e51f0ac6f315b.jpg Black Britain Notting Hill Carnival, 1978. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/14482027-de4f-473b-a0cf-309b24eec0be/16cd6601a8b816fe2e7c2e7fea9e25b5.jpg Black Britain The Sound system/ reggae scene in London, circa 1970s–1980s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4035a56e-3e01-421e-8001-e37072cb23d0/e1fef1c6b1a9f22d50f4c4d22532de8c.jpg Black Britain A Black family occupies the steps of a row house. Photographer unknown, West London, England, circa 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/44ef64ae-5cb3-4ef9-bb9e-d9e7f0ffb6ab/carlton-bryan-pulling-a-face-1906-300x232-1.jpg.webp Black Britain Carlton Bryan ‘pulling a face’, two images from 1906. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b474d44e-056b-4cc6-a0a2-49f8a7df0e44/16-34.jpg Black Britain Full-length portrait of a Black boy wearing a top hat and holding an umbrella, posed before a painted landscape backdrop.
Photographed by Medrington, Liverpool, England (Bold Street)
, circa 1870s–1880s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ae5ebd3-e8f4-4b01-a169-cd8ebbda417f/Screenshot+2026-03-30+at+7.40.52%E2%80%AFPM.png Black Britain Underside of overturned car with two men walking past from the series Handsworth Riots, photograph by Pogus Caesar, 1985, England. Museum no. E.1200-2012. © Pogus Caesar/ Victoria and Albert Museum, London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/04f7e6d8-b655-4ccb-9c47-fa4dba3271ca/James_Pinson_Labulo_Davies_and_Sara_Forbes_Bonetta.jpg Black Britain A portrait of James Pinson Labulo Davies and Sarah Forbes Bonetta, photographed in London in 1862 by Camille Silvy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bb6ff2a6-72c5-4a15-9f31-c08dd3ce77d4/kenlock_E.217-2012_P.jpg Black Britain Untitled, young lady points to 'Keep Britain White' graffiti at the International Personnel training centre in Balham, photograph by Neil Kenlock, 1974, England. Museum no. E.217-2012. © Neil Kenlock/ Victoria and Albert Museum, London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1d3ec5a7-57f9-4175-99d0-52864025958a/limbo-dancers-at-first-carnival-st-pancras1.jpg Black Britain Limbo dancers at the very first indoor Caribbean Carnival in 1959. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db033acb-d351-49ba-8201-e908e6db36cb/windrushfaces1.jpg Black Britain A group of Caribbean immigrants arriving in Britain post-World War II. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9da4e0eb-f2d3-4466-85f7-142caacc120e/e461ddec0d28802f4b31b894a2ccb8ae465d3bd31.jpg Black Britain Brixton in the 1950s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea1643bc-0150-4e49-981f-3e8eab4a7441/4-63.jpg Black Britain Formal head-and-shoulders portrait of a young Black man in a suit and bow tie, composed with direct gaze.
 Photographed by Marion & Co.
, Cambridge, England
, circa 1890s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/571a5b38-5645-483b-9563-a7ab46c5c54f/19-26.jpg Black Britain Three-quarter portrait of a young Black man in formal attire, turned slightly in profile. Photographed by J. Laing
, Shrewsbury, England
, circa 1880s–1890s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/64c93ef7-e0b3-4192-ae9a-4ae36c65b1d9/14-35.jpg Black Britain Seated portrait of a young Black boy holding a cane beside a small table, composed in a restrained studio interior.
Photographed by S. Braithwaite, Whitby, England
, circa 1870s–1880s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94df139e-1cb7-42af-8c7f-3e61004d61a3/Screenshot+2026-03-30+at+7.41.22%E2%80%AFPM.png Black Britain Cynthia M Prescod at Home in Primrose Hill, London, photograph by Normski, 1986, England. Museum no. E.108-2012. © Normski/ Victoria and Albert Museum, London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f6ef5a2d-0273-4eec-8dc8-752d7f6ff3eb/Dennis+Morris.jpg Black Britain George Jackson is dead, Grosvenor Square from the series Growing Up Black, photograph by Dennis Morris, 1971, England. Museum no. E.1487-2010. © Dennis Morris/ Victoria and Albert Museum, London https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/609891a4-dd89-4ace-bde7-af2e6b1b24b8/charlie_e.263-2011_P.jpg Black Britain Vin in Chair, photograph by Charlie Phillips, 2002, England. Museum no. E.263-2011. © Charlie Phillips/ Victoria and Albert Museum, London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fa4ef2a-b027-4806-8f45-3947f800f093/5-61.jpg Black Britain Portrait of a Black man holding a top hat and gloves, posed with a walking stick, conveying middle-class respectability.
Photographed by Emberton & Sons
Location: London and Surrey, England
, circa 1890s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/98dd5166-1cf4-4101-a939-3ee8d7548843/31-7.jpg Black Britain Studio portrait of a Black woman in a fitted dress, posed beside an upholstered chair.
Photographed by Medrington
, Liverpool, England
, circa 1880s–1890s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97fb6a80-c410-492c-b1b1-5b595d9630e5/12-42.jpg Black Britain Oval vignette portrait of a young woman wearing a high-collared dress with floral adornment.
 Photographed by Charles, Aston New Town, Birmingham, England
, circa 1880s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3cde74ab-9960-4afe-8ceb-122f2d019405/colin_2013GT1714.jpg Black Britain Untitled from the series The Black House, photograph by Colin Jones, 1973 – 6, England. Museum no. E.300-2013. © Colin Jones/ Autograph ABP/ Victoria and Albert Museum, London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c9914da-9af2-454c-8431-7d1732f5722c/5c8b609d7e72d4d7f89708a1ad0361d7.jpg Black Britain Two young Black men stand beside a stack of large speakers on a residential street, Notting Hill, London, England, circa 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/096d515a-e108-4fa3-9cc3-a49e47330fe5/6044bc711b4da71b5afc016cbc7278f0.jpg Black Britain Notting Hill Carnival: The Early Years: Revellers make their way down the carnival route. Photographed by Richard Braine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0002ae2d-7f6b-406b-9daf-6ac1804b73a7/2851bb37852c8286ff6453b582aa6ede.jpg Black Britain Young Black women along a crowded street, their posture attentive, West London, England (Portobello / Ladbroke Grove area), circa 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4baefcda-7508-4822-b2ed-1a82d942243d/21-21.jpg Black Britain Profile portrait of a Black man with beard, presented in an oval vignette against a plain ground. 
Photographer: unknown
, United Kingdom
, circa 1860s–1870s. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/adverts daily 0.75 2026-01-25 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/956785761014 daily 0.75 2026-03-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87a3b07e-eb04-43ef-ac38-4b519de8b138/1000013170.jpg Black Scholars Toni Morrison https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5c8f124-c309-44d0-bbbf-5c216d896f98/1000013184.jpg Black Scholars James Baldwin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e8f492f0-c8c9-419d-98fe-fee5977ed5eb/1000013195.jpg Black Scholars Toni Cade Bambara https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c99c72d6-e82c-4388-bcc4-7dd2d82f1477/1000013205.jpg Black Scholars Walter Rodney https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8237bbfd-3697-445f-836c-76b50b8d46ef/1000013658.webp Black Scholars Fred Moten https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/74581efd-ca2c-4fd6-99aa-96a4a16be391/1000013664.jpg Black Scholars Jayna Brown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5070fdb4-a4e7-4937-adec-a48ae574b533/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+20.47.56.png Black Scholars https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/efd5e361-0c62-4ec5-8c1c-56d41d344267/1000013160.jpg Black Scholars Stuart Hall https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cddac816-7254-4fbb-b015-09e275db1ec3/U7LPS6-0.362596001602971652TheTroublewithNigeriabyChinuaAchebe%28z-lib.org%29.jpg Black Scholars Chinua Achebe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e0e0f7c8-c0b6-414a-9d4d-cfbb31537286/1000013172.jpg Black Scholars Saidiya Hartman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/141afbb6-5df9-4413-8ccc-f316d2c374a0/1000013186.jpg Black Scholars bell hooks https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f4021b2-a6d3-46db-9c55-10b9c8a3f548/1000013196.jpg Black Scholars Aimé Césaire https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/67f30dc3-f190-41b2-b528-03590011f0a1/1000013207.jpg Black Scholars Édouard Glissant https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/55724a98-af05-45b2-878b-62f10a8f76fe/1000013659.jpg Black Scholars Christina Sharpe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f1442fa-9477-4eb8-8d1c-805eee35871f/1000013667.jpg Black Scholars Ruha Benjamin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c1e505c-d89a-441a-9b2a-a2806863f382/Screenshot+2026-01-20+at+20.48.08.png Black Scholars https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1363ec56-e4af-4a8a-b8ff-76daab1b9421/1000013161.jpg Black Scholars Heidi Safia Mirza https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c23398f-718e-4f67-a40b-584850ce5407/images-11.jpeg Black Scholars P. Williams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06bad380-e69c-472f-884e-1f13e0d6b63c/1000013173.jpg Black Scholars W. E. B. Du Bois https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/544f939c-46ad-427f-a437-1beed0f9cde6/1000013187.jpg Black Scholars Audre Lorde https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/316824d0-384c-4cd9-9508-54da36d86181/1000013197.jpg Black Scholars Françoise Vergès https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/081c9da1-b512-4e13-bec0-b2876f586776/1000013209.jpg Black Scholars Kamau Brathwaite https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff2759ea-c9bf-499f-9a5a-da25153cdd64/1000013660.jpg Black Scholars Kevin Quashie https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a55d7a72-ca94-4a00-a450-af4c480045d8/1000013668.jpg Black Scholars Abdul Alkalimat https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0c8c7989-ee95-4bce-b11b-f247d8dc0a60/1000013162.jpg Black Scholars Hakim Adi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/574208e2-c637-4949-bbbd-0faff84c760e/historical+personalites+and+issues+pdf.jpg Black Scholars Phillip True, Jr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2b8c2f85-ec40-4955-915b-11d0707fdb1e/1000013174.jpg Black Scholars Zora Neale Hurston https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bccc90f6-1ec8-4da2-ad91-d9c57667a432/1000013188.jpg Black Scholars Robin D. G. Kelley https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f6a5861-8211-4934-a8c1-ea8678c2c999/1000013198.jpg Black Scholars Frantz Fanon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/72db0ea6-5ab9-47a2-8853-107803e63f97/1000013656.jpg Black Scholars Kwame Ture & Charles V. Hamilton https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34a5052e-d2f1-4b90-9d35-d0cdc5d527b3/1000013662.jpg Black Scholars Kristen Lillvis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c611b811-e201-4a26-80a9-535897f47ed0/1000013671.jpg Black Scholars David Olusoga https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d8a2ae49-a05d-44e6-9c3f-106594ae36b2/1000013164.jpg Black Scholars Paul Gilroy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b98f7fe6-20f8-456f-82e0-94358f90a367/breaking-contract.jpg Black Scholars Dennis Mercer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d11c11a-2e46-47eb-90cb-f70e19e20309/1000013177.jpg Black Scholars Carter G. Woodson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c6bc644-1c1f-4d13-beb8-6658ee7f59a1/1000013185.jpg Black Scholars Angela Davis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c0a0b545-9494-43ac-8ed3-25579e1ce2d3/1000013199.jpg Black Scholars Sylvia Wynter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d79f2b1-c6d6-48b8-80f4-af0b8922d8bf/1000013657.jpg Black Scholars Tiffany Lethabo King https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f9b0a9f-4f4c-490a-bc73-c32a2b2426a1/1000013669.jpg Black Scholars Basil Davidson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/536d6fdb-6494-414e-8359-d3152bd13359/1000013681.jpg Black Scholars Cheryl Higashida https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e68656c4-aa94-4e64-8a0d-0a59b00b9c41/1000013163.jpg Black Scholars Claudia Jones https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62db6a7b-0196-48a9-8954-81187e1ef698/1000019581.jpg Black Scholars Elaine Brown https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-american-history-books daily 0.75 2026-03-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b507c9dc-5286-4f29-b0e0-c3b2ca0d87e2/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+4.51.03+PM.png African American History - BOOKS Free At Last: A History of the Civil Rights Movement and those who died in the Struggle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b086ab9-17c1-465c-857e-10a7869799e1/1000019586.jpg African American History - BOOKS Right to Ride by Blair L. M. Kelley https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/99d3dce0-80ee-4eb0-9c9c-6ad30158208c/1000014232.jpg African American History - BOOKS African American Food History https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/25df1853-c937-49fc-9115-f15a0680c3e5/blackreconstruction.jpg African American History - BOOKS Black Reconstruction by W. E. B. DuBois https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/006c650c-613e-4f37-b1e6-6a1b336420cf/1000019574.jpg African American History - BOOKS Emancipation Betrayed by Paul Ortiz https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d46110c4-851a-43ed-8401-2444e355fbf2/1000019588.jpg African American History - BOOKS Between Washington and DuBois by Reginald K. Ellis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/08f4c67c-f223-44ac-948d-4274c9166e28/1000018914.jpg African American History - BOOKS Africanisms in American Culture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d0930184-7693-490d-a2b6-cad2a91ef407/1000019578.jpg African American History - BOOKS The Power of Black Music by Samuel A. Floyd Jr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9219cb4-e200-4e62-a43b-c342c0dea9ca/1000019591.jpg African American History - BOOKS Medical Apartheid by Harriet A. Washington https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/57aae83b-1d08-47e6-824a-bc1a6904a459/1000019568.jpg African American History - BOOKS The Sounds of Slavery by Shane White and Graham White https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7aa31512-3e94-4a8b-86b0-823b767e75c2/1000019594.jpg African American History - BOOKS An African American and Latinx History of the United States https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2ba5561-36cb-4d45-93e3-e13804d6a1a9/1000019597.jpg African American History - BOOKS An American Health Dilemma https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ad13be2c-3807-4825-91c3-d6a3d1afe39c/1000019572.jpg African American History - BOOKS Before the Mayflower: a History of Black America by Lerone Bennett, Jr. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/buffalo-soldiers daily 0.75 2025-07-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f73ab13-7f96-487a-8aa2-59d1beafc81f/Recruits-_Camp_Sherman-_Ohio-_-_NARA_-_533612.jpg Buffalo Soldiers Brand new African-American recruits stand at attention with their drill instructor at Camp Sherman, Ohio. National Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c497ed0b-a88b-4343-988c-72eecc82a719/a150504965668ccdf5b7b345ccddbd2b.jpg Buffalo Soldiers 25th Infantry Regiment, 1890: Photo Courtesy Library of Congress Via New Orleans Historical.org https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/24a82f9f-3036-49ba-b54a-08c3a501c918/e74fde7678da6aa66b02390322b90072.jpg Buffalo Soldiers Buffalo Soldier, 25th Infantry, Fort Custer, Montana. ~ Source: Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/2010645137/. ~ Creator: O. S. Goff, photographer. ~ Date: Between 1884 and 1890. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a0ef27d-7f88-43d9-ab4d-86de8dfd224b/service-pnp-ds-05400-05462r.jpg Buffalo Soldiers Troop A, Ninth U.S. Cavalry - famous Indian fighters.Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d7011b6-a3d2-4ef5-a8cd-bb8355343fbf/service-pnp-cph-3g00000-3g06000-3g06100-3g06161r.jpg Buffalo Soldiers Buffalo soldiers of the 25th Infantry, some wearing buffalo robes, Ft. Keogh, Montana. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e241e10-0294-45a8-960a-81ff1a5241bd/Buffalo_Soldier_9th_Cav_Denver.jpg Buffalo Soldiers An Afro-American Corporal, in the 9th Cavalry. Snow covers the ground 1890. Denver Public Library, Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d75696f-dc17-4995-9283-0bba22859fca/Buffalo_soldiers2.jpg Buffalo Soldiers African American "Buffalo Soldier" officers, Company D, 25th U.S. Infantry Regiment, Fort Custer, Montana, ca. 1889 Photo by O.S. Goff, Courtesy UW Special Collections (SOC3034) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f7b38048-45bd-4c44-8eeb-3d37488dfd24/1.jpeg Buffalo Soldiers Portrait of Captain Charles Young, 9th Cavalry, Acting Superintendent of Sequoia National Park, 1903. Courtesy of the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/551094aa-74e5-4546-aee2-8486f9e48bb0/5cd9fa04fb21024ef3340f87bf5bd187.jpg Buffalo Soldiers Company K, 9th Cavalry: Photo Courtesy US Army. Via New Orleans Historical.org https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2404c7dd-2811-4b1a-8863-37538e54328e/service-pnp-ppmsca-11300-11342v.jpg Buffalo Soldiers [Buffalo Soldier, 9th Cavalry, Company D, sharpshooter collar insignia] / Published and Created by C. C. McBride, Crawford, Nebraska between 1880 and 1890 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30a314f9-5130-48f5-ac6b-29e9734b6b86/G0999-1024px.jpg%C2%A71.jpeg Buffalo Soldiers Men from the detachment of the 9th Cavalry’s Troops K and L that left the Presidio for Yosemite on April 20, 1903. Image courtesy Kare Silliman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8b64468-28e3-4cc9-b16f-684e02be9a52/buffalo-soldier-in-buffalo-coat_0.jpg Buffalo Soldiers Soldiers of the 25th Infantry wore buffalo robes to protect themselves from sub-zero temperatures. They were charged with routing out white ranchers illegally selling goods to Native Americans. Credit: 25th Infantry soldier wearing a buffalo robe, photographed by John C. H. Grabill in Sturgis, Dakota Territory, circa 1886 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/west-african-student-union daily 0.75 2025-07-18 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-hairstyles daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06888a3a-0266-4c26-9eb6-bfc3c3bbe69a/1000013411.jpg African Hairstyles Portrait showcasing the "randrana dôdôk" hairstyle, worn amongst Betsimisaraka women from Madagascar. 1890s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d0cdb6f-114a-4a37-81e6-9373447493ee/1000013416.jpg African Hairstyles Kwaluudhi & Ngandjera woman wearing Eembuvi braids. Photo taken by A. Scherz (1940s). Source: Collection Antje Otto https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a72e003-d078-491f-920b-41894908ecc4/1000013419.jpg African Hairstyles A woman of the Budja people in the village of Upoto, in the province of Mongala. Photo by Lang-Chapin, date: 1909-1915]⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6881901-a265-4c17-bde7-21a0888c837c/1000013422.jpg African Hairstyles Elaborate headdress worn by an Igbo woman c. 1900-1910, Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7019a841-7225-4240-a969-acc1862b6992/1000013427.jpg African Hairstyles Mbuti man from Congo Basin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3841411f-38b5-42c3-ad41-e8b294279e17/1000013432.jpg African Hairstyles Aït Abd Allah woman wrapped in her tizakouin. Picture by Jean Besancenot, Morocco (1934 - 1939). From Women of the Anti-Atlas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b74dfac-6972-4f92-a731-641da5bbce23/1000013441.jpg African Hairstyles Kélou Bital Diguel, Chad, 1950s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07b2b800-d444-440e-ae9d-2de646bbc183/IMG_8650.JPG African Hairstyles Vintage Postcard, A Haussa Woman, Southern Nigeria, West Africa, 1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b62fa044-cb2e-4e9e-9d7f-391ec1cb0f8e/IMG_8656.JPG African Hairstyles Femme Sangho (Ubangi) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e9ca2f00-b66e-4743-9054-c204e83638e2/IMG_8659.JPG African Hairstyles Head wife of chief Abiembali: Mayogo Tribe, Ituri District https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e7eb68c-93bc-4f73-bcab-0d35f54a51d5/IMG_8662.JPG African Hairstyles Amasunza man with styled Afro. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d8edf39-0685-4655-bc30-b7afa8c79c28/IMG_8665.JPG African Hairstyles Congo, Traditional Mangbetu Hairstyle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/919c8ea8-c864-4b48-830f-74c0ad634c80/IMG_8669.JPG African Hairstyles Swahili woman. Dar-es-Salaam, Vintage postcard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd2a75ef-9d85-4389-9a3f-a44417f70c97/IMG_8672.JPG African Hairstyles Mauritian Hairstyle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fa11973b-e7b2-4311-adfc-76c666df1380/1000013407.jpg African Hairstyles "Dressing Fanti Lady's hair - Sekondi, Gold Coast, West Africa". circa 1900s. The image is part of the "GHANA, SIERRA LEONE AND THE GOLD COAST RAILWAY" photography album compiled by Harry Adcock. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/830f9342-373b-434c-99c0-ca6570d9c320/african-womens-hairstyles-1.jpg African Hairstyles Fulani (Peul) woman from Fouta Djallon, central Guinea. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09340610-db76-447a-8dfd-160b17974099/african-womens-hairstyles-7.jpg African Hairstyles Married Ova Wambo woman wearing the Omhatela headdress, c.1940. Namibia/Southern Angola. Photo by A. Scherz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f603551-1ba5-404c-8e8c-52baa9f9b9d7/african-womens-hairstyles-10.jpg African Hairstyles Hairstyle in Jimma, Oromiyaa, East Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/19157fe3-50cd-4872-813a-98d5e6daa3dc/african-womens-hairstyles-13.jpg African Hairstyles A woman from Dakar, Senegal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fcdb2cf5-b593-4f6a-b5f6-5f54777df0d0/african-womens-hairstyles-17.jpg African Hairstyles Owambo braid hairstyle, c.1920. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/269d8c4d-6dbc-439b-b066-a561486db4aa/african-womens-hairstyles-22.jpg African Hairstyles Indigenous hairdressing in Cameroon. She is the favorite wife of King Njoya, c.1911-1915. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56636eac-9038-49a9-a32c-1c4335e3f170/an-african-princess.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d293591-4efd-4298-8749-cda6ee1e7d54/doing-hair-african-style.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f115231e-60b9-4f25-a85b-c40979c82a72/look-at-hair-and-her-earring.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50d1dd25-c482-4e94-b5f7-46c47fd9bb1f/IMG_8684.JPG African Hairstyles Ghana Hairstyles, 1881-1895 Source: University of Southern California. Libraries. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ecd6d339-8915-46cc-864b-1c9c245b8532/5-49.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9eae860b-a341-47c8-9c45-3c69446d0f54/9-38.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15217ba3-5d2b-4d87-a72d-0a1322a02b04/1-54.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d0088b9-29d1-4051-8d23-5c08199e0685/IMG_8691.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 14) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7a603c9-a841-422a-8c9a-be73ab3cb5ec/IMG_8695.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 20) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/139c177e-c8ba-44d4-94a9-c5c7968913c4/IMG_8698.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 26) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2346be4c-0e28-4aea-ba3d-59c36c922c30/IMG_8701.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 30) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9eee614d-6edb-4457-b486-41a6155b0e5d/IMG_8704.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 38) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7fff991f-08aa-4f3a-9d5a-291e9361f812/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+19.22.39.png African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/280a399e-4571-48c0-a6e5-e2252cfcc67a/unnamed.jpg African Hairstyles Ancient Luba hairstyle. Circa 1888. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f371ac3d-a02c-439a-9ad4-460be5993f2a/Cultural+Hair.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/099c7cb4-4a72-4f43-bfbb-9f317bb2f4ad/Vintage+Ethiopian+%26+Eritrian+photos.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/55692575-6047-4174-b5bf-84fe1a2b8594/Guinea+Hairstyles.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/de40acdd-b076-4737-9605-8b0e5d67b1e8/African+Knots.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/95c0b540-8f32-4724-82b2-68f2952a2938/Afar+Curls.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0926ee45-4488-48bf-a62a-711abb133a0a/Nigerian+Hair.jpg African Hairstyles This is the kind of hairstyle worn by young Igbo men around what is roughly present-day Anambra and Enugu States. The photo was taken around the 1920s. Young guys grew their hair like this for the same reasons young guys grow their hair today. Colourized by Oziikoro 2025 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e252e39-067e-4541-b0b2-1ec9d5977eb5/Figura+foto+1936-2.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7fcdec0e-2654-4ad0-a123-97d69bc6c465/Tigray%2C+Ethiopia+%281973%29.jpg African Hairstyles Tigray, Ethiopia (1973) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9909b09-a1a0-4b11-847a-c31e5ee73110/African+Culture+Hair.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b8857e4-565f-4150-9c34-ea059b4f48ab/img_2627.jpg.webp African Hairstyles An Omdurman woman with mushat dressing her companion’s hair, (Morhig photography, 1905-1910, personal collection) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b7bb1a05-e12c-49d6-8f80-26c7ff8f2f07/img_1377-1.jpg.webp African Hairstyles A little girl from Omdurman with fine braids framing her face, (Der Dunkle Erdteil, Berlin 1930) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/58f27a5b-80c2-4a05-adac-015a7f43a7c8/photoroom_20211117_150454.png.webp African Hairstyles A young girl with hair braided in the mushat manner (Sisters under the Sun, Marjorie Hall and Bakhita Amin Ismail, 1981) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62c60d23-985f-4c51-8c2f-c61b9f3e0932/img_1379.jpg.webp African Hairstyles A young woman of Omdurman with her elegant mushat. (Der Dunkle Erdteil, Berlin 1930) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0df973ea-c657-444e-982e-a8ed44d0b78b/fullsizerender-6-6.jpg.webp African Hairstyles Hair braiding in Omdurman, (Der Dunkle Erdteil, Berlin 1930) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7dfbc0b-c7ef-4e67-a0a4-08dd9f6d1e8c/Songhai+Clothing.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4af07733-98dc-4ef8-9d98-9cfc0c57133d/img_2705.jpg.webp African Hairstyles A portrait of a Sudanese woman (photographer unknown, 1890-1923, Wikipedia, CC). The young woman’s hair is dressed in the fine mushat plaits or braids interwoven with beads and jewels which for so many generations have embodied northern Sudanese canons of beauty. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/805cc7e3-647a-4175-8168-ed73c4305c63/fullsizerender-6-4.jpg.webp African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/08188df6-496c-4a8b-87a7-4870bfeb98db/fullsizerender-6-5.jpg.webp African Hairstyles Photo, detail of Morhig postcard, personal collection) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/624bf446-7b4d-49c0-83e1-15ec2e5e6585/photoroom_20211120_183052.jpg.webp African Hairstyles A colonial era Sudanese dancer performing the ancient stomach dance (personal collection), her long braids swaying gracefully to the floor https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6064b2f0-b758-40c2-8f4b-57a3ed1eb984/Geographical+Map+Of+Sudan.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76f80a53-ae98-4252-991b-18628d4654bc/3102683295_317bd8348d_c.jpg African Hairstyles Kau and the people of the Nuba mountains - Sudan. Nuba is a collective term used here for the peoples who inhabit the Nuba Mountains, in Kordofan province, Sudan, Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5593084c-1c09-4ec2-abfb-7af3bf2bd8db/img_2719.jpg.webp African Hairstyles From a collection of portraits by Sudanese photographer, Amin Rashid taken during Sudan’s golden age of photography https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6a6deff4-c052-4791-b56f-e1b5d632835a/Mgbokwo+of+%C3%96ka+%28Awka%29+photographed+by+British%E2%80%A6.jpg African Hairstyles Mgbokwo of Öka (Awka) photographed by British colonial government anthropologist Northcote Thomas, 1910-1911, colourised (and cropped) from black and white by Ụ́kpụ́rụ́, 2018. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7c650fee-299a-419e-9f9b-522177c5d99f/%E1%BB%A4kp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5%CC%84-4.jpg African Hairstyles Young married woman from Achalla Awka wearing a wig, north-central Igbo area, Nigeria. Photo: K. C. Murray, 1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5878ccf8-8522-45f9-b74e-bec4cb14ff61/Pre-Colonial+Igbo+Land%28Igbo+people+prior+to+Colonization%29.jpg African Hairstyles Man from Mbwaku in Nairaland. Photo by G.I. Jones. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e6b5a0a1-2ce7-4705-9d37-b9341eb92da6/1000013414.jpg African Hairstyles Postcard of women plaiting each other's hair. The picture was taken before 1900 by J.P. Fernandes in present-day Tanzania, with the postcard printed circa 1912. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3dad1be3-2ecd-42f0-b75c-12a2f15d554e/1000013417.jpg African Hairstyles Picture depicting Ojongo, a coiffure that was popular among Igbo women until the mid-20th century. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. "Hair - dressing as a work of art." The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1966. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0425e9de-60ad-4b33-b0bd-728d5da6a79d/1000013420.jpg African Hairstyles Foulbe hairstyle, Gaoundéré, Cameroon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/25657b4f-2ff5-4346-a2b0-7e675e585cf1/1000013423.jpg African Hairstyles Traditional intricately plaited and beaded hairstyle, characteristic of the Bougbou people from the Oubangui region of Congo. From www.delcampe.net "Congo - Série IV - Dans l'Oubanghi. Pur type de femme Bougbou - Mobaye" collection: Charbonneau https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09ecedbe-536f-4d65-9bae-bc39e869c511/1000013429.jpg African Hairstyles Zulu man wearing isicholo. South Africa, 1879. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c125d69d-8bf2-4bbc-be46-1b3fa112fb5e/1000013434.jpg African Hairstyles Fulani women from Chad. Photographer: René Moreau, collection from 1920-1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef80dfef-59c9-466c-b52e-9783519890ad/1000013443.jpg African Hairstyles Ancient Rwandan hairstyle called Amasunzu. From the book "Gari-Gari "by Hugo Adolf Bernatzik, 1930. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e9ae89a1-0691-42f5-acbf-608b75b98ac8/IMG_8652.JPG African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90d6c7c1-a152-4457-872e-8f656c227a37/IMG_8657.JPG African Hairstyles Femme Manama, (Province Orientale) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/04086e1e-a404-4b79-97bb-6a9aa53d7434/IMG_8660.JPG African Hairstyles Azande Woman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/61c1324c-bc97-404a-b337-3b94f8ee7d97/IMG_8663.JPG African Hairstyles Pre-colonial Hairstyle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0574e68-17fc-46f1-aeac-b0ec1b2d0d72/IMG_8670.JPG African Hairstyles Afro-knots. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34e48784-68cf-4885-b04a-19992278ba80/IMG_8674.JPG African Hairstyles Scanned image from the book 'Traditional hairstyles for the black woman' privately published by Kunle Sonuga, 1976, showcasing traditional hairstyling options from Nigeria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/feac0300-a049-496b-a1cb-9b3fb1478de1/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+10.18.23+AM.png African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 10-11) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fbdbbb5a-bcce-4687-b6c6-df3de77e61c6/1000013408.jpg African Hairstyles Young women in a hair salon in Abetifi-Kwahu, Ghana, around 1890-1910. From Basel Mission Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84b0fef3-725a-4635-b880-1142d1b9cb01/african-womens-hairstyles-2.jpg African Hairstyles Zulu women in traditional hairddress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9681a585-02c9-4a26-b469-a4d76baa7b64/african-womens-hairstyles-8.jpg African Hairstyles Hairdressing in Nigeria, c.1965. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/211e7f0f-1453-457f-85f3-f1eb26b52337/african-womens-hairstyles-11.jpg African Hairstyles Guerret woman, Ivory Coast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/496b61e5-af49-4791-9470-fb10bc0346f5/african-womens-hairstyles-14.jpg African Hairstyles DR Congo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7de0db3e-fd5b-49e8-bcaf-f4edf08f04a4/african-womens-hairstyles-18.jpg African Hairstyles Ukuanyama (Ovambo) woman from South West Africa (now Namibia), 1936. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76bd562b-684a-4da1-aa57-17c48e51fe40/african-womens-hairstyles-23.jpg African Hairstyles Watutsi woman, 1975. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc0e89be-da00-46d6-8f9e-4b4585721a7d/african-girls.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c29be600-afaf-4197-8e73-ce9b41731428/hair.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e8b824ff-147a-4d62-84be-8e753a57c9a9/look-at-her-hair.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/932f593e-9719-4067-9fc2-b741bdf55173/6-48.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4353ba8c-c860-4f9f-a4a8-3e23225fbd1d/10-36.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/446b5b27-4575-4de4-a80e-aa3a9173176e/4-50.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b8215035-e81c-4e15-b5be-3c1ccf42e312/IMG_8692.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 15) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/59186e2a-4fa5-4646-a091-6a8a5ad8a2aa/IMG_8696.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 22) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97bd8389-d4d2-41b3-b7af-4728ba5f1248/IMG_8699.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 27) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/991cfef9-c45f-4aca-b31d-a41fe3c70c24/IMG_8702.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 31) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/58d81477-212e-4ae5-a407-f9a3721465eb/IMG_8706.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 42) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/de564a3d-d71a-41e3-a66d-f01b15f13d8a/2d42764a9d8b47c8b69bb9ed88e6ace3.jpg African Hairstyles Cameroon, Tikar people, 1920. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4066015f-c3fa-4def-8df2-5f539676e406/tumblr_nzlm3eaGr21tam06ao1_1280.jpeg African Hairstyles Lagos, Nigeria. A traditional hairdressing salon, 1974, Bruno Barbey https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c99a8241-54dd-4d7d-abb8-fc3bed77e003/Jd+Okhai+Ojeikere.jpg African Hairstyles Youssouf Sogodogo (published in 2000) - Les Editions de L’Oeil https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2b000de-3db6-4df2-b8b5-a3e190d0527c/Zulu+Spear+Head.jpg African Hairstyles Hugo Bernatzik (1897-1953) Soedan, Kaka, Sobat rivier, Shilluk-tribe 1925-1927 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ac3f2fe-db3a-4353-bb7e-944664da02f0/Ancient+Somalia.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e87519cc-e8bb-4476-a697-d70c471eba31/Rwanda+Hairstyle.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3c693136-cfa2-41e9-a7e2-21efb55df503/Present+Day.jpg African Hairstyles Young Igbo man from Ubulu-Uku (in present-day northern Delta State, Nigeria). Photograph taken by Northcote Thomas in the early 20th century https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/adf1581f-cec8-477c-92e0-5a911d9d3fc6/Eritrea+Braids.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a099ce60-bcd5-46ff-8dd9-88401c808df7/West+African+Hair+Styles-2.jpg African Hairstyles Guerret woman, Ivory Coast https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09d337e8-b359-43b3-aab6-70e06b84e789/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%B3%E1%8C%8A+%E1%8B%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B6%E1%89%BD+%E1%8C%B8%E1%8C%89%E1%88%AD+%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AD+%E1%89%A0+%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8B%E1%89%A5%E1%8B%B1+%E1%8C%89%E1%8C%82+1947+%E1%8B%93%E1%88%9D+_+Boy%27s+hairstyle+in+Alabdu-Guji+1954.jpg African Hairstyles A boy's hairstyle in Alabdu-Guji 1954 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b2379657-3c47-4a8a-8cb0-c49fb30647af/Beauty.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fea0b2a9-1ace-414b-b6aa-0b7620bdf22a/danakil+woman.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c20bd5c-7db3-49e1-9e94-04b366a0bbe2/Hair+With+Thread.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c3669cb-4831-41a1-bf30-393f115d9359/Vintage+Afro+Hairstyles.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e3b218a-8f36-4f41-9076-3100f8496a73/fullsizerender-8.jpg.webp African Hairstyles Saeda Kamaal is attended by her hair plaiter in 1960s-70s Omdurman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e3b13703-7495-437e-be3e-ae692513dab3/Traditional+Hairstyle-2.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/91b9cacc-ec5a-402f-95ef-b679c118db91/Figura+foto+1936.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1127dfe0-450d-4c6a-91d2-d08cce6e0ab7/Afro+Brutalism.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/41e6f549-5d53-4653-8f45-b5e8931db774/Ethiopia+%2C+Afar+man.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/29d3a67d-3f63-4cb5-9a69-d48b332038e1/Congolese+Hairstyles.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16411821-df35-42c0-94f6-713020711f47/Ethiopia+%F0%9F%87%AA%F0%9F%87%B9.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a4b4fd5-1fa6-4d16-aeb0-0fc250eb5488/tumblr_pm283qPt1h1qjh37to1_1280.jpg African Hairstyles An Igbo girl in the photo album of British colonial government anthropologist Northcote Thomas, taken c. 1910-11. MAA Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7eb52234-30a7-4b70-a259-f21d672b8865/53f228d117d0cfe4690173e8da4294ce.jpg African Hairstyles A photo of an Igbo woman from Eastern Nigeria, G. I. Jones, 1930-1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e974d59f-5a9b-43f9-95fa-f31a9e118558/+-3.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd5388a8-6400-441b-bc2b-e274fdf2395d/1000013415.jpg African Hairstyles Oromo woman from Jimma, Western Ethiopia. This hairstyle (a variation of Goferay called Gufta) was common around the time when Italy colonised Abyssinia/Ethiopia. Taken between 1885 & 1894 G.C. Source: Historic Ethiopia Through Camera Lens. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6cdfc45a-60a2-4c4b-aca2-054776dda49c/1000013418.jpg African Hairstyles Pahouin man from Gabon, Central Africa. Circa 1910s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e1de5d8-a7b1-4105-82df-28686032d118/1000013421.jpg African Hairstyles Mangbetu Cranal Binding, D.R Congo. Circa 1930. From "Christ in Congo forests" by Norman P. Grubb https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f69630b1-ceed-45db-918c-bb149c4e3fd5/1000013426.jpg African Hairstyles Fulani woman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84a9db50-7899-4f35-a2d4-38442eb86789/1000013430.jpg African Hairstyles Postcard depicting a Walikuyu man, East Africa, circa 1912. From Missionary Sisters of Our-Lady of Algiers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/356d8bad-f507-4516-8c11-51283e3b7311/1000013437.jpg African Hairstyles Yoruba woman with hair wrapped in black thread, Ife, Nigeria, 1970. Picture taken by Eliot Elisofon. National Museum of African Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c1be943-5253-4f0d-89b8-1437e8c33f66/1000013442.jpg African Hairstyles Traditional hairstyle worn by a Nigerian woman. Published by Jungle Sonuga in 1976. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f7452f86-4e5f-4f09-90d5-e0f2d698add9/IMG_8649.JPG African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3201ff44-379c-4f38-b18d-7c47adad88d5/IMG_8651.JPG African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/439c778a-68a3-4301-ab19-c483d32c42ee/IMG_8658.JPG African Hairstyles Congo, a Mangbetu woman with fine coif https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bb104699-4bc4-41c8-9bbf-f11a5665a675/IMG_8661.JPG African Hairstyles Oromo hairstyle in Jimma, Oromia, 1885 - 1894. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2f7ede3-463e-473a-b7d5-26ef48dd6f38/IMG_8664.JPG African Hairstyles Senufo woman. Published in Himmelheber (Hans), "Negerkunst und Negerkünstler", Braunschweig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1960:64. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d47ec385-809f-4ab2-93ed-f57b2756d9c9/IMG_8668.JPG African Hairstyles Nasara, one of the wives of Akenge with typical fan-shaped style of the Zande, Democratic Republic Congo. Photo by Herbert Lang Expedition, 1909-1915. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9ff565de-6ed3-4156-8776-7bf490cbefca/IMG_8671.JPG African Hairstyles Nigerian Hairstyle, 1976. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7050f9e7-76ec-4823-948a-c2eb8a705272/IMG_8675.JPG African Hairstyles Portrait of a Toucouleur, Fula woman, 1910. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36e24fde-65bc-41c9-8a29-f6b9406d69de/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+10.20.05+AM.png African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 12) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/67649d1f-b34c-456e-bad6-fff2fa79cebc/1000013409.jpg African Hairstyles "Nosy-Be kvinde" ("Nosy-Be woman"). From the island of Nosy-Be, north west Madagascar. Circa 1868. Part of Photographs of the Mission Archives, School of Mission and Theology, Stavanger, Norway, ca.1870-1950 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68c4440e-b339-4b10-b59f-37acb6d18c3f/african-womens-hairstyles-6.jpg African Hairstyles Fulani, Burkina Faso, 1930. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8b357ac3-4315-42de-9b9f-b7fc45f06944/african-womens-hairstyles-9.jpg African Hairstyles Foulbe hairstyle, Gaoundéré, Cameroon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2468e5d-ee55-4409-95b9-3c87946fa35f/african-womens-hairstyles-12.jpg African Hairstyles Young Swahili girl from Zanzibar. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/648ff912-7420-47c7-879c-8e2a63e93cfc/african-womens-hairstyles-16.jpg African Hairstyles Fula (Fulani/Fulbe) woman from Guinea. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/00c169fe-3209-454d-aef4-01c1fac92157/african-womens-hairstyles-20.jpg African Hairstyles Two Mbalantu (Wambo group) women whose braids have been lengthened to their ankles through the use of sinew (eefipa) extensions. Namibia, c.1940s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c00d61d2-289b-41c8-91b9-a1ae6d6084a0/african-womens-hairstyles-24.jpg African Hairstyles Dominique Darbois, African dance, Artia, 1962. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/926c66e1-3932-4216-96e4-f212c33680ce/african-women.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd2ae36e-1dbe-4dba-8f28-39546dd57c1d/i-like-this.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83da172b-16d9-4284-8512-2ecc7f7789a5/these-women-are-amazing.jpg African Hairstyles Precolonial West African Women, via Eccentric Yoruba Wordpress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/072f4a0f-c791-4303-96e0-80e637ebed1b/7-44.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3149c8ee-680c-4142-a808-cc57edee284b/8-41.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66996d6c-0d04-41be-84ef-556e35bf1008/2-50.jpg African Hairstyles Madagascan women, showcasing their hairstyles, early 20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/720532e7-bf86-4350-b457-1b7ed220ece6/IMG_8694.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 17) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a8eb770-cd14-40b6-ba18-0fcd4eb9e9db/IMG_8697.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 25) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/147bc3c6-dea2-4ce1-ba30-b175e234e882/IMG_8700.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 28) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da75cb3e-0cda-4b38-9225-2b82ffe72660/IMG_8703.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 37) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/49fbd622-8ed8-416e-8fb7-8f3edeaa722f/IMG_8707.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 43) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/32170183-46a5-4f06-9d0f-a3205b0ab599/Tribe+Fashion.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ed3c9525-138f-4867-83ff-6f7229c19068/Afar+Curls-2.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5691a8ac-bfda-4ba7-b334-aa7a9c8e9604/Traditional+Hairstyle-3.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f15ef2f1-5fb5-4856-8a3f-ce1fb9a9673f/A+la+Tulaye+from+Coiffures+traditionnelles+et+modernes+du+Mali+by+Mamadou+Kone_.jpg African Hairstyles A la Tulaye from Coiffures traditionnelles et modernes du Mali by Mamadou Kone https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b377239-ad6d-44b2-8f59-44d14c3a34d4/%F0%9F%87%AA%F0%9F%87%B7.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/57a26acb-5938-48cb-b569-d55bad34ab3e/Somali+nomad+girl.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/81f7bfc6-2666-4da9-b536-6d321c58b2b2/Toubou+Braids.jpg African Hairstyles Toubou Braids https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a09ef9ea-d568-4026-8d55-b12b613578a6/Traditional+Hairstyle.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd3e41d3-b2fa-4640-8365-8da88b92914e/Eritrean+woman.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be29d23b-dc14-4d94-95fb-67afce6f5506/4c+Hair+Texture.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f42a670a-cd20-415e-8727-73a791260cf2/Vintage+Congo+Belge+Map.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca938e6e-9323-42b9-a7a3-16ca9ff8fe69/Pre+Colonial+Nigeria.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8f87f1f8-ba68-4cd9-92f2-c13983c825da/Tuareg+Braids.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aa3782b4-4fe0-42ac-8b11-06c406db2ef1/img_2571.jpg.webp African Hairstyles Sudanese ornate hair braids https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/08e0a62b-8bd6-4687-9b07-842817c0ae1f/3094665381_6be14f925c_c.jpg African Hairstyles The people of the Nuba mountains. Nuba is a collective term used here for the peoples who inhabit the Nuba Mountains, in Kordofan province, Sudan, Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5240ee3d-2407-4412-bc14-5f476466494e/figura+africana+foto+1936.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3d08890b-1a02-4deb-9e1c-1991d5cebe22/African+Hairstyles.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0de6414e-1022-4ba2-bd04-63351048afe4/Ethiopia+Geographical+Features.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fd02a29-1ebb-429b-a930-9744b79fb926/West+African+Hair+Styles.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/49ed3323-b50c-4e31-82fe-f029aae82492/Ice+Cone+Haircut.jpg African Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/114fd444-907f-48ae-a770-a423b07333ee/%E1%BB%A4%CC%81kp%E1%BB%A5%CC%81r%E1%BB%A5%CC%81+%E2%80%94+Igbo+women+and+girls+and+their%E2%80%A6.jpg African Hairstyles Onolibwo, an Igbo woman of Isele Asaba. Photo taken by Northcote Thomas and published in Anthropological Report on Ibo-speaking Peoples of Nigeria, Part IV (1914). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9545919-6843-4fe4-ba1a-f21d6e9c87b8/IMG_8647.JPG African Hairstyles French Guinea, Africa, 1902 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a9e45c1-7bc8-4bb1-b6a4-c76778bcc6cb/IMG_8653.JPG African Hairstyles African Woman from Foumban, Cameroon, 1911-1915 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4684f3d-fb81-4db2-83b8-a7c68bff94e7/IMG_8708.jpg African Hairstyles Sagay, Esi. African Hairstyles: Styles of Yesterday and Today. London; Exeter, N.H., USA: Heinemann Educational Books, Internet Archive, 1983. (Page 44) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf6d85f3-f68f-4f65-9412-5120e91a38fc/fullsizerender-7-1.jpg.webp African Hairstyles A woman performing the pigeon dance (Der Dunkle Erdteil, Berlin 1930) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d907cb70-1e33-4948-99ed-046771386229/photoroom_20211120_193839.png.webp African Hairstyles Detail of colonial era photograph of a young Bisharin girl. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aaf332e5-464d-4646-8372-c0332c03e5a7/IMG_8648.JPG African Hairstyles Wakikuyu Man, East Africa, 1912 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd413afb-7b3f-4e6c-b071-743a5b34ea0f/IMG_8654.JPG African Hairstyles Aro-Chuko Woman, Nigeria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/988bfc3c-a516-4abc-9674-13e48b333ba0/IMG_8655.JPG African Hairstyles Bamoum, Foumoum, Cameroon, 1911-1915 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3194b17a-0411-4ad8-9195-265698a5fa01/1000014674.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/79608c44-bdc8-4428-b1e3-3c49b64213e5/1000014688.jpg African American Publications Black Liberation Army Communique https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dfcc95e1-daae-48f5-9b26-9cf5c628c338/1000014696.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56d9e0f4-9af1-4b8f-bb72-b46b2c5f753d/1000014708.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1972 Vol 8 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca0a431e-b02b-42d6-9082-8a2971a05669/1000014722.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/602cb84c-dd6f-4377-a8c8-c6d4101c3006/1000014728.jpg African American Publications Notes from a New Afrikan Journal Book 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4122dff8-2024-4b9e-a0f1-dc4370655b04/1000014746.jpg African American Publications Notes from a New Afrikan P.O.W Journal Book 6 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/957f3507-6392-4e73-9bab-6ae1fd29d72e/1000014750.jpg African American Publications Vita Wa Watu ( More Notes from a New Afrikan P.O.W Journal ) Book Eight Jan 1986 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e355cdb-23ea-43bd-a58c-311f45ee27ec/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.21.34.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1971 Vol 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07b09384-8923-4eb5-a0eb-deb7e069fd06/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.05.21.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 6 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff14f59c-80e7-402d-80d3-f493bd103c81/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.22.47.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/abab1a96-92e6-4c69-89fa-5fc3a5f91454/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.31.29.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84f3fee9-0953-4d63-a299-0463cd2fc463/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.35.24.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d1c1e29-9198-46eb-8dbf-09c647d4cdb0/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+8.34.51+PM.png African American Publications B.L.A.C. (Black Liberators for Action on Campus), University of Nebraska at Omaha https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5bfe4376-744d-4f56-8aae-1d0aa2919c7c/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.07.47+PM.png African American Publications Freedomways Source: Reveal Digital , 01-01-1980 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aabc082b-d304-40ab-b36b-762be4a4d394/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.23.34+PM.png African American Publications Muhammad Speaks Source: Reveal Digital , 02-28-1964https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28146768 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db37f046-0299-4233-8fcd-a79aab2a0a3e/the-negro-work.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp African American Publications The Negro Worker 1937 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/25c03ed2-5089-4055-b5a2-87823ac3f97e/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+12.01.42.png African American Publications Jet Magazine 1957 Vol 13 Issue 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c921e22d-5ca4-4e2a-9d62-8842c69f4020/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+11.57.22.png African American Publications Negro Digest 1965 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d56945ca-5741-4dbb-8ae5-2fd60d1340a7/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+12.04.55.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1971 Vol 27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a8e0c727-6c95-482f-89bf-6f5d34e20434/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.32.51.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c80b286f-b526-4641-9615-e8d59da7620c/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.43.02.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac572c6f-8e94-4e74-bc08-a2f52a08fee9/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.05.12.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 9 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/24aaaf9c-057e-484f-8a58-6c0dfddab27b/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.11.49.png African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eeea8e0c-e08f-4758-9181-94bf5d98d61d/1000014474.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1968 Vol 7 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/63231853-66d6-40fa-8348-37aa97eb6d01/1000014486.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/16afd798-26ec-4f1b-a2a6-8d7e1aca19ba/1000014634.jpg African American Publications Movement August 1969 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/076a101a-7e96-44ff-98b8-f4a7b3c8a102/1000014644.jpg African American Publications New Afrikan Freedom Fighter March 1983 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/156c37bb-9757-42eb-9624-1a5a43874f6f/1000014654.jpg African American Publications Black Liberation Bill Epton https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9fac511b-c5db-4fb2-b022-a74e0e155b96/1000014664.jpg African American Publications The Roots of the New African Independence Movement https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36751b38-d4e4-425b-bd5f-c29b26db20fd/1000014678.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a474d401-1cfc-4d0a-b751-a65eb4f4ed4d/1000014690.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther New Intercommunal News Service https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80636f1c-7a3a-464f-989a-275a897890e4/1000014700.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1968 Vol 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4bb2809-32c1-4ec6-a6ea-9fb1a649dd32/1000014710.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1972 Vol 8 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8d829f7-2b26-42f1-8d98-f580342dc209/1000014724.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b31a0232-43a5-4630-a3da-f9b57dcfe340/1000014730.jpg African American Publications Notes from a New Afrikan Journal Book 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a9c14a3-3537-4605-8954-5dac195b0fe9/1000014748.jpg African American Publications Notes from a New Afrikan P.O.W Journal Book 7 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/383f5e99-ecce-44fe-9f94-d21e02014d30/1000014752.jpg African American Publications Vita Wa Watu A New Afrikan Theoretical Journal Book Twelve April 1988 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8edeb340-26b1-41b9-8df4-4c1d81d07344/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.21.46.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1968 Vol 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a925989-c2d4-4989-9b49-543fb2b8a922/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+18.58.02.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/409ca411-8a1f-470b-8778-c61c7cdf5a60/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.05.29.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/facdceff-db8f-4161-a3a2-d66bc103060b/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.22.58.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b1dff3b-84c2-490e-a967-74368fca5772/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.31.40.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7634935d-d6c8-4d90-aded-a17bf404e6d0/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.35.35.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 7 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f3290d0b-1c34-4115-ad68-edb073314bec/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.12.14+PM.png African American Publications Freedomways Source: Reveal Digital , 01-04-1980 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2234b7d7-bf9c-418b-90d2-9c5c6c2b1c0e/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.29.40+PM.png African American Publications Pan-African Journal Source: Reveal Digital, 04-01-1970 https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.39990662 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a25272e8-439c-4b35-972b-952b1b594220/negro-world-ma.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp African American Publications The Negro World 1919 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/26193525-8c00-4656-b76e-82ad9f8ccbfd/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+12.01.50.png African American Publications Jet Magazine 1957 Vol 12 Issue 13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5eb4ff6e-cbe9-48b7-b93f-f5c189f8e0f2/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+11.57.00.png African American Publications Negro Digest 1947 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2dea2328-32aa-4309-ae27-1d078f2e53ab/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+12.05.01.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1971 Vol 30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34a8bfef-d613-4e45-a183-8a877a01c893/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.32.59.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b708c05-dd09-44bf-969d-8f8983e84d4f/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.43.12.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b5c2e5e9-9ab2-4e2d-bcf8-f5d14ccb28b5/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.05.21.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 7 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce43ea35-11f9-4eb7-a580-068955813f64/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.11.56.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c8d5f3d-d65a-46ac-ac12-ff20d21f759c/1000014476.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 5 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3d508019-212b-4e2a-a47e-9b76d9260d8c/1000014484.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/98d037d1-5a0e-4759-b1b2-0bb2cccb38ed/1000014636.jpg African American Publications Movement January 1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4aa7f702-1346-448b-89c0-7c5c4d53396c/1000014646.jpg African American Publications New Afrikan Prisoner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5304a699-ce9e-4189-8858-f3eb8b8f1bfa/1000014656.jpg African American Publications Black Workers Council Bill Epton https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e27e23e8-6c82-4166-b8ef-9371fb0e7b15/1000014666.jpg African American Publications Notes of the Black Panther Party Safiya A https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/132d6ad5-0686-4916-8d2c-49c289635a33/1000014680.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e6dee5c-8a41-4b39-84a5-b9b28f41f890/1000014692.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b67db179-3336-4b5c-9bec-9ff5669e15d1/1000014702.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1968 Vol 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ade2900a-60ce-4997-b5ac-bfb83a230768/1000014712.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e67deac7-1d0a-41f9-955f-3418cbf649b0/1000014726.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c0bf851-b7ed-40cd-9f2d-208299b557ed/1000014742.jpg African American Publications Notes from a New Afrikan Journal Book 3 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c2ead667-d594-4ee5-9417-ce8f9a0c6e28/1000014736.jpg African American Publications The New Afrikan Journal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/618a4a05-2f36-4965-b191-7dd45355b985/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.21.52.png African American Publications Huey on Black Capitalism Zine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6ef0d97-d603-4dae-89df-e56390d140dc/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+18.58.10.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 9 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0490d3f-00ed-4b1e-a042-2a39fd1da4e8/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.05.39.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76f4bd6a-3bab-4abf-a1a1-6881ea9deca6/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.23.06.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c08ec92e-381c-4951-92a7-888d73438eb4/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.31.48.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be96f8f0-c184-4b95-8965-6baffda11cb8/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.35.48.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 4 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cca5f5e0-be34-4942-b8c7-b6065954af83/Screenshot+2025-09-24+at+9.13.35+PM.png African American Publications Freedomways Source: Reveal Digital , 01-03-1980 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76ee2e1c-5e0e-44c1-8542-040192735ddf/603665f730b5ce5f75b19c68_JOU_4_1-3_Compressed.jpg African American Publications New World Quarterly 1966 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3bdf1634-ba40-4913-90c9-866db7890518/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+12.01.59.png African American Publications Jet Magazine 1957 Vol 11 Issue 19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9970ccd-6579-4c07-b4eb-0452c0d1384e/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+11.57.08.png African American Publications Negro Digest 1946 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/72204b1f-e5a6-4f83-b874-f7f376b9e125/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+12.05.10.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1971 Vol 29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fd0f5d0-4447-484b-ada9-706f141ed01d/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.33.07.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e30c8be-ba76-4258-96fd-51d7c7d582f2/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.43.23.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ecc79ab7-5cc0-497b-bfc9-a5b893529a4c/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.05.28.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 6 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca6b7ea3-e777-4857-95ab-19b10f74f407/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.12.03.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e5e8087-43dd-4beb-afb2-e6d15199e307/1000014478.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1967 Vol 6 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5036f0be-3069-47dc-be11-81e1284c9128/1000014482.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 6 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c6b49bd-5755-4ea5-a3e0-c46bb1b3e8a2/1000014638.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/58b30514-0335-4e57-9d92-b6ca79a8ce1d/1000014648.jpg African American Publications Strong Women Coming https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ba35e1d3-a3e8-4366-b93e-29d5d2f3e243/1000014658.jpg African American Publications By Any Means Necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db83cdce-6b4f-4d7f-8605-1b4db130c5a9/1000014668.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/64656677-4ec1-4980-a571-a989e16b226e/1000014682.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4359fcf8-4f59-4578-94e4-91063e0c0e74/1000014694.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service June 1967 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/549d6cda-8735-414f-b784-f346c51722a1/1000014704.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1972 Vol 7 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8df430fc-01e4-4645-a4b5-8870a1ed8e13/1000014714.jpg African American Publications The Story of Dessie Woods https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34d6fa93-63d7-4a97-a870-17f6f99cce0a/1000014732.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/89031a84-7a3d-41d8-96f9-776a434a3ea4/1000014754.jpg African American Publications Notes from a New Afrikan Journal Book 4 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66e61df3-164b-438f-9898-f395f19bb563/1000014738.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/17b270b2-2ab8-4436-a44b-29c5b531d2e7/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.22.13.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1968 Vol 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/785b7a11-cf2d-4628-8a21-9c17f4a511a9/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+18.58.16.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/00b304f6-1d0f-49b3-ab37-04969a8894fc/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.05.48.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f085a4dc-2d5c-40e4-9269-e3b47945a7e3/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.23.15.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/676465dd-9f97-4ff2-97a5-8b6ba3a6027b/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.31.56.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0c2d250d-affc-497b-b20d-edea859c0ed8/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.36.07.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1691454a-4188-4677-a02b-76e12612133a/Screenshot+2025-08-10+at+11.57.15.png African American Publications Negro Digest 1946 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/73fc50bb-f561-449d-aef8-1ed2be024e3a/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.20.50.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6300126-428e-4538-a975-74de303c3757/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.33.22.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/252ed3c0-8610-4547-9a41-1a1ec56489da/Screenshot+2025-08-17+at+22.42.43.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc52f3f7-8aeb-428e-8863-2555c15ce8c7/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.05.38.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1970 Vol 4 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9e7e01e-7fc3-4992-9091-575c4be6c987/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.12.12.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1968 Vol 14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5750753a-4904-442b-97e7-01cffaf7a88e/1000014242.jpg African American Publications Black Women in Antiquity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/82174a94-d62f-42b9-93f2-73a5aed7eb83/1000014480.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c48a3959-e699-4aee-856a-64cf09d5bd63/1000014490.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b2b13e25-4e69-4197-a58f-354d6d5ce11d/1000014640.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2b53822f-6323-40ac-9cf5-968997f3f413/1000014650.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b493b503-0161-481c-a617-8aa304c700ff/1000014660.jpg African American Publications By Any Means Necessary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da097f8a-b9c6-4d2f-8f66-116b0c0134a5/1000014670.jpg African American Publications Angela Davis or America ? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f906d8d-e683-49bf-bdea-8f5d61cc629c/1000014686.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b3d20605-0c34-479f-ba81-a1516a53d894/1000014684.jpg African American Publications Why is Assata on Trial? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b26ea30b-462b-4ae2-8c07-114f48403350/1000014706.jpg African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1972 Vol 8 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/52d71a29-c378-4c0b-a846-9759410b3162/1000014720.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd22eb3b-0cc1-4b7d-b5d1-af3e65ba8190/1000014734.jpg African American Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/73f5556f-f048-432f-a51c-1bf7c2d045d4/1000014744.jpg African American Publications Notes from a New Afrikan Journal Book 5 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/355e97ed-6f16-403a-9206-6e75f0df48e6/1000014740.jpg African American Publications Safiya A. Lest We Forget https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9aed45b-41b0-444f-a0ac-4502cb6851db/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+17.22.24.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 3 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6c44fbbb-7ebb-416a-9450-76549947fd7b/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+18.58.23.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4c0c672-cafb-48c3-ba0b-961f2c0443d6/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.05.55.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 9 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/103a8d7f-c2ff-44e9-99a9-0d90d6f4f127/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.23.24.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4bef5b68-da58-481b-b38b-56633f735012/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+19.32.03.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/822fe2c1-5ecd-498d-b94d-1ce705b88e7d/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+18.58.37.png African American Publications The Black Panther Black Community News Service 1969 Vol 3 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/instruments daily 0.75 2026-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f2d5f4d-9dc2-4434-a5fe-3418136ccf9e/iiif-service_gdc_gdcwdl_wd_l__02_77_9_wdl_02779_2779-full-pct_100-0-default.jpg Instruments Native Drummers. "This photograph from Haiti shows two drummers playing on elaborately-decorated drums. The photograph is from the collection of the Columbus Memorial Library of the Organization of American States (OAS), which includes 45,000 photographs illustrative of life and culture in the Americas. Many of the photographs were taken by prominent photographers on OAS missions to member countries. The OAS was established in April 1948 when 21 countries of the western hemisphere adopted the OAS Charter, in which they reaffirmed their commitment to the pursuit of common goals and respect for each other's sovereignty. Since then, the OAS has expanded to include the countries of the English-speaking Caribbean as well as Canada. The predecessor organization to the OAS was the Pan American Union, founded in 1910, which in turn grew out of the International Union of American Republics, established at the First International Conference of American States in 1889-90." Created / Published Haiti : Organization of American States, 1958-03. Columbus Memorial Library (OAS) Photograph Collection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6894a8e8-5579-41ac-8e40-fd90849bbfc6/nmnh-e382569-0-vodoun-drum-22manman22-22hontour22.png Instruments Vodoun "manman" drum in the collections of National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e1431f8f-4c34-4f5f-bba5-8ec5b06ff04a/Unknown.jpeg Instruments The Banjo: "A History of America’s African Instrument" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/934ebc6e-cbb2-4770-af28-7154676be273/Steel%2Bband%2B1950s.jpeg Instruments Trinidad players mesmerise crowds at the Festival of Britain in 1951 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f67cbfc8-cb57-4938-ae1b-63a2c474d7f2/8855216.jpg Instruments San (Bushmen) man playing mouth bow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2138bb50-aa6e-470e-a95f-3aba1427b3d1/5730318.gif Instruments A musician from Gabon, central Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b116819e-79c9-4f49-8ed2-696f1f0f61d2/3532526.jpeg Instruments My guess would be Papua New Guinea, but no info on this pic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a3903d3-6b49-4eff-9026-f91664eee4d9/3167707.png Instruments Young Zulu man (1930's photo) playing mouth bow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb6f6c5c-904d-4795-af09-aa3ced747116/531072.jpg Instruments Historic mouth bow images, Central Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9a4353e-bceb-4fbc-be60-2e8a9df217cc/135621.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e9c815ef-4717-4854-acaa-14cb0a65fed8/646227.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2245a571-dfe6-4fd4-8f22-42d954ce096b/1433972_orig.png Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2c32202-ba63-4a98-8557-478292741750/3550817.jpg.png Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a1cae867-58b4-4ce7-9139-0ef662ea2103/5561656.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/03601284-7473-455b-a448-69eca442b187/5856168.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36770d4b-196e-4907-8b58-6ecede988321/6842749.png Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/801a2719-1413-4ae5-bbc3-b2f9354d8a55/7158987.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac1110a0-eba7-4080-aa0d-8b369481c4fa/8084834.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/26574383-d6b4-4a43-bea0-49dd138e40e2/9104040_orig.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett. "This beautiful old photograph is from the 1894 Chicago World's Fair, aka the World Columbian Exposition. The drummer is Abou Bakr Ghindi, who represented the Sudan at the fair. " https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43f31a16-8368-4d5c-a55b-ccbbf1cedfc6/1363157352.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b21ad162-33cc-407c-acd3-63f1908cc5b3/1363160941.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9ec2d912-9144-42e1-84fb-95fd030d74fd/491027396_1149727263855789_3820167366575270612_n.jpg Instruments "72 years ago, The Trinidad All-Steel Pan Percussion Orchestra (TASPO) first debuted the steelpan to critical acclaim in the United Kingdom! In 1951, the Steel Band Association began preparations for their first major project: creating a steelband to represent Trinidad & Tobago at the Festival of Britain in London. This led to TASPO, the Trinidad All-Steel Pan Percussion Orchestra with eleven top pannists from T&T: Winston “Spree” Simon (Fascinators), Ellie Mannette (Invaders), Anthony Williams (North Stars), Sterling Betancourt (Crossfire), Theo Stephens (Free French), Orman Haynes (Casablanca), Belgrave Bonaparte (Southern Symphony), Philmore Davidson (City Syncopators), Andrew de la Bastide (Hill), Dudley Smith (Rising Sun), and Carlton Roach (Sun Valley). They were led by the Barbadian-born Lieutenant Joseph Griffith, the Director of the St. Lucia Police Band. As TASPO’s musical director, he created a diverse repertoire to demonstrate the steelpan’s range: mambos, calypsoes, waltzes, & sambas. The band first performed at Globe Cinema in Port of Spain, then London, where they were a huge success. Although TASPO only existed for a short period of time, it led to a reevaluation of steelbands. They brought a musical revolution to Britain, & this warm reception gave legitimacy to steelband music at home. Musicians Ellie Mannette & Anthony Williams created vastly improved instruments for TASPO’s performances abroad, such as Mannette’s 23-note ping-pong pan, & Williams’ 14-note tenor boom. Additionally, Lieut. Griffith ensured all of the pans were tuned to concert pitch & included all notes of the chromatic scale, leading to a more uniform tone quality. UK audiences greatly enjoyed this new form of Caribbean music. Trinbagonian Edric Connor took TASPO to a variety of other venues to perform, & their popularity grew through word of mouth, even enjoying a tour of Paris before returning to T&T. This photo showing Lieutenant Joseph Griffith conducting TASPO in London, 1951 is courtesy of the book, “Steelband Saga: The Story of the Steelband, the first 25 years” by Sylvia Gonzalez, part of the National Archives of Trinidad & Tobago Special Collections." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e70b5eb2-7e89-4886-bee8-252136d37974/calypso.jpg Instruments Calypso Be: A Rough Guide to the Raw Side of Vintage Caribbean Music, January 16, 2018, Kevin Kujawa, Riot Fest. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea71629a-0e6b-4271-bf11-97883ebb0b44/daughter+.jpeg Instruments Abner Jay doing handbone with His Daughter on Jawbone https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d39d017-7759-4197-a47f-cb19f94fc524/a.jpeg Instruments Conga Drums at Carnival Time. "This photograph from Cuba shows a group of male revelers in traditional costumes and large sombreros, with various types of drums and other musical instruments, in a Conga line. The conga is a dance that originated in Cuba, and in which the participants form a winding line, take three steps forwards or backwards, and then kick. The photograph is from the collection of the Columbus Memorial Library of the Organization of American States (OAS), which includes 45,000 photographs illustrative of life and culture in the Americas. Many of the photographs were taken by prominent photographers on OAS missions to member countries. The OAS was established in April 1948 when 21 countries of the western hemisphere adopted the OAS Charter, in which they reaffirmed their commitment to the pursuit of common goals and respect for each other's sovereignty. Since then, the OAS has expanded to include the countries of the English-speaking Caribbean as well as Canada. The predecessor organization to the OAS was the Pan American Union, founded in 1910, which in turn grew out of the International Union of American Republics, established at the First International Conference of American States in 1889-90." Created / Published, Cuba : Organization of American States, 1957. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4e13ae9-d74a-48c8-8a65-4d6563437b27/b.jpeg Instruments Virtual exhibition presents previously unseen images by French photographer Pierre Verger 'Maranhão by Pierre Verger', available on the website of the Vale do Maranhão Cultural Center, features 80 images taken by the Frenchman during his visit to Maranhão in the late 1940s." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bd1fb06a-d148-4b44-8ee9-bfcb651232a3/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+5.36.08+PM.png Instruments The History of Reggae. Stuart Kallen. Farmington Hills, MI. The Thompson Gale Corporation. 2006 Race, Class, and Political Symbols/Rastafari and Jamaican Politics. Anita Waters. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Transaction Books. 1985 Kingston, Jamaica. Wikipedia. Sept 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica. Sept 17, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2ac0d36-b7fc-4c44-93a4-408eefff9ab6/2306682178_9994a8f2f2_o.jpg Instruments "This Gentleman is the official abeng blower for the Accompong Maroons. The abeng is blown at special events such as funerals." March 1, 2008. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9a4723d-891f-416f-a880-2d25429988e3/68770735cd2af395aae37293_IMG_0707.jpeg Instruments Gulne Papel, 'The Stolen Sound of Banjo', authored by Abdulmuqit Idowu, Deeds Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34c9803e-b7c5-457c-994f-98a03b33e19a/CPA+ALGERIE+ARABE+MUSICIEN++Gnaoua+-+Alg%C3%A9rie.jpg Instruments Gnawa musician playing a guembri next to child. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b91126cf-6130-43bb-8e9c-67bf775d8407/Circa+1920+Bamboo+Valiha+Music+Tanala+Madagascar+People.jpg Instruments Valiha, the national instrument of Madagascar is made up of bamboo, plant fiber strings and calabash. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bbfa8209-80a6-49ac-8287-db34564ee672/Bowl+Lyre+-+Ugandan+or+Kenyan+-+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art.jpg Instruments East African bowl lyre, endongo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4c26d065-2f59-4b2f-bf88-0e969b4df05b/Sudan.jpg Instruments Sudanese singer Muna Al-Khair playing the oud https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/61aa636c-fb28-499c-85a6-032534599c50/Soussou+griot%2C+Guinea.jpg Instruments A Soussou griot from Guinea playing a musical instrument called a bolon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770642826970-YVC6KH69UJUG3EUFM2I4/%252B-8.jpg Instruments Algerian woman playing a lute instrument. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a6c2979-208e-48d1-85ed-c9a681e7b0bc/+-11.jpg Instruments "Tom-Tom Beater" taken in Furcy, Haiti. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/58437670-9186-49ce-acfc-76dd74054463/Shareero+%28Somali+Lyre%29.jpg Instruments Somali woman playing the lyre. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/141e0ee7-3621-43a8-b853-9defcf3f945d/e95da52d96f0cfb6ac9fdf369ea42785.jpg Instruments Samo man with war horn. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/450bbcc3-cbe8-453d-8a74-0a9fef959574/iiif-service_gdc_gdcwdl_wd_l__02_74_7_wdl_02747_2747-full-pct_100-0-default.jpg Instruments Traditional Bajan Music. "This photograph shows drummers and flute players in a local band playing traditional folk music in a parade in Barbados, with a large crowd in the background. The parade is part of the five-week summer Crop Over festival, the most popular and colorful festival in Barbados. Its origins can be traced to the 1780s, when Barbados was a prolific sugar producer. At the end of each season, there was a huge celebration to mark the culmination of another successful sugar cane harvest, the "crop over" celebration. The photograph is from the collection of the Columbus Memorial Library of the Organization of American States (OAS), which includes 45,000 photographs illustrative of life and culture in the Americas. Many of the photographs were taken by prominent photographers on OAS missions to member countries. The OAS was established in April 1948 when 21 countries of the western hemisphere adopted the OAS Charter, in which they reaffirmed their commitment to the pursuit of common goals and respect for each other's sovereignty. Since then, the OAS has expanded to include the countries of the English-speaking Caribbean as well as Canada. The predecessor organization to the OAS was the Pan American Union, founded in 1910, which in turn grew out of the International Union of American Republics, established at the First International Conference of American States in 1889-90." Created / Published Barbados : Barbados Tourist Board, 1981. Columbus Memorial Library (OAS) Photograph Collection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b00abf6-d1bb-404b-870d-53b63404c5d5/vac2603-018.72.768.512.jpg Instruments Colombia, Caribbean Coast (1964-1970), George List Colombia Collections. "In the 1960s, List travelled to the Colombian Caribbean coastal region to research local musical traditions, and in four trips he recorded over 120 open reel tapes containing music, interviews, and folk tales belonging to communities with strong indigenous and Afro-Colombian heritage. Live recorded music is the most substantial part of these recordings, displaying a broad diversity of local musical ensembles, instruments, and repertoires, many of which are associated today with cumbia and vallenato popular music styles." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b811728-3522-408d-ae44-716a6fede7ff/Boogsie_Sharpe.jpeg Instruments Len “Boogsie” Sharp https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b7508511-2247-4f56-b1c4-dfc7a5e022c3/9422103.jpg Instruments 1930 photogravure of two Ngangela boys playing mouthbows. Angola, Africa. Photograph by Alfred Schachzabel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b8085cf-6081-4d3a-a8f2-67bfa2d81f64/7333471.gif Instruments Ngbaka man playing mouth bow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/21d259e9-b905-4a2a-a346-1234544b7bcd/4103383_orig.png Instruments Mouth bow of BaKwiri people of Mt. Cameroon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdbcf878-9917-4357-a114-08a25f7ca9b1/1928357.jpg Instruments Here's a man from Congo playing a small mouth bow which must have a relatively delicate sound. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e7527a2-78e7-4f04-959d-ab9a3c45d612/1420746.gif Instruments Obu man (Nigeria) playing mouth bow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b98cc261-dfbb-4e3c-9e31-db55227dc7f2/442002.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50c36833-709e-479f-9cf1-b0b2d65127a5/713902.jpeg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e5d4b2c-56c6-45cf-82ea-9b97128703c9/1567213.png Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/24df054d-f63d-448b-bb08-5d403fd26642/3622054.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97e518c2-8f9c-4841-821a-c1db939373f4/5727079.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bff5ff5e-63a4-47e1-897b-4f494981019c/5967481_orig.png Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/febba7f7-5e5a-45e6-92f3-2b992ec8f203/7087523.jpg.png Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/92c07ee2-c271-4271-b42a-828c3f0dc933/7886396.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60d96cca-b1f3-4c96-9b3b-7558542f8874/8376654.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett. " 4th King's African Rifles drummers, Uganda, from the 1920s." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e62bc89d-4964-4cd7-992e-6b4e460ce4c2/9442534.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett. "Two young boys in what is now Sudan, with some rather large and very handsome drums. Photo dates from 1930, by Hugo Adolf Bernatzik, anthropologist and photographer." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b576b443-a65f-437b-a6f3-ee1906b5e9bb/1363158025.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/20facc89-3dad-4e28-9876-0fa950d53f9f/1432703483.png Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc030cc5-2f48-4843-b2f0-1afe9bd21e3f/Screenshot+2025-08-19+at+5.25.00+PM.png Instruments BAND OF ANONYMOUS NATIVE HAITIAN MUSICIANS PLAYING HAND MADE INSTRUMENTS Circa 1960 Photo by H. Armstrong Roberts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/10936771-a779-43d0-a9a0-ad6bc036c8d7/daughter+2+.jpeg Instruments Abner Jay and his daughter, Brandie, playing Rattle of the Bones https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f4af5f62-2291-4a62-9c68-620a8c388367/Bomba_Instrument.jpg Instruments 'Barriles de bomba' players https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5eae6ce1-b1ee-4f45-94ba-028df064ed68/figure_003.jpg Instruments Figure 2 - Sound System speakers in Jamaica. Photo courtesy of Beth Lesser, From the series "Rub a Dub Style" technological (see Slater & Adam 2012) paradigm in 1960’s Jamaica, where within the confines « Sound systems were portable high fidelity playback equipment that was usually transported globe. One such case - particularly poignant to this thesis - resulted in the birth of a new musico https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4a79f3f-1752-48f9-8a97-3060972ecf28/1389580152.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett. "Attilio Gatti African Expedition" (1936). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a4b46609-727a-44ef-9017-29605811abf2/1363267018.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c08c655e-375d-4fc3-a4a0-d7bf8cedd03c/687707507e6af01dc3b10b77_IMG_0704.jpeg Instruments 'The Stolen Sound of Banjo', authored by Abdulmuqit Idowu, Deeds Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6dcd36b1-2b5c-40b4-81e8-b9a3a30f217b/Vintage+photo+Moroccan+Gnawa+musician_.jpg Instruments Gnawa musician playing a traditional three-stringed, guembri circa 1910. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6e57500b-d783-4df8-a28d-306a230fc520/David+Mvigni+joueur+de+ngwomi+au+village+Odjouma+dans+le+haut-ogoou%C3%A9+au+Gabon.jpg Instruments Atege man playing the olo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7f7dcb7-a6d9-4d39-8080-eac8a55d123d/+-7.jpg Instruments Gnawa musician, Madam' Bono, playing a guembri. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f65713c0-4040-423d-a64e-f07494a87c13/Life+as+it+goes+in+Uganda+-+Old+East+Africa+Postcards.jpg Instruments Mugandam blind musician playing the pipe on a postcard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770642694281-JB0QD9GDA7HVZDT8V8AW/%2B-4.jpg Instruments Begena, often called "King David's harp," used for prayer, reflection, and spiritual meditation.  https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46440386-9aa2-45c6-a752-9fa0a9a843c7/+-9.jpg Instruments North African woman with tambourine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e5a4f720-a7de-488d-9407-8a4f7fcfca4b/Photographic+Print_+Voo+Doo+Drums%2C+Haiti+Poster+by+Harry+Hamilton+Johnston+_+24x18in.jpg Instruments Voodoo drums in Haiti. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69eea123-825d-45ef-bf26-f9d6288152fd/Kenya+Kavirondo+Music+Instrument.jpg Instruments North African boy playing the kissar. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/588378fb-faa4-48bf-bfad-8e1e2483c9d7/Uganda+harp_.jpg Instruments Ugandan boy playing the Adungu. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/47624d75-c9d1-48cd-ae61-f5b99753c2a4/68770779977e706036ce9275_IMG_0705.jpeg Instruments 'The Stolen Sound of Banjo', authored by Abdulmuqit Idowu, Deeds Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e4d6e13-1dfd-4926-8908-e6fea54e9b93/Drum-Band-WI-Regiment-The-Caribbean-Photo-Archive-Archive-Farms-Inc.ppm.png Instruments 'Drum Band W.I. Regiment', The Caribbean Photo Archive, Archive Farms Inc. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90dad65e-316d-43fc-8170-80b001d4e67d/9812052_orig.jpg Instruments Luba people from the Congo, playing mouth bows https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d70fe4c8-e093-4971-9d56-14ff64e8fa96/7610092.png Instruments Mouth bow player, Angola. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c154ff9f-747e-4dba-bdcf-68c5fd072615/5575452_orig.jpg Instruments Dan musician from Ivory Coast, playing mouth bow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/39377cb3-7017-419e-8064-a3f74d9d22d8/3159524_orig.jpg Instruments San (Bushmen) man playing mouth bow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/73998184-5322-4d05-b133-c341c6eb4977/1786180_orig.jpg Instruments Two women playing musical bows, most likely from South Africa, late 19th century. One with calabash resonator bow, the other a mouth bow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/caf2666e-57ae-42db-a2cf-b20278f9e013/455484_orig.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bb17bafa-73d7-4362-9001-9f6868c59a38/997052_orig.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/26e6458e-8d3e-4926-8960-c7b36c8d6cb6/3198150.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8670da34-7502-4034-a7e7-28c6c7e31ee1/4289990.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett. "Nigeria: talking drums group." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/39a23790-b70f-4d1a-ae2e-604125cb6a4c/5727630.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/20a08564-306c-4f49-8e62-4118cc3e9904/6224738.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ae59f02f-f2a0-4abc-adbd-0b770572aa15/7091104.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett. " Old postcard from Sudan." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e2507e5-1043-4d3c-abd6-39ecefdbfe73/7943143.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a4a0cd9b-b3d5-4b31-b35d-9198175eadda/8436982.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b638d16-86c3-4d53-9a92-44e23899ec21/1363156197.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff9d1758-940e-49b4-be70-f14f7ccfa3d7/1363158094.jpg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d98f3305-ae37-4713-a6fc-3ceb2dc9c2e1/583ecaeacf8148bc5fcc4e93ad2c670f.gif Instruments Cuba # 1742 - VG - Traditional Music Instruments - Bonko Enchemiya Drum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b3aad3b-979f-44a5-84b0-228547e8b560/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+5.36.38+PM.png Instruments The History of Reggae. Stuart Kallen. Farmington Hills, MI. The Thompson Gale Corporation. 2006 Race, Class, and Political Symbols/Rastafari and Jamaican Politics. Anita Waters. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Transaction Books. 1985 Kingston, Jamaica. Wikipedia. Sept 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica. Sept 17, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fed0f526-0f42-4bf4-91c8-2b612c80f2fc/wandering.jpeg Instruments People with Drums (Africa - South America - Caribbean), Vintage photos, via Polarity Records Blog / Samm Bennett (1925) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/63f471b6-36c8-4cb0-a5c9-24a8b1195c91/+-5.jpg Instruments Trumpets of Boussa (kakaki, a traditional royal instrument used by the Hausa, Yoruba, and Nupe people, as well as in Chad, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Nigeria). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/202854a1-4a5a-4ed5-9c3f-e53e14539bd5/+-6.jpg Instruments East African lyre made from a gourd and antelope horns. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/272138ad-490e-4e63-980b-743118eff017/inanga-+traditional+rwandese+instrument.jpg Instruments Man playing the inanga. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f5de7101-0264-4e27-ba43-aad91a369c89/Balaphone-Senegal.jpg Instruments Balaphone player in Senegal on a postcard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97b48003-36bc-4805-a170-bfe320cb1eb5/+-10.jpg Instruments Musician in Tunis with a guembri. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/723e37a9-165b-41a0-a7c5-18c72a1c77aa/Fig.+3..jpg Instruments Jamaican music group, the Jolly Boys, with guitar, banjo and rhumba box. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9dbc041c-e1f2-4247-a937-d661b39ac8e4/+-12.jpg Instruments Sudan man playing an oud. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/21b31cb6-9bdc-448e-aab2-dd2645f3c701/Louis+Hostalier+%28Senegal%29+%7C+West+Africa+%28Senegal%29+Dakar%E2%80%94Native+griot+with+his+guitar+%5BAfrique+Occidentale+%28S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal%29+Dakar%E2%80%94Griot+indig%C3%A8ne+avec+sa+guitare%5D+%7C+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art.jpg Instruments Griot from Senegal who is holding a kora. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a5d20cdf-a825-4a81-9b3f-a58b3e61cc00/6877076671095b03e4611177_IMG_0706.jpeg Instruments 'The Stolen Sound of Banjo', authored by Abdulmuqit Idowu, Deeds Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5bd0d58a-0704-4724-a958-89ee7db91f32/Screenshot+2025-08-20+at+5.37.06+PM.png Instruments The History of Reggae. Stuart Kallen. Farmington Hills, MI. The Thompson Gale Corporation. 2006 Race, Class, and Political Symbols/Rastafari and Jamaican Politics. Anita Waters. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Transaction Books. 1985 Kingston, Jamaica. Wikipedia. Sept 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica. Sept 17, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/431b2d92-c925-462c-8eb8-3b18bce59194/hommes+alg%C3%A9riens.jpg Instruments Northa Arab snake charmers, in Tangier, Morocco, playing the algaita and a hand drum. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/anthropology daily 0.75 2026-01-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/406c281f-860c-4661-9853-79566e004e08/519JBHqkt9L._UF1000%2C1000_QL80_.jpg Anthropology Myths and legends of the Bantu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/23d9993b-4e1f-4e3a-8aaf-f240e53b1497/images-of-aboriginal-australians-1773-1901-the-royal-.jpg Anthropology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a4dc2d62-5d81-433e-9df5-fd8bd23f5eec/9781333988760-uk-300.jpg Anthropology The Origin of the Bantu: A Preliminary Study https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60e3aedc-0b8e-437f-86b7-48cb7b84fdbb/Screenshot_20251126-161908%7E2.png Anthropology Black Folks In Cities Here and There Changing Patterns of Domination and Response by Andrew H. Maxwell https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76f7bede-6701-4ec7-a5dd-77b9f66c5917/bantusociologyby00nass.jpg Anthropology Bantu Sociology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8183dee7-8289-43aa-b38f-e8dd45d53be6/default.jpg Anthropology Anthropological notes on Bantu natives from Portuguese East Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/687bcc74-4af7-4b4b-bfa4-4e5a42cd95b6/Screenshot_20251126-161922%7E2.png Anthropology Black Homeland Black Diaspora Cross-Currents of the African Relationship by Jacob Drachler https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e9e3432-d449-44b7-8028-b32856a066f5/615NHyy3aLL.jpg Anthropology The yellow and dark-skinned people of Africa south of the Zambesi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07536cfd-7e7f-49bd-8919-3f6134f95917/Screenshot_20251126-161948%7E2.png Anthropology BLACK ANTHROPOLOGY:Part 2 "AFRICAN GODS IN THE AMERICAS THE BLACK RELIGIOUS CONTINUUM" by Sheila S. Walker https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c782f406-1044-4245-b1cd-28717e01c5cb/81kuhyOivoL.jpg Anthropology The Bantu, Past and Present, an ethnographic & historical study of the Native races of South Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c01401bc-388d-4213-b88d-04497a1b4072/Screenshot_20251126-161847%7E3.png Anthropology BLACK ANTHROPOLOGY: Part 2 Letters to "THE BLACK SCHOLAR" by Amiri Baraka, Otis D. Alexander et.al https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/further-black-subject-matters-essays-and-articles daily 0.75 2026-01-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a65e9ffc-d3d8-4f75-b2c0-b6fcf7974ce8/IMG_20250829_161411.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/02cfea6c-b972-48de-813a-986a7e47a28b/IMG_20250829_174631.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/02cfea6c-b972-48de-813a-986a7e47a28b/IMG_20250829_174631.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7245f7d6-da70-48fb-9b51-f6260b4e96a4/IMG_20250829_174613.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/206e61d8-49f8-4fb4-89aa-ec8865700fc7/IMG_20250829_174645.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f74d560-a40b-4f44-b8cc-0f2707a20f26/Screenshot+2026-01-14+at+17.57.30.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b7b7c774-3a87-4dae-91d6-6ab0298aaa8a/IMG_20250829_161433.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/700a6768-2b7b-463d-9abd-739bf603fcc5/IMG_20250829_181545.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60dfa993-9a4a-4f2c-a5fd-bea22d77f023/IMG_20250829_161351.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aa1abbe7-3c6c-41a0-8e9b-5a2d1c66928b/Screenshot+2026-01-14+at+17.31.26.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/the-kwegu daily 0.75 2025-09-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9601a017-229f-49a0-bb58-80be83f62b8e/371103927f534992b6e6f6fe0e5a5f7a_408_413.jpeg The Kwegu Kwegu-Mugugi Ethnography https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e61aa32-212d-4dfd-a1f5-75e893799365/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.10.19+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu woman feeds her newborn baby - Omo Valley (End of Days – The Last of The Omo Valley Tribes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/785296aa-83ef-445e-aba9-855db0bda1c8/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.11.21+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu men in dugout canoe on the Omo River 2 - colour (End of Days – The Last of The Omo Valley Tribes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2b8ee6a-4473-4459-b929-4c59c4eafd00/Kwegu_Girl_%2848792831742%29.jpg The Kwegu Kwegu Girl, South Ethiopia, Rod Waddington https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8bb1a2ae-c3f2-4244-b1d3-ed5d3f844608/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.24.10+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu Woman, South Ethiopia, Rod Waddington https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06046c4d-6544-4ebb-8848-d05fb68df0e7/Kwegu_Tribe%2C_Sth_Ethiopia.jpg The Kwegu A group of kwegu people in Ethiopia (2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5bfd5f8e-fb3f-475b-a6d2-5fe241428cfd/kwegu-tribe-ethiopia.webp The Kwegu The Kwegu in Ethiopia's Lower Omo Valley are starving because of the destruction of their forest and the death of the Omo river © SURVIVAL INTERNATIONAL https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/987dc773-e058-4070-b9e2-d1602940708b/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.10.54+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu boy in dugout canoe on the Omo River (End of Days – The Last of The Omo Valley Tribes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d01ebd6f-0d07-475d-af7a-b6774d03f765/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.11.48+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu boatman 2 - colour An African gondolier punts his dugout down the Omo River (End of Days – The Last of The Omo Valley Tribes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97854eb0-8c22-41c5-a5ed-ea869a23c9fb/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.22.59+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu Mother, Omo, Ethiopia, Rod Waddington https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cbf87e42-232f-440c-94dd-cfc83a2662c7/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.24.48+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu Woman, South Ethiopia, Rod Waddington https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/baf9be28-3235-4d70-b342-1da9ebde9ca3/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+8.46.23+AM.png The Kwegu "The Kwegu, also known as Muguji, are an indigenous tribe in Ethiopia's Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, specifically inhabiting the banks of the Omo River. They are known for their hunter-gathering and agro-fishery lifestyle, and some also practice beekeeping. The Kwegu are one of the smaller tribes in the Omo Valley, living in small villages along the Mago River, sometimes mingling with the Mursi and Karo tribes." via @abrahamkinfu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/afaf38bd-073d-4a51-a41a-c3daf2b3bde2/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.27.48+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu Woman, South Ethiopia, Rod Waddington https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af63137c-6503-4842-b7fe-4e4521686ae4/Screenshot+2025-09-03+at+10.12.16+AM.png The Kwegu Kwegu boatman - colour African gondolier punts his dugout down the Omo River (End of Days – The Last of The Omo Valley Tribes) https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/maasai daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68c4c104-a0b6-483f-bdf0-edcefc79eed9/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.39.29+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 15 "Mother with Children.") https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1d267deb-5d6f-441e-8955-4ee759ca073a/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.39.59+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 15 "Warriors dancing during the boys' initiation ceremony.") https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5d45c978-7877-4495-939c-385871e2f78f/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.37.53+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 8, Geographical distribution of the pastoral Maasai) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e749cd78-9429-47f0-b679-5aa5d5812a9e/youngMasaitribeswoman.jpg Maasai A Young Masai Tribeswoman, Full Length, Wearing Much Jewellery. Photograph, ca.1900. Wellcome Collection, JSTOR, https://jstor.org/stable/community.24906008. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/44c1f5a1-ba4c-4aaf-b61e-e8091c7fcd74/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.43.31+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 26, "A pastoral scene: herdsmen and small stock leaving for pasture in the early morning.") https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/332c7588-7f16-43b6-b300-6be741279860/1.JPG Maasai The Maasai 1970s. Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7643ce8-4198-47ae-8058-ca7c53e3f702/English-FouryoungMasai.jpg Maasai Four Young Masai Men, Carrying Spears, Standing beside a Train. Photograph, ca.1900. photoprint. Wellcome Collection, JSTOR, https://jstor.org/stable/community.24906003. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3bcffa1f-6b28-43c1-a3a1-76690058ae71/casualties-of-conservation-0000649-v22n5-1430763270.jpg Maasai Vice: The Ecotourism Industry Is Saving Tanzania’s Animals and Threatening Its Indigenous People By Jean Friedman-Rudovsky May 12, 2015. Photo by Noah Friedman-Rudovsky. https://www.vice.com/en/article/casualties-of-conservation-0000649-v22n5/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fe703e6c-3352-46c8-bdcb-013c3cee5add/Maasai+Elders.jpg Maasai Maasai Elders via Masai Mara Travel. https://www.masaimara.travel/maasai-tribe-facts.php https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/67743a50-ea96-4336-aaf2-57e9207ef32a/masai-03.jpg Maasai Maasai Moran Warriors via Masai Mara Travel. https://www.masaimara.travel/maasai-tribe-facts.php https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1964573b-1d17-4591-a5df-8324601a2daf/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.12.46+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 52) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c69279ad-4b23-45a7-a1a6-2d02d964fbe8/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.17.11+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 46) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6da25641-4d1d-45e2-8d3f-ec8865d3d966/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.25.33+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 27/28) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0bd0adcd-ee4a-4b6f-b4f2-6acaf1340186/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.31.16+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 52) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1901ff6-3aa8-44cc-a853-834f7489cb15/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.30.38+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 24) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f5b2e13-ca01-4c5d-a9ba-6e665134d68e/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.37.57+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 18) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c325748-5b39-4841-a129-e5e364a144c7/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.44.49+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 10) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/764b8312-44a3-4265-8710-567afebe64b6/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.43.40+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 12) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/784afe60-98da-4b2e-a59c-c67e305d6106/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.58.00+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 4) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c12b58bd-9447-4b40-83b7-6c5bf5984782/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.22.01+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 120) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1757111308658-2A1W04KJOTLGF4HYF07H/Screenshot%2B2025-09-05%2Bat%2B11.22.58%2BPM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905.(Page 186) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/64be3491-60b9-4da2-8ede-a62e1229a5cf/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.30.12+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 170) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1757111858133-RU2CZT8YFJKYFE5L8OAB/Screenshot%2B2025-09-05%2Bat%2B11.33.55%2BPM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 224) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/41f37acb-809b-479c-9697-fffa42a12549/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.35.59+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 308) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b31b950f-aa57-4f88-85e6-7e04f2d3b2a8/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.43.12+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 384) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d37ce2ef-0d1f-4fff-b543-feb8bb3540fd/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.15.04+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 6) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/735be708-ffd4-4d94-8f3e-1a641812c665/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.17.38+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 8) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/632a6783-4e85-488c-ab14-3a52d558bd90/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.19.27+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 10) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2cac6c23-7bf0-4ac2-a7c0-c368fd2a9b37/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.22.03+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 12) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/987c0e15-2750-4874-a8ae-e4a889944038/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.24.32+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 16) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/91e4f133-d05e-4b02-af71-b7a2968343be/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.29.15+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 18) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/edb57562-56fd-4b7e-b323-ad2d4d116e81/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.32.25+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 36) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c94ad0a-d15f-49d1-bc6e-5db2c0ab1def/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.35.15+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 44) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/918e3902-126f-41cd-85af-0c208e4d8aa7/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+6.32.23+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 62-68) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6c5119d-17c0-43e1-954f-7243b7922a18/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+6.50.47+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 180) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38d20ff5-20ad-4be8-a3a0-bb779069255d/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.08.37+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 224) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9e7c2a8-cfc4-445a-8374-2dc49c50a6b6/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.07.43+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 230) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/11e97238-df93-4d2c-b868-571369f7978d/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.08.11+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 232) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5f83eccb-19df-446c-895d-8e8cfcaefdb7/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.09.29+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 234) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb4a1c86-ea69-495e-8686-793b33451724/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.34.00+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 222) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/343d351b-a2ad-4e7a-8fe2-f9d17b49193b/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.41.00+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 206) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8f10a47-b7ce-468b-ad98-89abf03496a3/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.54.49+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 168) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1670df69-61f2-4972-9b45-2e846a6755e1/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.57.33+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 164) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8bbc64b8-f340-4433-b443-65efa1c92c70/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.57.51+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 162) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3dcca075-c280-4a0b-a9b7-a6819f253ef4/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.58.14+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 158) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1eb1a912-0a05-4405-a561-dbbe0adf64b4/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.11.00+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f98aed23-1e9f-405c-a656-c778c4e3bbc6/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.11.44+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c2bfcda-f310-4451-943f-3a608df19381/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.16.42+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5d2e98e8-cb6a-4d1a-84bc-94596c079955/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.17.44+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/75891556-da66-4a8f-91cc-869b6f7b8e47/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.12.25+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/03c656c8-d957-43d2-a5fd-7555d6d90f65/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.13.01+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a9519637-9ee1-468f-919c-508120849946/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.12.04+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5796a55b-1957-4d32-8cc7-b3a4b8c38545/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.13.22+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e9d13c2d-212a-4c29-b74f-fb9c0d3a1ae6/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.14.56+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/93166ea7-61a0-4181-853f-343990f7ec57/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.44.17+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 32, Tanzanian Maasailand today) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f562edd-a6af-4a8b-9006-2f94ac479f8f/youngMasaitribeswoman-ca+1900.jpg Maasai A Young Masai Tribeswoman, Wearing Much Jewellery. Photograph, ca.1900. ca. 1900. Wellcome Collection, JSTOR, https://jstor.org/stable/community.24906006. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6694af8d-cb0b-4757-ad75-2abce700b0b6/youngMasaitribesman.jpg Maasai A young Masai tribesman, wearing a very large earring. Photograph, ca.1900. Image and original data provided by Wellcome Collection. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.24906007. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d2166cde-6745-449b-befd-e2520befc279/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.46.53+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 60, "Warriors with cattle waiting for their turn at the cattle dip.") https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e7e0940b-71bf-4b53-a311-6c4e59d367d8/8.jpeg Maasai Women selling jewelry 1970s. Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5fa47d47-87fd-4228-b632-3821e0c825ef/German-EastAfricaMasai-%5Bbetween+1900+and+1909%3F%5D.jpg Maasai East Africa: A Masai Woman Wearing Heavy Armlets, Ear-Lobe Distenders, Necklets Etc. Process Print, 190-. 1 print : process print, [between 1900 and 1909?]. Wellcome Collection, JSTOR, https://jstor.org/stable/community.36635310. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b1f8736-aba0-4507-8ee3-eda1497b9edb/Maasai+Ceremonial+Dance.jpg Maasai Maasai Ceremonial Dance via Masai Mara Travel. https://www.masaimara.travel/maasai-tribe-facts.php https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7457a986-6d04-442d-8a5c-6065cd8d25b2/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.18.32+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 36) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/12b57285-59fb-4f90-b38a-18251fe5623d/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.21.11+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 30) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e913c3d-86c1-49c5-b888-02edb1f6eb54/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.32.04+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 23) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2248f974-9bbd-4a30-a1de-37661a16e11a/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.38.54+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 14) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bce85599-1ea4-4765-a8c6-35876220e8ee/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.45.22+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 8) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/473751fc-9360-4cff-babd-4cb04ed4677b/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.49.26+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 40) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d350bd4-9a84-4748-a41f-a1ed4e11909a/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.09.09+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 20 - Masai elder wearing a fur coat which is supposed to resemble a cobras hood.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ad292b7b-8717-4e8d-b933-a349ce19d06d/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.21.04+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 102) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30c876a1-e012-404a-b38f-84dcae756ae3/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.30.45+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 224) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5bbc3c0f-85df-4bf2-a946-9f7ba3e0fa60/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.36.26+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 308) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27981448-99ff-4e74-8158-c2fd5b993480/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.44.01+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 384) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/51ee7f38-d79d-4a0c-bc9a-473c2f7f019e/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.09.32+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 4) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7517643-1fa9-4ea6-8258-9df24b1cb2d3/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.29.50+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 20) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7127423a-9474-43ba-8b39-9bffac510621/Screenshot+2025-09-06+at+2.35.39+AM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 46) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/82de093c-b064-4cfa-bbf8-e6bca7dbe87e/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.09.01+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 226) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e0064f1-d888-4da3-8f7a-6cb8b7cdfc3f/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.41.44+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 208) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7c0b060e-c306-4dec-b83f-3d88ead6c64d/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.50.18+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 202) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dddaf66c-2647-426d-a8e3-bd5d483d4de4/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.11.22+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/982ae7e8-0347-454d-ab24-f6f07baa1825/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.17.05+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a5bf58ce-b1bf-489d-aae1-645044f14f77/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.18.25+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c70bfbd-62dc-4576-9503-08f2d57e2dbc/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.13.47+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b6e045b-f821-4106-aedd-95dc2be3f31b/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.40.31+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 21 "Inside the homestead, enkang. The fence of the cattle kraal is seen on the right.") https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/afdcc309-0a65-4950-9d7d-408ed227f331/MasaiWarriors.jpg Maasai Masai Warriors. Wellcome Collection, JSTOR, https://jstor.org/stable/community.24797864. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/407c8eea-2929-43ff-8599-0e032fb76005/Maasai+Feeding+Habits.jpg Maasai Maasai Feeding Habits via Masai Mara Travel. https://www.masaimara.travel/maasai-tribe-facts.php https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fac17b81-9e2d-473b-8779-379e233fc8e6/Maasai+Warrior+Hair+Style.jpg Maasai Maasai Warrior Hair Style via Masai Mara Travel. https://www.masaimara.travel/maasai-tribe-facts.php https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09bb0614-91f2-4c8d-aed9-a10efe860ee1/maasai-woman-and-cattle.jpg Maasai National Geographic. Maasai Woman and Cattle. "The Cattle Economy of the Maasai." Photograph by Ton Koene. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/cattle-economy-maasai/. https://www.maasai-association.org https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2b665a4-7411-45fc-a60c-b88faebd9df1/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.23.26+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 26) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c2470568-3266-45c6-9454-04f3aa8ddda6/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+10.40.05+PM.png Maasai Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. Maasai. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1994. (Page 14) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9e495cb-868d-4f33-964c-01cd4705bb63/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+11.16.48+PM.png Maasai Hollis, Sir Alfred Claud. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Introduction by Sir Charles Eliot. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905. (Page 34 - Masai warriors of various 'ages' and 'districts' each with the shield of his 'age' and 'district') https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c9d628b-3df5-4e0a-ab58-89277fad5acd/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+6.33.58+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 62-68) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0214be56-c708-4d83-a282-6951515a3835/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+7.50.58+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 202) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5f5b9d7-f226-49f1-baf3-92128e10b70d/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.14.16+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7fca3d9-5fbc-4c5e-b1c7-71e842dee6f4/maasai-02.jpg Maasai Traditional Clothing of Maasai; Maasai Shuka's via Masai Mara Travel. https://www.masaimara.travel/maasai-tribe-facts.php https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7cf54c91-b9a5-416b-8ef1-523a6899b234/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+6.35.01+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. (Page 62-68) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/959d6da3-a323-4e98-9b36-edfc56f9c89e/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.44.57+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 37 "Woman milking in the morning.") https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/96d03eb6-aaef-4aec-9c58-58335e6779a8/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+8.45.57+PM.png Maasai Arhem, Kaj. 1985. The Maasai and the State: The Impact of Rural Development Policies on a Pastoral People in Tanzania. IWGIA Document 52. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. (Page 43 "Struggling against the wind in the Ngorongoro highlands: a family returning to the settlement area in the highlands from a temporary camp on the plains.") https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/22f5c96d-2f27-4246-85b4-6af1edaae18c/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.15.32+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c571fae1-6fe3-4619-bf56-e8240fba12e8/Screenshot+2025-09-07+at+8.15.53+PM.png Maasai Saitoti, Tepilit Ole. Maasai. Photographs by Carol Beckwith. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/271e128a-b2f8-49cc-b5ef-5350caddf189/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+22.31.12.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/herbalism-subject-matter daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5dd1fe8-16ec-4ded-b546-6d52b886d368/Screenshot+2025-07-18+at+18.04.04.png Herbalism Subject Matter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7302506b-e09d-4f50-8f3e-00c644a8b067/Screenshot+2026-03-31+at+8.48.55%E2%80%AFAM.png Herbalism Subject Matter The Herbal Medicine Picture in the Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a8e64423-e95a-4459-aff8-00463ada94bd/1000014247.jpg Herbalism Subject Matter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c126236-728d-46d4-86db-0b646e6e5ea5/1000014245.jpg Herbalism Subject Matter https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/lubabaluba-people daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/429e6240-58de-4537-9f17-8fa1510b4ae5/luba_01.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdfb8484-0470-4c2d-bae8-98eec76db259/luba_06.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b386540a-111a-4446-b193-ddda2abf3371/Luba_a.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a056b2b-6702-413c-8710-3ac7c2606ece/Luba_c.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b41514fa-af7c-4fed-add4-7925f90505f9/baluba-militiamen-1962.jpg Luba/Baluba People The Niemba Ambush https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d88f25f4-a104-4d2c-a010-0dc39387174b/Baluba-2.jpg Luba/Baluba People The Luba people https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68c8a1b3-814a-43c9-aec0-6713f90d4668/luba-kifwebe-mask.jpg Luba/Baluba People LUBA KIFWEBE MASK "African art and masks among the Luba For the Luba, Songye and Kalebwe, a mask is a kifwebe, a term given to African masks representing spirits and characterised by striations. Kifwebe masks embody supernatural forces. The Bwadi bwa kifwebe society used them to ward off disaster or other threats. The masks were complemented by a woven costume and a long raffia beard, and danced at various ceremonies. They are worn by men who act as policemen at the request of a leader or to intimidate the enemy." Tribal Art Collection Belgium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50f0d3d7-091a-4697-a382-00a4b94e607d/182757503_973030446853564_701677839610281339_n.jpg Luba/Baluba People The Luba People of DRC Congo "The Luba/Baluba people are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to the south-central region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They are indigenous to the Katanga, Kasai, and Maniema regions and the largest ethnic group in DRC with a population of about 14 million people. They consist of many sub-groups who speak various dialects of Luba (Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga) or other languages, such as Swahili. They are renowned for creating the powerful pre-colonial African kingdom of Luba in the marshy grasslands of the Upemba depression, known as the Baluba confederation. Baluba speak two distinct Bantu Luba languages known as Tisiluba/Luba-Kasai and Kiluba/Luba-Katanga. Luba-Kasai is spoken chiefly in the Kasai Occidental and Kasai Oriental provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and is widely used in education as well as churches. On the other hand, Luba-Katanga is spoken mainly in the southeast area of the country around Kabongo, Kamina, Luena, Lubudi, Malemba Nkulu, Mulongo, Manono, Kaniama and mostly in Katanga areas. The Baluba were ruled by a king referred to as Mulopwe, which means sacred. The Kingdom was founded by King Nkongolo Mwamba in the 15th century and governed the clans through chiefs called Balopwe and nobles known as Bamfumus. The titles were perceived to be sacred and supernatural power was associated with the holders. This created a strict code of loyalty and respect for the crown. The ruling class were almost exclusively merchants who often held a monopoly in trade and used it to consolidate their power throughout Central Africa. The Mbudye (memory men) were the keepers of the Luba tradition and passed it along through oral means. They were allowed passage everywhere in the kingdom, even the royal palace, and had a supernatural authority, only second to the Mulopwe. However, the Luba kingdom was destroyed by the long-distance trade that they practised by the Nyamwezi people from Tanzania, under the leadership of their chief, Msiri. The Kingdom was raided for slaves and ivory but what led to the ultimate destruction was a succession dispute after the death of King Ilunga Kabale in 1874." Image: Luba chief with a throne, Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1989. Photo by Mary Nooter Roberts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dfd86ed2-6b90-4b5c-aab1-cd510f42583e/NATION-KILUBA-POST-14-1170x472.png Luba/Baluba People Baluba Civilization. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83b5834f-71b9-4ec3-85ad-c858f037901b/luba_02.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/716efe46-05b3-442e-813d-f1e30ddbbe49/luba_08.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d670ccbd-34cb-4a3a-a2bd-52dc5ec77dcc/Luba_b.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1bcd7d1e-2845-44e1-a1ee-b5cad50e42f5/luba_03.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/357f7078-b675-4731-b1ab-0722a7725395/Baluba-9.jpg Luba/Baluba People The Luba people https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9bce71e2-c0c5-4dc5-a8cb-71ad52b6d2c6/Baluba-6.jpg Luba/Baluba People The Luba people https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56513494-857b-4d02-82a8-5701388e863f/luba-kifwebe-mask+2.jpeg Luba/Baluba People LUBA KIFWEBE MASK "African art and masks among the Luba For the Luba, Songye and Kalebwe, a mask is a kifwebe, a term given to African masks representing spirits and characterised by striations. Kifwebe masks embody supernatural forces. The Bwadi bwa kifwebe society used them to ward off disaster or other threats. The masks were complemented by a woven costume and a long raffia beard, and danced at various ceremonies. They are worn by men who act as policemen at the request of a leader or to intimidate the enemy." Tribal Art Collection Belgium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5626a970-81c0-4b28-8f2f-b378f0cfe172/Mulopwe_of_the_Luba.jpg Luba/Baluba People "The Emperor Albert Kalonji, Mulopwe of the Baluba. Dressed in a suit, wearing a crown, he is seated on a throne surrounded by a large crowd. This solemn scene illustrates a key moment in Luba culture." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e174d00-fa42-4e62-821f-1aa6ea18b98a/HISTOIRE-1-1-1170x500.jpg Luba/Baluba People The Baluba https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d23f1e10-7cb2-426a-8697-e67f3b9b216d/luba_04.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c34d96fd-721b-4a3b-a9de-ce1cc654cf94/luba.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0e0d91c-9d73-4d3f-9dc6-11f51ee950dc/luba_05.jpg Luba/Baluba People Luba / Baluba People via 101 Last Tribes. Image Sources: Photo: © Joan Riera Baladas (2024) Pierre Petit - Everyculture.com Nalrc.indiana.edu Wikipedia.org Peoplegroups.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/00e6641a-2645-4208-8dc8-1d49bc7eb5ad/Baluba-7.jpg Luba/Baluba People The Luba people https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9f9b82a-a469-4237-a953-fd9d1d8fe6db/Baluba-8.jpg Luba/Baluba People The Luba people, Twito-Kilukwe, a Luba Chief, 1930s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee742d15-0dd3-422b-ae7a-da8a7deb8ed4/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.20.33.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-britain-archives daily 0.75 2025-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c12c63de-efbc-402a-bc38-c5af6fe7c144/1000017989.jpg Black Britain Archives Newspaper article from the Southern Daily Echo [Southampton] entitled ‘700 work- wanting Jamaicans arrive at Southampton’, 3 May 1954. From The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/18576e63-39c8-45a1-9ede-66da63abc8b1/1000017991.png Black Britain Archives 'Fourteen-year-old Leonard Blackett of Bute Town or Tiger Bay paints a scene from Hamlet, 1950’. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9dff414f-504f-48ad-af3c-3915c8fb6def/1000017993.png Black Britain Archives Twin brothers Peter and Fred (aged thirteen) during a break in a training session at Woodford Bridge, Essex, 10 April 1959. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8b61c2f9-5606-44b9-861e-40ca6221df95/1000017995.png Black Britain Archives ‘West Indians queuing for the final test match at the oval, South London, 22 August 1963’. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b2f0fde3-9316-4ce6-8767-3d92741ab4b6/1000018087.jpg Black Britain Archives Picture of the BPM's Freedom News, from "From migrant to settler and the making of a Black community: an autoethnographic account" by Bryan (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4c7b679-ddd6-4fd8-83be-c35569870a65/1000018089.jpg Black Britain Archives Cover of "Speak Out" by the Brixton Black Women's Group - from "From migrant to settler and the making of a Black community: an autoethnographic account" by Bryan (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e48713e-4f59-49d3-86ce-1b04636a24fa/1000018095.jpg Black Britain Archives Rear face of a Holborn Trades Council leaflet promoting a 1943 anti-discrimination meeting, and citing the cases of Amelia King and Learie Constantine. Londoners' Protest Meeting Against Racial Discrimination (leaflet), 1943, Amelia King, Women's Land Army. Londoners' Protest Meeting Against Racial Discrimination (leaflet)̠, 1943; Trades Union Congress, "Colour Problem: Race Relations", 1944-1960, Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/746c7c98-e0b5-4636-8da8-723796d13f7c/1000018097.webp Black Britain Archives The Negro World. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/607ef0d0-83d4-4092-b6fd-efe5d96abd84/1000018101.jpg Black Britain Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66cf0bef-dfe3-4c3b-99e4-71c899657175/1000018100.webp Black Britain Archives Black Voice, paper of the Black Unity and Freedom Party (BUFP). Vol.6, No1, 1975. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e407b761-2259-4073-ae2a-6b6fbdffa239/1000018103.jpg Black Britain Archives The Leveller, issue No. 54. From Black Cultural Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c4b40c0-6df5-4ac5-be94-8ffb4a01182a/1000018105.jpg Black Britain Archives Cover of the book "How the West Indian Child Is Made Educationally Subnormal in the British School System" by Bernard Coard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f3cb5792-049a-4f16-94c9-646e8c170ca6/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+5.38.55+PM.png Black Britain Archives Speak Out Pamphlet Black Women's Group Brixton Black Cultural Archives, London UK. The newsletter of the Black Women's Group Brixton. Issues no. 1 to 4. Details Title: Speak Out Pamphlet Creator: Black Women's Group Brixton Date Created: c1980-1985 Location Created: United Kingdom Provenance: From the papers of Stella Dadzie External Link: Black Cultural Archives Theme: Politics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f898f2b-2f43-4af0-a3b6-ce4fbcd575d5/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+5.49.07+PM.png Black Britain Archives The Blackman Vol.2 No.4 (Apr/May 1970) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4722225d-9acf-4382-b74f-5904899720a3/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+5.50.19+PM.png Black Britain Archives The Dominica Star Vol. 11 No. 21 (21 November 1970) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e4a63aa-8050-44d9-8707-dc7eea9236c6/1000017990.jpg Black Britain Archives Newspaper article from the Express and Star [Wolverhampton] 9 August 1956. From The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2b9bfd7a-20d1-4053-8ddc-c92abd8fa321/1000017992.png Black Britain Archives ‘Girls being taught bread making at the Aylwin Comprehensive School for Girls, Bermondsey, 5th November 1971’. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3974ab40-8a80-4164-8f55-3aa7466f5031/1000017997.jpg Black Britain Archives Newsletter entitled ‘Black People’s News Service’ published by the British Black Panther Party, the largest Black Power group in Britain, 1970. From The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3dba0584-10f4-459f-8bf2-bb0c52475583/1000017994.png Black Britain Archives ‘West Indians queuing for the final test match at the oval, South London, 22 August 1963’. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e9fbad82-966a-4573-8235-0b85892f5274/1000017996.png Black Britain Archives ‘Teenagers outside the Clyp Youth Club, 1978’. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9bbe360a-bcbf-445e-8b31-8a2ed2700604/1000018088.jpg Black Britain Archives Article from BLACK VOICE - from "From migrant to settler and the making of a Black community: an autoethnographic account" by Bryan (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/98794082-fb20-4bba-bfc6-20fd705e2c4e/1000018090.jpg Black Britain Archives Black Power in Britain, published by the Universal Coloured People’s Association (UCPA), 1967. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9bfa434d-d87c-4ceb-841f-05df97b38ef8/1000018093.jpg Black Britain Archives Manifesto titled "Our Aims & Objects" from the Universal Coloured Peoples Association (UCPA). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6473fa39-3e41-475e-b5ff-bc4c13db4a53/1000018092.jpg Black Britain Archives A leaflet from the Black Panther Movement in Britain, advertising a "National Conference on the Rights of Black People in Britain" , 1971 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/51621d8c-c045-4798-b009-013325fc64b8/1000018099.webp Black Britain Archives 1973 issue of Grass Root. From The National Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97b7b8de-c84e-4a49-a62e-fae4c80028c1/1000018102.jpg Black Britain Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/12d33988-2d0a-44bf-b562-93ccce8d53dc/1000018104.jpg Black Britain Archives Black Echoes music paper dated 24 February 1979. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf844684-04c6-4408-a670-7177d952d79b/1000018106.jpg Black Britain Archives Flyer for the Ahfiwe School, a supplementary school in Brixton, London. From Black Cultural Archives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fd1afc1-5bc1-4d42-85fa-138300780207/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+5.49.32+PM.png Black Britain Archives Black Life - Brixton published by the Black Panther Movement (16 March 1973) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c5b0f2f8-3ff7-42a2-8f4a-041eeb974066/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+5.51.01+PM.png Black Britain Archives New World Quarterly (Croptime 1966) https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/sudan daily 0.75 2025-10-02 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/pokot daily 0.75 2025-10-02 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/aboriginal-australian-tribes daily 0.75 2026-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee5d300a-8231-4809-b2dc-6d4966dd2d22/d1_14135h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Photograph of "Nellie", considered at that time the last person of the Nepean community. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eee18ddd-59c0-4037-a174-4fd849c25240/a2240004h_0.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Photo of a man, standing full length wearing headdress and fur rug. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b2d1c407-9a86-4e53-a494-704e9a0095ec/a2240009h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Staged photo of a man, seated, wearing feather headdress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c40503bc-efec-44d8-a264-3a7184a6e73a/a2240012h+%281%29.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Staged photo of two women, seated full length, with two children by a bark shelter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e278f26-51e4-4cbf-96d1-ac3d1b4b8eb2/a1348003h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Image of a group of warriors with spears, posing on a beach. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c84ace3a-96dd-4543-96cd-d552f4963c32/exhibition-item-fit-560h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Photograph - Aboriginal man holding a broad shield, Antoine Fauchery and Richard Daintree (photographers), c. 1858, State Library Victoria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4c3e523d-a421-4ab6-8fa2-b988811ef200/Aboriginal_woman_in_a_kangaroo_skin_cloak_carrying_a_child%2C_South_Australia%2C_ca._1860.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal woman in a kangaroo skin cloak carrying a child, South Australia, ca. 1860. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eff52dad-e7c8-49c2-a3e9-9f163a84d1f6/055_Dinjimanne_wife_daughter_w480.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Dinjimanne and family, South of Mt Woodroffe, south-central Musgrave Ranges, South Australia Photo by Herbert Basedow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9eb33df7-d2c4-466c-9078-ec2f35ee977c/Aboriginal_boy_with_turkey_-_NTL_PH0116-0004.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal boy with turkey https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8a1b3eca-475a-47bd-8c3d-21d213e19bed/Aboriginal+man+Photograph+by+Pre+Eighteenth+Cetury+-+Aboriginal+man+Fine+Art+Prints+and+Posters+for+Sale.jfif Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal man Photograph by Pre Eighteenth Cetury https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dcd128dc-650b-4c17-a789-83bb2120f57c/Truganini_+The+life+story+of+the+last+surviving+Tasmanian+Aboriginal+_+The+Vintage+News.jfif Aboriginal Australian Tribes Truganini: The life story of the last surviving Tasmanian Aboriginal | The Vintage News https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d1b8d5c6-b679-4b8b-a22a-87d63f3c72f3/Jack-Britten-BW2.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dce1e77b-767c-47f5-a05f-63e8f6ed3df2/A_lesson_in_spinning_string%2C_Central_Australia._Wellcome_M0013694.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes A lesson in spinning string, Central Australia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d86148d-8cc0-4498-96e9-22b6f1538fdd/p1_00001h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Studio portrait of Biddy of Maitland, ca. 1875 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8020441b-f765-4fdb-8907-46511e7e9558/a2240003h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes mage of a bearded man, seated with loin cloth and some weapons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3156ec7d-b2d9-4cde-bb64-40c069a3a01a/a2240007h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Photo showing a man seated with breastplate and boomerangs, with two women by a bark shelter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62a02fde-be30-41e2-a63c-4fa4bcc51ee0/a2240010h_0.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Photo of young woman, wearing fur headdress and a necklace https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1bea6d66-d2fd-4c0b-8991-411ef2c11536/bcp_06797h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66e3cf08-64b9-4961-85e8-2de0260a50a5/exhibition-item-fit-560h+%282%29.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Photograph - Aboriginals' farm near Mount Franklin, Antoine Fauchery and Richard Daintree (photographers), c. 1858, State Library of Victoria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bf14a5de-73d3-49c8-b598-b4e883e90f8c/Aboriginal_man_with_painted_shield%2C_boomerangs_and_dead_snake%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia._ca._1905.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal man with painted shield, boomerangs and dead snake, New South Wales, Australia. ca. 1905 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/878bad16-2377-481b-9bce-9349e17fc288/A_group_of_Aboriginal_men_in_possum_skin_cloaks_and_blankets_in_1858_at_Penshurst_in_Victoria.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes A group of Aboriginal men in possum-skin cloaks and blankets, 1858, Penshurst, Victoria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4904a66-8d36-4bcc-a7a1-5c0523719868/%23aboriginalhistory+%23australianhistory.jfif Aboriginal Australian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6ceae9a-7e65-4084-8a06-e134f5896f7f/Australia+1902_+Woman+with+possum.jfif Aboriginal Australian Tribes Australia 1902. Woman with possum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c507a53c-6663-41fe-92af-9597da6fe0fb/25376643823_4d0af3c963_b.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ecc5b651-bcd2-410a-a13d-d23a292ec187/peggy-patrick-aboriginal-ceremonial-dancing.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/965908f2-3da2-4bfa-ac2c-6a49dd677ce2/a4176086h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Blanket (Aboriginal man), photographed by Morris & Billing London Saloon at 251 Pitt Street, Sydney (ca. 1865-1866). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e44afa9b-d9df-471e-bf41-332702005bcc/d1_15774h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Photograph of Patty, or Cooneana (Ringtailed Opossum). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36df613e-ed14-4fc0-93a3-90fead53b676/exhibition-item-fit-560h+%283%29.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Photograph - Women and children in possum skins, Antoine Fauchery and Richard Daintree (photographers), c. 1858, State Library Victoria https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60d428fe-5ac7-40c0-a565-161f44cc2c96/Aboriginal_man_making_boomerang%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia%2C_ca._1905.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal man making boomerang, New South Wales, Australia, ca. 1905. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e9c1f10-4591-49ee-8eba-01d5fcb559ba/Aboriginal_boy_holding_two_infant_wallabies_or_kangaroos_-_NTL_PH0340-0077.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal boy holding two infant wallabies or kangaroos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8a3cf41b-fb79-4585-b786-e7622149a806/Australia_+Arnhem+land+Rock+Art.jfif Aboriginal Australian Tribes Australia: Arnhem land Rock Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06bbe84a-4a2a-4e83-b275-3fdc80e94b7c/download+%282%29.jfif Aboriginal Australian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/95e2306a-dfae-4f61-9c18-2bc1a155a197/Megafauna_rock_art_701d164e-0473-4d3c-bf60-b314e16adab3_600x600.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal rock painting of Megafauna, Quinkan rock art, Laura, QLD https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cdfee8c1-536f-40e3-a43b-70884d76c2a9/aboriginal-dancers-from-warmun.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90060b63-90d5-422f-ab5e-15163a830efb/Aboriginal_child_asleep_in_a_wooden_dish%2C_central_Australia%2C_ca._1940s_%288718150313%29.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal child asleep in a wooden dish, central Australia, ca. 1940s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f1dde13-dee4-48fb-9492-efa8d4dc091d/a2240006h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Staged photo of two men, wearing European clothe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83d0901c-7566-48e6-b732-1855fbb7aea9/a2240011h+%281%29.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Staged photo of a young man, seated, with boomerangs and skin rug. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9861b797-b9eb-4349-b512-353006a11f9d/a9455001h.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Gwoja Tjungurrayi ("One Pound Jimmy"), with spear and woomera, photographed by the Australian National Travel Association in 1935. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/063bc081-0735-4e4f-b9d9-676853167049/Aboriginal_couple_wearing_kangaroo_cloaks._The_man_is_posed_with_a_shield_and_a_spear%2C_while_the_woman_is_holding_a_sword_club_%28ca._1880%29.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal couple wearing kangaroo cloaks. The man is posed with a shield and a spear, while the woman is holding a sword club (ca. 1880). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9420cbe1-57f7-41e8-8eef-c4e66958cb05/Aboriginal_rainmakers%2C_1898%2C_Farina%2C_South_Australia_%28SLSA_B_60681-90%29.jpg Aboriginal Australian Tribes Aboriginal rainmakers, 1898, Farina, South Australia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e75afde0-3af9-4945-8ffa-bb4c0d598039/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+22.50.31.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/watussi daily 0.75 2025-10-02 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/mossi daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d1f39584-4229-418a-9627-5f573beb0b53/mossi_01.jpg Mossi Sources: Photo: © Viktor Cerny / Burkina Faso 2010, Wikipedia.org Gregory A. Finnegan - Everyculture.com University of Iowa Stanley Museum of Art via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/mossi.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7ed428f4-b68c-4814-b868-b9b3f0942350/mossi+funeral+1.jpeg Mossi Mossi funeral north of Yako, 1977, Yatenga style karanse. The masks perform in front of the dead man's house. via https://www.randafricanart.com/Mossi_mask_2.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3145c06b-f9f3-47f1-9870-ff7478c4a404/mossi+funeral+3.jpeg Mossi Mossi funeral north of Yako, 1977, Yatenga style karanse. The masks perform in front of the dead man's house. via https://www.randafricanart.com/Mossi_mask_2.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6bd660a-c843-452d-85b9-61040401d3d7/NMAfA-EENG-VII-19_09.jpg Mossi National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution. “Smithsonian Learning Lab Resource: Mossi woman with elaborate hairstyle, near Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, [negative].” Smithsonian Learning Lab, Smithsonian Office of Educational Technology, 5 Nov. 2015, https://learninglab.si.edu/q/r/394628 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d56fcb12-8335-47a8-a5e7-2e1595362e2b/Chiefburkina.jpg Mossi A Mossi Naaba (leader) via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossi_people# https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/057484f6-ba7b-4ea0-9a84-ed6be07ac67e/Screenshot+2025-10-08+at+5.55.34+PM.png Mossi Vintage postcard, circa 1910. The Moro Naba, king of the Mossi people in Ouagadougou, now in Burkina Faso. (Photo courtesy of AdireAfricanTextiles.blogspot.com) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/973e07de-c53a-42f9-baf5-284336fadb62/mossi+funeral+5.jpeg Mossi Mossi funeral north of Yako, 1977, Yatenga style karanse. The masks perform in front of the dead man's house. via https://www.randafricanart.com/Mossi_mask_2.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c74e7a2f-41ac-4cce-a0a7-583be196d584/voBaMR6PV2.jpg Mossi The Mossi: A people of culture by Sheba Anyanwu, July 25, 2011. via https://face2faceafrica.com/article/the-mossi-a-people-of-culture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/df48f945-9e16-476d-b5c7-dd5f33787e30/delcampe+1.jpeg Mossi The original work wear - Mossi Indigo Cloths from Burkina Faso via Adire African Textiles by Duncan Clarke. http://adireafricantextiles.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-original-work-wear-mossi-indigo.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90251920-113e-4f0e-a26e-6f21c1af7eb9/delcampe+4.jpeg Mossi The original work wear - Mossi Indigo Cloths from Burkina Faso via Adire African Textiles by Duncan Clarke. http://adireafricantextiles.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-original-work-wear-mossi-indigo.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ba4067e-0362-4576-a8d9-3e670f3b5713/delcampe+2.jpeg Mossi The original work wear - Mossi Indigo Cloths from Burkina Faso via Adire African Textiles by Duncan Clarke. http://adireafricantextiles.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-original-work-wear-mossi-indigo.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1759943617357-ICTEHJFY24HLVKPHE1TM/Screenshot%2B2025-10-08%2Bat%2B6.11.15%2BPM.png Mossi Africa Haute Volta Ouagadougou Mossi people Old Photo Sarr Cheick 1960. Vintage M. Sarr Cheick Studio Photo, Service Information Haute Volta. Burkina Faso, Africa (Other). https://www.abebooks.co.uk/photographs/Africa-Haute-Volta-Ouagadougou-Mossi-people/30364939978/bd https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d097bd5a-3642-426e-bede-0cc4c54598ec/mossi+men+1.jpeg Mossi "Mossi hunters and warriors." from Mossi People: funeral rites via https://peuplesautochtones.com/peuple-mossi-rites-funeraires-copy/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2fca07aa-82a2-43f6-9436-dc494e32b664/Mossi_mask.jpg Mossi A mask at a funeral in the village of Kirsi in 1976. A black plastic child's doll has been added to the horns to create a karan wemba, to honor a female ancestor. 25 March 1976. Christopher D. Roy. via https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mossi_mask.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/86ba4f57-d7e3-43ee-b444-ff2fb74b9856/Mossi_girls_with_dolls.jpg Mossi Two little Mossi girls photographed in 1976 holding their dolls. 5 June 1976. Christopher D. Roy. via https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mossi_girls_with_dolls.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83b5f8df-e127-4c42-a194-92dffac14616/Screenshot+2025-10-08+at+7.09.54+PM.png Mossi François-Edmond Fortier, Mossi Hunter-Warrior (Hombori Region). West Africa – Sudan. "Fortier was born in Nantes, France in 1862 and became interested in photography at an early age. He moved to Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) in 1886 and opened a photography studio, specialising in portraits and landscapes. In 1900, Fortier began to focus on documentary photography, capturing the daily life and culture of the Vietnamese people. He travelled extensively throughout the country, documenting everything from street scenes to religious ceremonies. Fortier's photographs were highly regarded for their technical excellence and artistic composition. He won numerous awards for his work, including a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900.Fortier's photographs are now considered an important historical record of Vietnam in the early 20th century. They offer a glimpse of a time and place that has since been transformed by war and modernisation. Fortier died in Saigon in 1928, but his legacy lives on through his photographs, which continue to inspire and educate people around the world." Collection - Francois-Edmond Fortier (1862–1928) French documentary photographer, editor and ethnographer. via https://picryl.com/media/chasseur-guerrier-mossi-region-de-hombori-aof-0e0f06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83f938d2-e4fe-4ef8-a723-48592bff5f29/mossi_main.jpg Mossi The Mossi people, via https://samepassage.org/the-mossi-people/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da0f54bb-9ea0-413b-b4b6-62a9ee07f461/Screenshot+2025-10-08+at+7.18.03+PM.png Mossi "Mossi woman in the market of Gorom Gorom, Burkina Faso" by Davide Comelli, March 1, 2012. via https://www.flickr.com/photos/neslab/16388101902 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36372a86-35ba-48c3-b039-ec08647a044b/pinterest+2.jpeg Mossi "Mossi Mask. Burkina Faso. credit : L. Frobenius (1912)", https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/826269862858424434/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/696f5414-c32c-49ed-a524-930e97498160/NMAfA-EEPA_EECL_02665-000001.jpg Mossi National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution. “Smithsonian Learning Lab Resource: Mossi woman with elaborate hairstyle, near Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.” Smithsonian Learning Lab, Smithsonian Office of Educational Technology, 13 Feb. 2021, https://learninglab.si.edu/q/r/5804526 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1686c26d-89a3-4f18-854f-451353d57821/NMAfA-EENG-VII-19_05.jpg Mossi National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution. “Smithsonian Learning Lab Resource: Mossi women and children with water pots and gourds, near Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, [negative].” Smithsonian Learning Lab, Smithsonian Office of Educational Technology, 5 Jul. 2016, https://learninglab.si.edu/q/r/1090726 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5677c082-a76a-4635-abdf-b0d1e066e414/NMAfA-EENG-VII-18_11A.jpg Mossi National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution. “Smithsonian Learning Lab Resource: Mossi dignitaries at an audience with Moro Naba Kougri, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.” Smithsonian Learning Lab, Smithsonian Office of Educational Technology, 28 Dec. 2020, https://learninglab.si.edu/q/r/5682407 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fbfe2585-9802-446d-85db-c11e183cd788/archers.jpeg Mossi "Mossi warriors and hunters in French West Africa." via https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossi# https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d43460e3-a006-4bb2-b5ca-57cea6304ac7/mossi_05.jpg Mossi Sources: Photo: © Viktor Cerny / Burkina Faso 2010, Wikipedia.org Gregory A. Finnegan - Everyculture.com University of Iowa Stanley Museum of Art via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/mossi.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2fc88694-24fe-4a9d-94a7-9191bd90acc8/mossi+funeral+2.jpeg Mossi Mossi funeral north of Yako, 1977, Yatenga style karanse. The masks perform in front of the dead man's house. via https://www.randafricanart.com/Mossi_mask_2.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f62567c-6164-415c-81f7-1b378d645cbc/mossi+funeral+4.jpeg Mossi Mossi funeral north of Yako, 1977, Yatenga style karanse. The masks perform in front of the dead man's house. via https://www.randafricanart.com/Mossi_mask_2.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/161b15fd-ce37-4e7e-b01c-5a1d91231054/bur58.jpg Mossi The Mossi: A people of culture by Sheba Anyanwu, July 25, 2011. via https://face2faceafrica.com/article/the-mossi-a-people-of-culture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/28dece6a-4ae2-49f6-86f2-8244ddfbc922/mossi_02.jpg Mossi Sources: Photo: © Viktor Cerny / Burkina Faso 2010, Wikipedia.org Gregory A. Finnegan - Everyculture.com University of Iowa Stanley Museum of Art via https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/mossi.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aeb752f1-7b27-47e8-a8a7-2a32ae6f6d40/delcampe+5.jpeg Mossi "Mossi indigo dyers, vintage postcard, circa 1910." The original work wear - Mossi Indigo Cloths from Burkina Faso via Adire African Textiles by Duncan Clarke. http://adireafricantextiles.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-original-work-wear-mossi-indigo.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65ae97df-f44b-444b-815d-a550a4d98ac2/mossi+men+2.png Mossi "Mossi men" from Mossi People: funeral rites via https://peuplesautochtones.com/peuple-mossi-rites-funeraires-copy/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66269151-7149-4a04-bf20-170dfcbe08d3/Screenshot+2025-10-08+at+6.21.35+PM.png Mossi "The wives of the Emperor of the Mossi in Ouagadougou, ca. 1930, when a Swiss delegation was visiting the city. “He’s having a good day” said one of the wives, when they heard that the emperor wanted to bring them along for a flight. Another one was not allowed on the plane, because she and the emperor had fought the day before and said how jealous she was. Personally, I love that the photographer talked to the women to hear what they had to say. " via 19th Century Girls on Tumblr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85b2ca23-bd05-4e99-9be5-7a9b5ac871e5/Screenshot+2025-10-08+at+6.40.29+PM.png Mossi MOSSI KINGDOMS Year: 11th Century - 1896 Location: Burkina Faso, Ghana via @Vincredible__ (twitter) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8bd8a69d-2ab4-41ee-9e97-2e3c8217ff16/Screenshot+2025-10-08+at+7.19.07+PM.png Mossi "Mossi girl in the market of Gorom Gorom, Burkina Faso" by Davide Comelli, March 1, 2012. via https://www.flickr.com/photos/neslab/15766823544/in/photostream/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e986a324-74dc-40fc-9d74-02277edf808e/7241ac287e063cd1f511a8fb3c910a7d.jpg Mossi Mossi people, Burkina Faso, mask, Ouagadougou style, © 1976 Christopher D. Roy. via https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/304767099776499266/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1278af32-1cfd-48a2-9e6a-6dbd85b523d0/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Groepsportret_van_een_Mossi_man_met_zijn_twee_vrouwen_en_zijn_kinderen_te_Kaya_TMnr_20010073.jpg Mossi "COLLECTION TROPENMUSEUM Group portrait of a Mossi man with his two wives and his children in Kaya TMnr 20010073" via https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossi#/media/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Groepsportret_van_een_Mossi_man_met_zijn_twee_vrouwen_en_zijn_kinderen_te_Kaya_TMnr_20010073.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c2da84f-fb93-45b0-ae48-327d6e2affee/pinterest+3.jpeg Mossi "mossi 3032 masks zegede", https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/826269862858424432/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5876da8b-b17b-4f17-8a17-98e35a383514/vintage+.jpeg Mossi “Ceremonial dance of the Mossi, performed at the imperial court of Ouagadougou.” via https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossi# https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f6706b2e-9b27-40f5-92c9-2bee3f3dcb9c/delcampe+3.jpeg Mossi The original work wear - Mossi Indigo Cloths from Burkina Faso via Adire African Textiles by Duncan Clarke. http://adireafricantextiles.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-original-work-wear-mossi-indigo.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d466181-c3e7-49da-abce-7aaa39eb3751/woman+and+children+.jpeg Mossi Above: Mossi women and children near Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Photo credit: Eliot Elisofon via https://www.beprimitive.com/blog/believing-is-magic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36268637-f7e6-4fbf-a9e5-50b208703540/Screenshot+2025-10-08+at+6.40.55+PM.png Mossi MOSSI KINGDOMS Year: 11th Century - 1896 Location: Burkina Faso, Ghana via @Vincredible__ (twitter) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b03cd66b-c019-4be5-ba5f-6192ebed62cc/pinterest+1.jpeg Mossi "mossi masks, Masqueraders in Guinea." via https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/826269862858424530/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5f659af1-83d2-4ad7-bafa-72195b00a194/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.07.39.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/wodaabe daily 0.75 2026-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1ce31678-163d-43a8-b2fd-67390d4bd1c9/wodaabe_4.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/54c997b1-d4a3-422a-95be-ad21e8018bed/wodaabe_8.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fa9d652-2c9a-41bd-a20f-97a4286c4147/wodaabe_12.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5d1babd5-e183-4db5-a0e1-2776b803efcf/wodaabe_10.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe Women— Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d760c82-8892-4c83-92dc-e4d4e2d186c2/1997_275-27_Wodaabe_fashion.jpg Wodaabe A Wodaabe man. Niger, 1997. Source: Alchetron https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aa7e0ed2-7c71-4989-b2b6-18c113130811/1997_275-29_Wodaabe_fashion.jpg Wodaabe A Wodaabe man. Niger, 1997. By Dan Lundberg — Source: Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e627cbf9-2321-431c-a1b8-3ce8f3cac0e4/ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_12_-_Deux_hommes_wodaab%C3%A9s_dehors_devant_un_mur_ajour%C3%A9_-_Agadez%2C_Niger_-_27_d%C3%A9cembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif.jpg Wodaabe Two Wodaabe men stand outside in front of a perforated wall. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f4388e8-6cd3-4d2c-a08a-357fad5fb338/Wodaabe-nomads-in-Chad-Photo-credit-Tariq-Zaidi-Zuma-Press-01.jpg Wodaabe Three Wodaabe men perform their ritual dance the ‘Yaake’, where every element and gesture has a significance.Photo: Tariq Zaidi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fecf77c9-8cde-4851-b3c0-3ec48a106201/6efab50a4c7d22af5ccd521e8415ccf5.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6baa9342-0315-4e4c-82fb-07a9498e6776/85c2117538f786d09de6050e5f6c7305.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe Male Charm Dancer, Niger, 1992. By Carol Beckwith & Angela Fisher — Source: THK Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/57038d33-bf0d-445e-946a-36b9482cee27/2450e79c734f2217faaddf07c8b73c76.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/32cb1044-9e0d-4f0f-a782-1ee1f0aa9c3c/_94820596_9.jpg.webp Wodaabe Wodaabe Male, by Tariq Zaidi — Source: BBC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/88fcdedc-a749-4689-9490-7f408f20d731/_94820816_14.jpg.webp Wodaabe Wodaabe men grimace during the dance to show off their white teeth. By Tariq Zaidi. — Source: BBC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7faa04c-f435-4e89-a3fd-a8263707addf/Screenshot+2026-03-05+at+11.10.55%E2%80%AFAM.png Wodaabe A Djapto man adorning himself with a small mirror — Source: Eye Tpoty https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a4385fa2-81be-4808-a9ec-5bd351f1205b/Wodaabe+Male+-+Distinguished.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9f6e539-dfc9-4a7c-afc8-e2d964f20f83/13_38+-+Le+Guerewol+Bororo.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe man getting ready for Guérewol festival Image by Michel Renaudeau https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9a6ac35f-9e7a-4c53-98b1-eb4baccc87ee/Tribes+of+Africa.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34adce51-b2db-4ca3-bd4a-55a79a971184/Tengade%2C+le+chapeau+identitaire+Peul+-+Culture+Peul+%28Mali%29.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e6a1830-e186-4a94-9e97-81e1ed4aa6fd/Fulani%2C+Africa.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0c417bc-a7cd-40fd-ad08-61830ba7dea8/Aftica.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bed1a1cb-8f9e-431e-9698-6bd44a40f08c/+-33.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8caaa60e-07db-43cd-b9c8-210cfa909d4e/wodaabe_2.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/85ab6460-51c4-4788-b76c-a061d40ce59f/wodaabe_7.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo. Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a3cfd5d-5bbf-419b-8f20-bbfe3e0b4a2d/wodaabe_11.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e5de4eba-3753-4930-ac75-0b49c609e6b2/1997_274-27_Gerewol.jpg Wodaabe A young Wodaabe maiden coyly judges the contestants at the Gerewol festival. Photographed 1997 in Niger — Source: Africa Travel & Life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2418af5-860d-4f02-99c8-553b81f6baaf/1997_275-15_young_Wodaabe_women.jpg Wodaabe Young Wodaabe women. Photographed 1997 in Niger. Source: Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f854fded-bb24-4ec2-84c8-cdabeea936e8/1997_275-9_Gerewol.jpg Wodaabe At the Gerewol festival, a Wodaabe maiden coyly reviews the contestants to choose a winner. Photographed 1997 in Niger. — Source: Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/170cee8e-24c7-4da1-95e0-9109306cd385/1997_276-21A_Wodaabe_fashion.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe men. Photographed 1997 in Niger. By Dan Lundberg — Source: Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3d9ca705-5d75-4f7c-bb10-70336dfc0277/this-is-all-for-you-girls-c-Trevor-cole.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe © Trevor Cole https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2e6ff7cf-748b-46f4-ad69-806af68f3b62/ba94f213dcc515ea90c3d211ca94a1ba.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e8d4f339-ec59-421c-9d25-5f9c854fa992/b130e2a73079015eedba5d042c461acc.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: MessyNessyChic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8fc2d6e4-46b7-4bca-9b67-c1bbfcfbc33c/_94820869_16.jpg.webp Wodaabe Two Wodaabe men take a break from dancing. By Tariq Zaidi. — Source: BBC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7daf842c-1848-4843-bc65-a7c874bc9bd9/Screenshot+2026-03-05+at+11.12.06%E2%80%AFAM.png Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1620a142-8a18-45d3-a104-b3ec1bd1d0d0/Wodaabe+man%2C+Chad.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07a1f293-86ad-414d-826e-13ede81b20e4/+-34.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/88d6616c-6443-412a-a961-5f39c4c51038/*.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dc93ee4c-d050-4569-9122-0085b6fdbdf7/Woodabe+Fulani.jpg Wodaabe Wadaabe male with Herbal mask (wayllungo) becomes also used as a layout for the yake dance. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f2c59c9-37fb-4f20-8dac-fedc38ccc7f1/Chad.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/398404e6-233b-4334-a4de-1302ffc42280/Wodaabe+man+at+the+Gerewol+festival%2C+Chad.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5065de18-abfe-4dca-b876-0630ac95a58b/wodaabe_1.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/59cbc414-3096-44d2-820a-1d448345b16c/wodaabe_5.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da470a15-0ece-4805-b809-f54e040ad2a7/wodaabe_9.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: 101 Last Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc94b3cf-a3a6-4ab3-b021-88bed7b1cf4d/960px-1997_273-30A_Wodaabe_woman.jpg Wodaabe A Wodaabe woman Photographed 1997 in Niger. By Dan Lundberg — Source: Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4351dc87-49ed-45a2-9b2a-542ef78e678e/1997_275-30_Wodaabe_fashion.jpg Wodaabe A Wodaabe man. Niger, 1997. By Dan Lundberg — Source: Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/061f469b-eac3-4a7e-b2f6-05df850a09cb/1997_276-10A_Yaake_backstage.jpg Wodaabe A Wodaabe man preparing for a Yaake demonstration. Niger, 1997. Source: Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/07889b15-1efd-45c1-88b9-a7ad0eaf8415/Wodaabe-nomads-in-Chad-Photo-credit-Tariq-Zaidi-Zuma-Press-15.jpg Wodaabe A long line of Wodaabe men and boys, wearing bejeweled leather tunics and sparkling crowns and feathers Photo: Tariq Zaidi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/099ee6ca-8b47-467c-ae08-54c87ca71b5f/80ef34f4980a4fe1a1376593d013814c.jpg Wodaabe Young Wodaabe Man, Niger, 1986. By Steve McCurry — Source: Cavalier Galleries https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9eebd87a-a6cc-4696-9568-8e89285e9445/5f51fac4372218f8689af15b76dc6b78.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d103b5f3-e499-4cf8-947a-83cbbf2c9f1e/_94820600_11.jpg.webp Wodaabe Wodaabe men make some last-minute adjustments to their costumes. By Tariq Zaidi. — Source: BBC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e6f8b11c-c949-4b92-8b5b-6210dad3fa1d/Screenshot+2026-03-05+at+11.12.13%E2%80%AFAM.png Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/54b63f6a-daf5-4209-b620-865a5ab3c16e/Bororo+Tribe%2C+Africa.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c02deb20-f31c-4a79-a80e-783c5cbedcb8/Tribu+Wodaabe%2C+Nigeria_.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d3469cdb-30d2-4737-938c-ae6f2a738620/gerewol.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/20bb3f88-81e4-4894-a46a-69ca9386bc36/Wodaabe%2C+In-Gall%2C+Niger.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c924117e-66b6-4c02-ba77-2f24653d7745/The+Wodaabe+tribal+ritual+where+men+can+%27steal%27+each+other%27s+women.jpg Wodaabe image by Mario Gerth https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2c572545-c525-4d6e-8343-da582bca82bf/+-32.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/55fb902b-0961-4d60-9f78-d44732cf951e/7c1170092bbc69ba6fdb7b50661cb4bd.jpg Wodaabe Wodaabe-Mbororo — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fea675e-64a3-4dd1-a7f1-90542b1fb8aa/Screenshot+2026-03-05+at+11.12.27%E2%80%AFAM.png Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ba45cf41-cadc-46ba-bccf-00d24d93d205/Gerewol+Festival%2C+Niger++Photograph+by+Mike+Hettwer.jpg Wodaabe Gerewol Festival, Niger. By Mike Hettwer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f72d963-41c6-442d-bbc9-5e5fb33a056a/+-29.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da55035e-f6c3-4fe1-a4c3-9f7fdcdc62c7/Screenshot+2026-03-05+at+11.10.29%E2%80%AFAM.png Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/265114d9-8a95-4805-984e-0b99d00c0972/14_38+-+Le+Guerewol+Bororo.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef8a07ac-2a78-4d97-933d-2c80bf80693d/Screenshot+2026-03-05+at+11.11.51%E2%80%AFAM.png Wodaabe Gerewol Festival — Source: Native Eye https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/651e4841-01a1-443b-8816-c33dede17387/Gerewol+by+Trevor+Cole.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/accaa5c0-96c9-4d89-9447-965cb8230644/Indigenous+Wisdom.jpg Wodaabe Image by Jimmy Nelson Source https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eed0933f-cd89-454e-9bd3-498ebd0441bc/1997_274-5_Gerewol.jpg Wodaabe Participants in the Gerewol beauty contest, from the Wodaabe ethnic group. The eventual winner is the tall young man in the middle. Photographed 1997 in Niger. — Source: Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7799aa3f-58d7-4c5b-a69f-dce387cdda16/+-31.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d9b7d1e-7354-4fe2-a549-49e6a20c438e/+-30.jpg Wodaabe Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b33639b1-d7dc-4b0d-8226-01e09fa1666f/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.10.30.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/himba daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e59a6d6-0eb8-4987-9195-0cd0e9b9c13f/1000018272.jpg Himba Himba young adult. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46e192ca-aa84-4df1-bac4-2c2f6f52f448/1000018274.jpg Himba Himba woman with her son. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2d2eddb-020e-469f-800e-d5d801e3c29f/1000018276.jpg Himba Himba woman with child. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/233e70a3-b32d-4ab4-9767-6f41fdc9875e/1000018278.jpg Himba Himba women during a bridal party. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3d96b7a7-37de-4915-b61d-2219b456c7b8/1000018280.jpg Himba Himba woman undertaking a spiritual ritual for her illness. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84b0284f-1143-4660-b8ad-744ed3d4962f/1000018282.jpg Himba Himba women with their children. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b3e17bb-0e24-4e0d-9f32-3883b2d835d5/1000018284.jpg Himba Himba woman with child. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5aab8f18-2faa-4729-a86b-bf2448e1b2e1/1000018286.jpg Himba Himba woman with children. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06294264-4888-4428-83fe-966246ee78f4/1000018288.jpg Himba Himba woman with child. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9155d3d2-55eb-4ced-80cb-72a70ed7e4b7/1000018290.jpg Himba Himba young adult. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec246d87-52b8-49f1-9f19-e0c6e9c01ba2/1000018292.jpg Himba Himba child. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/590adfae-cf1f-419a-87af-36a45249de59/1000018294.jpg Himba Himba children standing by a kraal. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4fffddb3-b238-4887-b341-457084492422/1000018296.jpg Himba Himba young adult. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/463f0b5f-33d6-4dcf-bd4b-ca71db8101d3/1000018298.jpg Himba Himba woman. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ed686e0a-da84-42cf-ae52-750f2f51b1f2/1000018300.jpg Himba Himba boy. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c04b53d4-e1ba-429b-ac03-87bde3311788/1000018302.jpg Himba Himba boy. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c4dd2070-7042-4472-9e66-653364cb7feb/1000018304.jpg Himba Himba boy. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/440c8a57-a990-4edf-9947-07d87731d17a/1000018851.jpg Himba Himba herders in Namibia's Northwestern Kunene region. The woman wears otjize, a mix of ochre and butterfat, that renders her skin red. 24 April 2000. Hans Stieglitz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a29353eb-92d2-42b7-87ad-38165cb3c5d3/1000018852.jpg Himba A traditional regional Leader or Headman of the Ovahimba - Chief Kapuka Thom of the Vita (Thom) Royal House with his grandson. 23 April 2000. Hans Stieglitz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/421cbe11-569f-432d-b4cf-f5635f793081/1000018857.webp Himba A Himba mother at Omapaha Etosha, Himba Village. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30ce3ee0-ae12-4bd3-9a34-0085bb03d09b/1000018860.jpg Himba Portrait of a Himba woman. Eric Hon, 2012. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/896308fa-05b2-4b09-bc76-efcd40f13c49/1000018861.jpg Himba Himba tribe mother wearing a traditional folk dress in Namibia. 2017. WAVRIK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9ef1f478-65bf-4282-950f-bd2cce7319e5/1000018862.webp Himba Himba Chief. Yann Landry, 2023. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d93e4491-811b-4be4-9f5f-bd6e153bec0f/1000018868.jpg Himba Himba tribe family. Kim Walton. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6e0ccd7b-52ad-42d2-8652-2bf50dccf59a/1000018273.jpg Himba Himba people. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc082e3b-c26b-43f6-bf10-e8264e1a3259/1000018275.jpg Himba Himba woman. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97d02f6b-ca32-4f15-aafe-771a85e3aee6/1000018277.jpg Himba Himba woman with child. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8db9c2e4-dddf-4996-ae8c-9797324ac55f/1000018279.jpg Himba Himba woman standing by a Kraal. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/89b3b32d-2aff-4327-95bb-c1a9678a0c06/1000018281.jpg Himba Himba chief with children. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1174a7ea-f0ec-4900-96da-48295c751124/1000018283.jpg Himba Himba woman. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b261eda7-5e56-46db-b426-c158c0170190/1000018285.jpg Himba Himba kids with donkeys. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ae2bf24-1809-4e99-a7d9-db275556670d/1000018287.jpg Himba Himba boy with traditional hairstyle. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c48868f3-965d-4df7-88fa-237f8c486f6d/1000018289.jpg Himba Himba woman. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cb605eb7-0da7-4733-97d4-2e9e88077174/1000018291.jpg Himba Himba children. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aaeace6c-765f-4f80-8db4-10b563523912/1000018293.jpg Himba Himba boys. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/67dd729d-7829-45c3-bb20-2283548c0f6e/1000018295.jpg Himba Himba children standing by a kraal. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5d35bc8b-2710-47cb-80d5-b92801ef0758/1000018297.jpg Himba Himba children with traditional ornaments. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/31f1c7d2-3640-4694-878e-bfc46b8ba1c1/1000018299.jpg Himba Himba women. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca0c3dc3-e1fc-4ebb-a52b-2dc31e1a40ed/1000018301.jpg Himba Himba woman with child. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd5d14c2-f2b0-4072-b3a8-b007f2f953c5/1000018303.jpg Himba Himba boy. Image from Peter Schnurman via Trip Down Memory Lane blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9988a456-7105-4def-abc3-fd9536f9d7f5/1000018853.jpg Himba Himba woman. 30 January 2008. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/040d303a-4302-43ba-ae13-f24687247c91/1000018855.jpg Himba Himba Cowboys. 23 April 2003. Hanz Stieglitz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6be10c5-c069-4025-ba7d-a75391df1f4d/1000018859.jpg Himba Himba woman in Traditional Ochre. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30bc1598-5aae-4a31-980f-b24cbb505436/1000018863.jpg Himba Him a woman from Outjo, Northen Namibia, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f350874-a62b-40c6-b5cf-b9ec99a81819/1000018864.jpg Himba Himba girl at work. 23 April 2003. Hans Stieglitz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aeea385e-669d-4aa3-b3a2-a549191d2bd8/1000018865.jpg Himba Himba woman with child. William Matews, 2011. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/219f969f-194d-4596-ac0a-f6c3ac0075ae/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.16.46.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/dogon daily 0.75 2026-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/88232a93-7235-4024-ae06-a6dfb72d44f6/1000018739.jpg Dogon Dogon people, Mali, 2003. Photo by Devriese via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). Detail. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4aa0852-450f-4627-b147-e6bd343b3f4d/1000018743.jpg Dogon Dogon Country: Village of Sangha, 2009. Huib Blom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c39ded18-0566-46eb-8131-e1189ee18148/1000018741.jpg Dogon Dogon art: Kanaga mask dances. Photo by Huib Blom/Menil. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15d70662-7caa-4e2c-a21a-be4c86be984a/1000018745.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/58efe269-193d-4c6f-ab57-63bc4971a983/1000018747.jpg Dogon Dogon country, Village of Kundu Andou, 1986. Huib Blom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43f80510-c903-4e24-a6e1-69587f8f0f1f/1000018749.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f3423ce2-f1f7-49dc-822c-a2aaa7a23bf8/1000018751.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2dabe17b-2141-4d8c-aa9d-94df2b6f045a/1000018754.jpg Dogon Two Dogon men performing a traditional masked dance. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2cacc3c2-7620-469a-93fe-021afca884f5/1000018753.jpg Dogon Yougo Dogorou village, 2008. Huib Blom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/645301e2-d9e3-43ab-ad81-23bbd4a29da2/1000018757.jpg Dogon Dogon man weaving a cloth. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfa68f2c-63aa-432d-964a-d2e491624324/1000018762.jpg Dogon Dogon man holding wooden, sacred carvings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4dc21cd-7eca-4957-809c-3c874a5f84af/1000018763.jpg Dogon Dogon tribe children. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e1472e1f-f146-411d-8b87-da47fcf52ca8/1000018765.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a51e7dd-73e6-443c-8d5a-2648da32c4a3/1000018767.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca7ae26b-d72c-4753-9014-b56a75649a70/1000018769.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f05440cf-bfaf-4075-aa32-5b2fcfe464f9/1000018771.jpg Dogon The mosque of Djenne. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2959c855-82c9-464a-8ab8-5e5d33590a5c/1000018773.jpg Dogon A group of masked Dogon dancers from the Awa Society. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc393968-ba09-4177-b232-e6d809213167/1000018775.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2106f82-fa5a-40bd-9d14-55b8a5f1dbbb/1000018756.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d40cb4a6-c117-4dfd-b669-4fca60d67232/a8c536a4fa7e0707fad6ceff96da7a5e.jpg Dogon A Dogon man in white garments stands on a rocky outcrop, holding a walking stick. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770319044120-2G5TJQQEJTTXMVA5FIAS/tumblr_0c1cbaa3d11a7895b06f1e2d5ea52da1_360ca291_1280.jpg Dogon “Dogon woman, Yassima, irrigates her onion crop early each morning with water from the nearby well.” Mali. West Africa. Photographed by Beverly L. Strassman in 1981. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/634c3450-69e7-4187-8b4a-f1111d816add/1c3727da2969689ec5dc6a60d4476680.jpg Dogon Dogon dancers wearing traditional Kanaga masks during a Dama funerary ritual in Mali, West Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f2556b57-19ea-4f9e-8276-bfdca772c3f2/tumblr_0c39f8f84c5ff775e5b34cc97d140048_63dabdcd_1280.jpg Dogon Dogon women carrying pots of beer to the market in Sangha, Tireli, Mali, 1990. "Dogon Daily Life," photographed by W.E.A. van Beek. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770321998152-111AHIL31ASA77WKTM83/661c6d2b88efa3cb87adcb8e15d1d491.jpg Dogon Dogon dancers performing a traditional masked ceremony. Photographed by Rosemary Sheel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0db372d6-b943-4963-81d2-1944445230e8/12832729955_6484b347fc_o.jpg Dogon Dancers in Bandiagara, descending in single file to perform the Dama ceremony. Photographed by RAS News & Events. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf26d0a2-8221-4111-a28e-2672dcdb602b/f30009a318aae8cbd5908f0954f60c5b.jpg Dogon Three Dogon men wearing indigo garments and patterned woven shawls walk together. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eda77bcc-6422-4bde-a744-60778086aefe/e3ad659cabf3e6e7fd85253edfba75d3-3.jpg Dogon A Dogon man stands at the entrance of a mud-brick dwelling in Mali, holding a painted kanaga mask. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b52522b-ca6f-4519-af38-cc22755527ee/1000018740.jpg Dogon Dogon art: The funeral rite called Damas by the Dogon people. Bino and Fino. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e12444f2-b99d-4d34-8d2d-f0ddbb6e4dcb/1000018742.jpg Dogon Dogon women from Mongui pounding millet. Huib Blom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec199a9c-3bfe-41d6-82e0-73dea645782b/1000018744.jpg Dogon Dogon country: Village of Yanda Tourougo, 2012. Huib Blom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/171e6cd0-c421-4847-8759-990cf8f8ddcf/1000018746.jpg Dogon Dogon country, Village of Kundu Andou, 1986. Huib Blom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d511056e-ef2f-4c16-b09d-fe9f07c3d5c1/1000018748.jpg Dogon Dogon people wearing traditional masks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e60d017b-1bf7-483b-ba95-a49ba87acb94/1000018750.jpg Dogon Two Dogon men in front of a hogon house. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b0d30ad-11d3-4a90-9d57-731f6fe97f04/1000018752.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4ae8c868-ee3e-4bdc-8af4-9594d2561f59/1000018755.jpg Dogon Dogon men performing a traditional dance with masks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b701f9f8-a37b-4590-89e2-987a9f49a764/1000018758.jpg Dogon Installation of a Hogon in Sangha, Mali, 2012. Inogo Dolo. Examples of Dogon Kente showcased. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b688a2f-b59c-4253-8866-ba3af7baaaed/1000018764.jpg Dogon Elderly man from the Dogon tribe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6e3b0f2f-e557-4a71-8616-1f603bb75ac8/1000018766.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/371f045e-6211-42af-a8f9-6defc27ad715/1000018768.jpg Dogon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4de8cd74-e190-4ea0-babd-b03f25690938/1000018770.jpg Dogon Dogon traditional masks displayed on a baobab tree. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/72f57244-31ed-4c82-9e57-7bb82e66fee8/1000018774.jpg Dogon Dogon Kanaga masks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9404d728-b20c-4153-9bf5-09722f9c8209/1000018777.jpg Dogon Dogon native from Sangha, Mali. 1948/1953. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c6d5a49a-aabb-4ff6-8070-06e663c1b55b/4809c1026f29a122c6e7b726c00f1259-2.jpg Dogon Dogon Masqueraders. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f4ae6052-04fa-4068-8c13-f50700cbda9c/Screenshot+2026-02-05+at+1.51.49%E2%80%AFPM.png Dogon Dogon sirige masks in performance Mali, 2001. Photograph by Anne Rogers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65c1e2e7-afa0-4ef8-8a64-92bda5cee359/1-DOGON-TRIBE-PHOTO.jpg Dogon Dogon tribesmen wearing the Kanaga mask. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e8865d0c-7f15-4bf3-87b6-13eb3af3100f/44587ce7b0a098b92e04bdeaf4729c76.jpg Dogon Dogon men in their traditional indigo garments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5480e026-622e-43f8-ad0d-16cb1958c6cb/Screenshot+2026-02-05+at+2.10.46%E2%80%AFPM.png Dogon A Dogon woman wearing a patterned indigo cloth and large amber beaded jewelry. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bbde5777-6736-4204-9843-3041e0fe8711/517c0860cc002aaaea10a221f7a11bd1.jpg Dogon A Dogon man in a patterned robe and wide woven hat stands in the doorway of a mud-brick dwelling, holding a spear. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0fa8c963-a514-491c-95f6-8629eba65c49/tumblr_8dad696f64c7d84e1c6e5ca05d58870c_42a73db8_1280.jpg Dogon "The World of Albert Schweitzer", featuring photographs by Erica Anderson (1955) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6421f5eb-c7fa-4162-8ed7-278e06c19da9/12832787973_140b10ef3c_o.jpg Dogon Dancers at the Dama ceremony, photographed by RAS News & Events. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b6ffb00-84c1-4086-8540-148e2ad88ac5/1f7d9c7f59b919e2dd62b9fbd31d980c.jpg Dogon A group of Dogon men sitting outside cliffside dwellings in Mali. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0270214-ea87-498d-a652-37a35fe20a79/a89abb4bb16eb5606a942962c33027a9.jpg Dogon A Dogon man in a white embroidered cap and traditional indigo garment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af38316c-7880-40ce-8964-b4e7f11386c2/tumblr_4ac606a4452a9e7b9b9825736bdc53c2_16d24799_1280.jpg Dogon "Dogon, Dama masks, The Phantom Africa" Photographed by Michel Leiris in 1931. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/efa063f5-65fa-4066-95ba-08f3af1b6c47/07ea918c1a8fb25b222fa906199d0c21.jpg Dogon Dogon Satimbe mask. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1d2f7a48-7bc1-4b94-8694-7e9f80227413/72be1343b648a104970a9daee07fd3b7.jpg Dogon A Dogon man wearing a red and white patterned garment, a tasseled hat, and a layered shell necklace. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e972d2a0-8b63-4379-b062-c22388e5aff4/tumblr_749843e6a14662926a90755d675a8a04_2a57124e_1280.jpg Dogon "The World of Albert Schweitzer", featuring photographs by Erica Anderson (1955) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a26f53d-1ae4-4996-846d-d0e0082ffcea/33d2846f2c70b4945074abf32b69189a.jpg Dogon Three Dogon men sit together beneath a rocky overhang in Mali, wearing dark indigo garments and woven straw hats. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4c4a0c9-20f7-4211-8787-c0683d3afe91/c9c97a094dea16281e390f89049a3bcb.jpg Dogon Two Dogon men wearing woven straw hats and dark indigo garments stand in front of a cliffside dwelling in Mali. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d015e955-5ef4-4cc3-b379-dc99be17a6ff/27417c0f7cfedf997a14fe111da738c1.jpg Dogon Dogon dancers wearing kanaga masks during a ceremonial procession in Mali. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6acfb223-6f52-4be7-aac4-26b45d5ab274/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.23.33.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/angu daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a38ce905-f4e8-4f3c-8ea9-d3ee08262109/Kukukuku_men_1931.jpg Angu Kukukuku [Angu] natives with weapons, head of Tauri River, March–April 1931. Shows Anga grass sporrans, orchid cane belts and chest bands, stone clubs and bows. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90e888e6-5b4d-4c6c-bfcd-dd12c988b472/03.jpg Angu Angu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c347f2a-719f-4a57-8124-7d043abe8b51/01.jpg Angu Angu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c1fde40d-9ff5-413f-b3a8-f5f77aad57a0/02+%281%29.jpg Angu Angu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e983fc9-d312-43ae-b7f3-bd76a9ae3f74/kukuclub.gif Angu Angu warriors carrying two of their star-shaped stone clubs at the 1997 Mt. Hagen Show. (from Axes and Clubs) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/930dea70-d244-485c-aeda-ce4c289e04ae/angukina.jpg Angu Angu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/234d9538-6411-493b-a21a-d00193a10f4b/kukumeri.gif Angu Mother with her child at the Mt. Hagen Show. She wears a bark cloth (tapa) cape and cut shell necklace. Copyright Scott Perry, 1997. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/528b4346-93a6-45de-9a28-538cf3303ce6/angufama.jpg Angu Angu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/054fcbb3-903c-41ac-9f9e-4e3eb0b31ef6/anguyron.jpg Angu Angu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8bee0d8a-68e9-44a1-8cfb-59b6852f657e/angufamb.jpg Angu Angu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b590ba00-3179-4f16-92c1-147f143fba35/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.22.11.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/urhobo-sobo daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6e7cc509-035a-4bde-ab45-4dc341dd0f03/unnamed-5.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/xhosa daily 0.75 2026-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e2941b3-9001-4529-ac83-eb4596a4e6e3/+-44.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/swahili-waswahili daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ed236c2a-7b9c-485a-88df-5165684cdb57/AC+Gomes.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/korowai-tribe daily 0.75 2025-10-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/016243b5-eed6-416d-908d-2f7d710476a7/korowai-people-way-of-life.jpg Korowai Tribe Korowai way of life https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8dc5a4bd-41ac-4f8a-9a21-b8401b26fd08/2011-korowai1y.jpg Korowai Tribe Korowai https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/730798a2-7bea-4ec6-925f-f7ef5d6625c5/Corowai_fashionista_%2830546446865%29.jpg Korowai Tribe Korowai fashionista https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4c46b6bd-f8ae-4f90-a8c0-53a046b56da2/Korowai+%28Papua+New+Guinea%29.jfif Korowai Tribe Korowai (Papua New Guinea) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90c863a8-8fb4-47d4-9791-ae668bf43d9b/korowai16-1024x683.jpg Korowai Tribe West Papua Korowai - via Davor Rostuhar. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38d50e2b-acb9-4fb2-ac38-81e0ed5c45f5/11-korowai19y.jpg Korowai Tribe Korowai https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b706ab54-4ab9-43a8-a07b-f9811110094a/evangelists-korowai-in-background.webp Korowai Tribe Ten Western Dani evangelists at the Danuwage airstrip, July 2011, with six Korowai in the distant background and at right. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc1bfbf9-cac8-46e1-ae60-3faea55c051f/Corowai_woman_eating_larva_%2829944618353%29.jpg Korowai Tribe Corowai woman eating larva https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f950c89-67d2-4b44-b231-98f065c20690/meeting-with-Korowai-tribe-during-trip-to-West-Papua-I-encuentro-con-tribu-korowai-durante-viaje-a-Papua-Occidental.jpg Korowai Tribe Korowai https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/78339cd6-5178-41e7-bb6a-c9e26687a8ed/korowai06-1024x683+%281%29.jpg Korowai Tribe West Papua Korowai - via Davor Rostuhar. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c17ed6c9-d9d9-47b7-8de0-fd092bec70fb/02-korowai-wam0y.jpg Korowai Tribe Korowai https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8ed62067-76b3-4d50-9775-82c26c3ff541/Bruce_Barron%2C_West_Papua%2C_Korowai_2013.jpg Korowai Tribe Bruce Barron, West Papua, Korowai 2013. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/120db00b-bda5-44a1-89e4-1a1cb2acc1e3/De_huizen_aan_de_bovenloop_van_de_Fajit-rivier_zijn_vrijwel_allemaal_kleine_forten_gelijk_groot%2C_hoog_op_palen_en_op_een_strategische_plaats_aan_de_rivier%2C_Bestanddeelnr_145-0520.tif.jpg Korowai Tribe Houses on the upper reaches of the Fajit River. 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Bọlaji Idowu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9748a161-40b7-4f78-85b1-113bfdac69af/Screenshot+2025-10-10+at+23.34.20.png Religion and Spirituality The Baha'i Faith in Africa_ Establishing a New Religious Movement, 1952-1962 - Anthony A. Lee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f1b0577a-2139-41c6-bd32-059b82562981/1000019628.jpg Religion and Spirituality Afro Caribbean Religions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c515a799-3565-43b4-935a-13d259679dbe/Screenshot+2025-10-10+at+23.21.40.png Religion and Spirituality African Religions A Very Short Introduction by Jacob K. Olupona https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b942bc5-c5f2-4d8a-b1e6-5b018208f0d5/Screenshot+2025-10-10+at+23.28.40.png Religion and Spirituality African Traditional Religion - Aloysius Muzzanganda Lugira https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e2a6b903-26f1-47a6-9bb3-a134c3f2d7b7/Screenshot+2025-10-10+at+23.19.37.png Religion and Spirituality African Cosmology of the Bântu-Kôngo Tying the Spiritual KnotPrinciples of Life & Living - Kimbwandende Kia Bunseki Fu-Kiau https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1c1a986c-dd69-49ed-aa40-8f15dc5a5b63/Screenshot+2025-10-10+at+23.30.44.png Religion and Spirituality Black African Traditional Religions and Philosophy by Patrick E. Ofori https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c0925c61-d7a6-4bfa-a6be-b6b57cb611e8/Screenshot+2025-10-10+at+23.32.33.png Religion and Spirituality Creole Religions of the Caribbean_ An Introduction From Vodou Santeria to Obeah and Espiritismo - Margarite Fernandez Olmos https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1ae76125-011b-4e59-8e02-fd590e4ded40/Screenshot+2025-10-10+at+23.34.30.png Religion and Spirituality AVAILABLE SOON https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4362abc-6c7e-42fc-9dfe-06975c79d9b9/1000019629.jpg Religion and Spirituality Encyclopedia of African Religions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/921d361c-ef20-4584-9e1e-714fef4d00fb/Screenshot+2025-10-10+at+23.24.23.png Religion and Spirituality African Religion Meets Islam Religious Change in Northern Nigeria by Dean S Gilliland https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/madagascar daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/356c7f73-05c6-4fb5-80cb-2459f2e0a832/753a33698367ae62514c387bdc9de77b.jpg Madagascar Antandroy | Madagascar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6dfea5b9-e0da-406d-9c70-96d53a0fdbcd/e156ce6151eda723d5a43debc5815e7f.jpg Madagascar Antandroy dancers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be0271c3-34db-4a35-b9b3-487a3cda4cc2/cc0c26cc19fd201ce543def562096627.jpg Madagascar Antanosy woman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ec1d340-d6f8-4fc2-a9ae-7959c79da64a/Group_of_Betsimisaraka_women.jpg Madagascar Group of Betsimisaraka women https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e6217f1-018c-41e0-a761-3d3c3a0c7b5b/Dancer_and_medicine_man_from_the_Antandroy_tribe._%289420075247%29.jpg Madagascar Dancer and medicine man from the Antandroy tribe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a4ebfdae-8625-4f56-91ca-cdd33e8cd4f2/500px-Two_Antanosy_%2Cmen%2C_1900-1910.jpg Madagascar Two Antanosy ,men, 1900-1910. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b3cedfa-9f53-46dd-83c9-51d401868c2e/96338f587c3a6616f35d3f5590edf6da.jpg Madagascar Merina people of Madagascar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e1e809b-86ef-4820-8e5d-078b787b795d/Antemoro.jpg Madagascar Antemoro Girl https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5164f1b0-96f3-427b-ac28-afe6da71bbde/500px-Femmes_Betsimisarakas_puisant_de_l%27eau%2C_1890-1910.jpg Madagascar Betsimisaraka women drawing water, 1890-1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/622154fb-0821-4907-b549-031cb9c0e0d7/betsileo_02.jpg Madagascar Betsileo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d463ff2-50ea-4cf3-b24e-d5108751d6a1/An_antandroy%2C_profile.jpg Madagascar An antandroy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a80442f0-5aef-4de9-ae65-0130dc341364/Robert-Drury-journal-frontis.jpg Madagascar Antanosy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a4551db-bc5d-4719-9524-1d63b05f941a/Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg Madagascar Malagasy girls Madagascar Merina. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4863399c-252e-4814-aafd-f5f844f1b1a9/Madagascar-Tanalas.jpg Madagascar Madagascar-Tanalas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f6c48cad-39cb-46f7-ab8c-351cc162378d/betsileo_01.jpg Madagascar Betsileo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8079cbc-54cd-46b5-ab0e-493090c289a1/Betsileo_Woman.png Madagascar Betsileo_Woman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cb71b8ef-9eeb-4cbe-964a-f45065ab433d/Femme_sakalave%2C_1900-1910.jpg Madagascar Sakalave woman, 1900-1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/731819c1-534f-4101-b91c-c922dea0843e/e547ec3d802d544414b1c96cf058af11.jpg Madagascar MAJUNGA. Sakalava woman. Hairstyle model " https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2627a8de-f0f9-4848-8264-0fc62052c449/27166489a71edaf306041a180306bc98.jpg Madagascar Vintage portrait of a Bara woman in Madagascar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6ca16886-0424-448e-a4c3-793d08186ed5/Couple-Antemoro-1910.webp Madagascar Antemoro https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a8625b1-782c-4147-a102-80d46ecb1466/2a0deadae88d15d8beb7e23d259f7a1b.jpg Madagascar Tanala spearmen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/599d8513-155a-493b-9b7e-52da2811e7bb/Betsimsaraka-1914.jpg Madagascar Betsimsaraka-1914 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a32648d6-3fac-4742-b4ba-06321fe7af74/betsileo_05.jpg Madagascar Betsileo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ad3739cb-236d-4a61-b1d6-b3eaeb535b24/sakalava_01.jpg Madagascar Sakalava https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b7ee8c00-8587-430c-924f-c913da468593/sakalava_03.jpg Madagascar Sakalava https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/92e80988-1741-4b67-9dab-0c34f558456f/lossy-page1-434px-Familj%2C_Mannen_fr%C3%A5n_Anjouan_%28komorian%29%2C_kvinnan_sakalav_-_SMVK_-_010607.tif.jpg Madagascar Family, Man from Anjouan (Comorian), Woman Sakalav https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/753783bd-6bd0-4b8f-814f-4e3ef7464384/947a33f640becdc5f61f68e4916ee30b.jpg Madagascar Sakalava woman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3c58240f-0222-475d-86c7-5a17f906c082/fa85e796dd7b7c9226c18c40871f5931.jpg Madagascar Circa 1920 Bamboo Valiha Music Tanala Madagascar People https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30b465eb-002a-4122-b756-4c498b074c0b/Betsimisaraka_woman.jpg Madagascar Betsimisaraka woman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/44f47e96-abef-406d-a3a9-2a4e74e16009/sakalava_11.jpg Madagascar Sakalava https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9eea6b8c-a73f-49b8-b345-0cd9402a00f0/374px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Studioportret_van_een_Sakalava_man_uit_het_oosten_van_Madagascar_TMnr_60027442.jpg Madagascar TROPEN MUSEUM COLLECTION: Studio portrait of a Sakalava man from eastern Madagascar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/15d50a26-f68b-4b1e-bdb7-c9a0afc54cda/NSRW_Africa_Sakalava_Girl.png Madagascar NSRW Africa Sakalava Girl https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0fd1e066-9dab-46ea-892e-c5bd5226d8a2/Tanala_woman.jpg Madagascar Tanala woman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30b866c0-d2b1-4a66-8515-786e2e8a6499/Betsimisaraka_f%C3%AAte._Exposition_coloniale_de_Paris_en_1931_jpg.jpg Madagascar Betsimisaraka celebration. Colonial Exhibition of Paris in 1931 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e880561-2b09-48d3-9a50-7f5ff72db029/sakalava_10.jpg Madagascar Sakalava https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56741490-966d-419c-8250-7f59f7d527ef/The_voyages_made_by_the_sieur_D.B._to_the_islands_Dauphine_or_Madagascar_and_Bourbon_or_Mascarenne_in_the_years%2C_1669%2C_70%2C_71_and_72_%281897%29_%2814773051715%29.jpg Madagascar WOMAN OF ANTAISAKA TRIBE. 1671 of the Island Dauphine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d6b7da60-dbd1-4fe4-90b1-d7098179abf4/Afrique_Orientale-Coiffure_Betsileo.jpg Madagascar East Africa-Betsileo Hairstyle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8546414-f38e-4789-b43e-1aab1271108d/Young_dancer_from_the_Bara_tribe_with_the_common_pearl_sign_on_his_forehead._%289420075363%29.jpg Madagascar Young dancer from the Bara tribe with the common pearl sign on his forehead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/297a1d26-d99f-410d-977c-539d18c9eefa/Madagascar-Jeune_gar%C3%A7on_Antaisaka.jpg Madagascar Madagascar-Young boy Antaisaka https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/277bc1a0-f4e8-4f1e-b325-ad74b849e404/Femmes_Betsileo.jpg Madagascar Betsileo Women https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ca8d376-9939-4b64-a47e-605edba27937/Madagascar-Type_Bara_%28Sud%29.jpg Madagascar Bara Man https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2e63ea24-95c4-479f-bfa7-314ff185908e/Guerriers_Taisaka.jpg Madagascar Taisaka warriors Madagascar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1d51b5fd-ff9d-47c5-8e68-dd64b127a6e4/Coiffures_Betsileo.jpg Madagascar Betsileo Hairstyles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bea365bb-fe82-4f9b-8f2c-dc44dab39de4/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.24.50.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/melanesians daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a7d5a960-a7a5-4560-ac7c-b8829f371e3e/1-of-5.jpg Melanesians 'Photography in the Solomon Islands' via Goldsmiths University of London. https://www.gold.ac.uk/visual-anthropology/research/solomon-islands-photography/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9303fc8-59aa-46f2-8ace-2c0ec3ddc776/3-of-5.jpg Melanesians 'Photography in the Solomon Islands' via Goldsmiths University of London. https://www.gold.ac.uk/visual-anthropology/research/solomon-islands-photography/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b04886a-4fb7-4782-a956-37081597f58a/1.jpeg Melanesians View of mens house, Roviana Village, New Georgia, Western Solomon Islands, taken around 1900. Chapell Collection. Image: Unknown, Australian Museum ©. "Rev Dr Arthur Capell found this album in the Anthropology Division, University of Sydney when he took up his position there in 1944. Capell was an authority on Oceanic languages and spent his career recording and transcribing Aboriginal and Melanesian languages." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fbebe3a8-942c-4679-8f8c-6d510b4a0682/139005165_200373505139640_835877145441661215_n.jpg Melanesians 'Two well built Malaitian Islander in 1906.' via Realhistoryww. (Solomon Islands Historical Pictures) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d23868a6-4a5d-4ad5-9bfd-b6d7064a9e65/Malaita._A_Pictorial_History_from_Solomon_Islands_by_Ben_Burt_p286_-_1962_voters_at_Gwee%27abe_in_Sinalagu%2C_east_Kwaio%2C_during_the_Malaita_Council_elections.jpg Melanesians 1962 voters at Gwee'abe in Sinalagu, east Kwaio, during the Malaita Council elections. Burt, Ben (2015) Malaita. A Pictorial History from Solomon Islands, British Museum, p. 101 ISBN: 978 086159 201 2. Tony Hughes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/21ac8b33-1e6d-4423-9750-9fc83ab24a16/medium.jpg Melanesians Tree felling, San Cristoval, c.1930s. University of Melbourne Archives, Kauri Timber company, 1966.0012 unit 33. via https://library.unimelb.edu.au/asc/collections/archives/resources/research-guides/australia-and-the-pacific/solomon-islands https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/007ee6ec-de15-4a2f-84e0-f21babf7650a/English-MalaitaSolomonIslands-%5Bbetween+1900+and+1999%3F%5D.jpg Melanesians Malaita, Solomon Islands: A Man with Shaped Teeth. Photograph. [between 1900 and 1999?]. 1 photograph : photoprint, sheet 14.5 x 9.3 cm. Wellcome Collection. https://jstor.org/stable/community.36639607. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.36639607 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5be911c7-99eb-4dee-a0c5-607fef746a05/RubianalagoonKimbo-20th+century.jpg Melanesians Rubiana Lagoon, Kimbo (?), Solomon Islands: A Man with His Ears Distended by Large Earrings. Photograph. 20th century. Wellcome Collection. https://jstor.org/stable/community.24864816. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.24864816 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/def9ddc6-a47f-4835-9042-550c74de1002/SolomonIs%2CKwaioWomanWeavingStraw%2C1982.jpg Melanesians "Solomon Is, Kwaio Woman Weaving Straw, 1982 - This woman seemed curious about one of our possessions, so we handed it to her. She took this to mean that we gave it to her. The Melanesian people were generally very generous with possessions, possibly an outgrowth of the wantok system. Wantok came from the words "One Talk", meaning one's villagers or greater family. I was told that a person's wealth was based not on how much they had, but how much they had given away. This was a revelation to me. I realized that we strive so much not only to have, but to impress others and to gain their approbation. I developed the concept of Status Structure. Beyond the essentials of survival, people are motivated by what increases their status. So, depending on the Status Structure of their society, one would be motivated in very different ways. Whether the idea that one's wealth was determined by what they had given away was true or not is secondary. What is important is to realize how much nicer our human world would be if we held and lived out the belief that giving was greater than having." Year: 1982 via https://jeffshea.org/photos/solomon-is-kwaio-woman-weaving-straw-1982/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/56f98bc4-8497-44f6-9172-254b19934049/2008.354.241_1.jpg Melanesians U.S. Army Signal Corps photograph, Gift of Donald E. Mittelstaedt, from the collection of the National WWII Museum. "Several native woman of Utapua, one pregnant and two with small children in papooses pose for a photo in front of a thatched hut. "Melanesian natives on Utapua Island, Banks Island Group, 200 miles east of Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands." Utapua, Banks Islands. 194-" via https://www.ww2online.org/image/several-women-utapua-pose-photo-front-thatched-hut-utapua-banks-islands-1940s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f37a7e23-8cb1-47dc-9918-9a9c0b2f85a4/Screenshot+2025-10-15+at+8.47.51+PM.png Melanesians Korowai Tribe blog. (Korowai man with his sons) Sources: http://archnet.asu.edu/archives/educat/anth220/kinship/omaha.htm http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3458100056.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3io0epEIQ4 Gerrit j. Ban Enk,and Lourens de Vries (1997). The Korowai of Irian Jaya: Their Language in Its Cultural Context. New York. Oxford University Press. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f788ee41-ddf5-486a-9a52-d74edf49c087/b.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc1d4adb-aed4-4d89-98c5-eb4d8cf483af/e.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4a8b95f-cde1-4f1d-a412-1ec9df352840/portrait+3.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/321f37b9-e232-428c-9e5d-dccb37704412/Sols_41.jpg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e5ee2ec-aa86-4ebd-974d-278fe570ef13/elderly-Kwaio-panpipe.jpg Melanesians "The same Kwaio warrior seen in page 35, #3 The woven chain down his back is a mark of prestige: each link represents a pig he of his father successfully stole in their careers the chain is donned on special occasions after retirement from the game of pig stealing." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ffe284a4-dfe7-4fd4-9d2d-73c9e3bd1f04/Kwaio-feastgiver-shell-beads.jpg Melanesians "A young Kwaio beauty in a pensive mood (the sister of #5 on this page)." "A Kwaio feastgiver strings shell beads into valuables on the platform where he will publicly present them at the feast." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6527492a-ac1b-4c5e-9a54-ff909f537fbf/Ederly-Kwaio-Clam-shell-shave.jpg Melanesians "An elderly Kwaio man shaves by pulling out his whiskers with a clam shell." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/331db7f0-a122-49ee-a876-faf8a43d4d87/Kwaio-panpipes-ederly.jpg Melanesians "(Left) An elderly Kwaio woman, her woven “purse” over her head, wearing shell earrings. (Center) An old Kwaio warrior plays panpipes in a sacred dance. This man took a prominent part in the 1927 massacre an spent many years in jail. (Right) A Kwaio priest. This man’s whole family was wiped out by the punitive expedition following the massacre of a government party." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ccd34df6-678d-45c0-ae10-c7b1523c7e33/Kwaio-magician-kwaio-warrior-housewife.jpg Melanesians "1. A Man carves portions of taro pudding at a ritual feast. 2. A priest talks to the ancestors in a shrine. 3. A Kwaio housewife empties the day’s garden produce for the evening meal. 4. A feastgiver supervises the carving of pork portions for his guests, using strips torn on a leaf to keep track of the portions." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a226b6a-2687-4e90-9ef1-a3877736a085/kwaio-belle.jpg Melanesians "A Kwaio belle in picturesque native dress." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7706c0e2-04da-4a36-8680-c9cb76ea6d15/2.jpeg Melanesians Trading Station, Simbo Island, Western Solomon Islands. Image: Unknown, Australian Museum ©. "Rev Dr Arthur Capell found this album in the Anthropology Division, University of Sydney when he took up his position there in 1944. Capell was an authority on Oceanic languages and spent his career recording and transcribing Aboriginal and Melanesian languages." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/864819e0-dec1-4f6a-9686-8d2f28dbc506/Pg-4-1-of-2.jpg Melanesians 'Photography in the Solomon Islands' via Goldsmiths University of London. https://www.gold.ac.uk/visual-anthropology/research/solomon-islands-photography/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7acb5ecd-2d3b-4420-a6be-4a73bf9283a6/139657900_198399038670420_9122853066541083460_n.jpg Melanesians Gavutu Island and Native Solomon Islanders in 1927. Picture: UQL via Solomon Islands Historical Pictures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/70243fbc-2526-40a0-a7ed-b94d2e3316f4/Solomon-Islands-Bougainville-Island-Melanesian-nr-2-Hagen-1906-49-Courtesy.png Melanesians “Solomon Islands, Bougainville Island,” “Melanesian nr. 2” (Hagen 1906, 49). (Courtesy of Bayerische Staatsbibliothek) [This figure appears in color in the online issue] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7da36f17-4227-4600-b034-4d7526758de4/1603246.jpg Melanesians 335. New Guinea and Solomon Islands. The World Atlas. Publication date 1967 Topics Physical Publisher USSR, Moscow Rights Images may be downloaded and used following Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license. Image credit should be given to "David Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries." Please contact the David Rumsey Map Collection for commercial use. https://www.davidrumsey.com/about/copyright-and-permissions https://archive.org/details/dr_335-new-guinea-and-solomon-islands-the-world-atlas-1603246 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36234186-c096-4c4b-8eff-7c2ccecf0e54/Extendedearlobe.jpg Melanesians Extended Ear Lobe, Rubriand, Solomon Islands. n.d. Wellcome Collection. https://jstor.org/stable/community.24801784. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.24801784 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e781eb0a-2d97-464e-8153-83fa2af8aa82/Andrew-UnknownSolomonIsland-1890-1910.jpg Melanesians Thomas Andrew. Unknown Solomon Island Man. 1890-1910. 166, 216. Museum of New Zealand - Te Papa Tongarewa; Collection: Photography. https://jstor.org/stable/community.27114398. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.27114398 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8dc5afe8-0b7c-4b65-a213-3db203601f1d/SolomonIslands%2CUmbuni%2C1982.jpg Melanesians "Solomon Islands, Umbuni, 1982 - The area of the world known as Melanesia had the most profound impact on me of all my travels. From the moment I arrived, I began to see the world differently; the people lived in a society with such different values than the ones I had previously been exposed to. Here, life was hard and men lived boldly. Umbuni was the chief's son. To reach his land, the Kwaio, I sailed across the Pacific Ocean to Honiara, the capital of the Solomon Islands, traveled to Malaita by local boat, took a truck across the island, then caught a ride with Fred Billy Akwafaasie across a large stretch of ocean in a motorized canoe to Sinalagu Bay. Fred Billy was a Christian. He walked Kelly Soma and I up the steep bush track to the frontier of the Kwaio. Fred Billy's village had been converted to Christianity by missionaries, whereas Umbuni's people rejected conversion. On the way up the bush track I asked Fred Billy if he still believed in the old ways. At first he flatly denied it, but then he revealed that traditional beliefs linger for a long time. He said, "No, I don't believe in the old ways?but sometimes at night, you can feel the spirits of the ancestors." Ancestors were worshipped in the Kwaio in skull houses, where the skulls of their forefathers resided. I asked Umbuni what would happen if I entered his land without his father's permission. Umbuni, a gentle and kind man, stated his case simply and without aggression: "I would kill you."" Year: 1982 via https://jeffshea.org/photos/solomon-islands-umbuni-1982/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/79fb57a4-9c52-43b4-84f3-d46567ddce4c/Malaita_9.jpg Melanesians "1944-52: Solomon Islanders Establish Autonomus Village Movement." via https://libcom.org/article/1944-52-solomon-islanders-establish-autonomus-village-movement https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf082adb-8703-4d38-9ccf-ea57968857d3/Screenshot+2025-10-15+at+8.47.24+PM.png Melanesians Korowai Tribe blog. (at the fire in the tree house) Sources: http://archnet.asu.edu/archives/educat/anth220/kinship/omaha.htm http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3458100056.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3io0epEIQ4 Gerrit j. Ban Enk,and Lourens de Vries (1997). The Korowai of Irian Jaya: Their Language in Its Cultural Context. New York. Oxford University Press. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/edf49c72-8253-44e7-9c23-35e9da53b984/c.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/173911c2-8c2d-405d-9607-179bdd09ed58/portrait+1.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65f2ae26-acff-422b-a44d-b953477f4b9a/portrait+5.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3bd11344-f623-441f-810d-7b943a35bce4/Sols_42.jpg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/45d7b777-e393-4d64-beda-8cf1c2839e1e/Elderly-Magician-spell.jpg Melanesians An elderly Kwaio man shaves by pulling out his whiskers with a clam shell." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9d8dae6-1eda-4e70-aaaf-df899cbd4095/Kwaio-beauty.jpg Melanesians "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cd7f2312-dd5f-4e75-9884-e6c34d1d8b41/Kwaio-host-ritual-feast.jpg Melanesians "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a8e8f9e-9c1e-4e6b-ac25-0453f2fc15bc/Kwaio-elderly-woman.jpg Melanesians " An elderly woman, still doing her share of the domestic labor, brings bamboos of water back to the village." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e23e3f01-3aff-4f73-9a2a-3e1a00c28676/Pg-4-2-of-2.jpg Melanesians 'Photography in the Solomon Islands' via Goldsmiths University of London. https://www.gold.ac.uk/visual-anthropology/research/solomon-islands-photography/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd9148ff-66b9-48aa-b418-daeb464f7ecb/Pg-5-2-of-4.jpg Melanesians 'Photography in the Solomon Islands' via Goldsmiths University of London. https://www.gold.ac.uk/visual-anthropology/research/solomon-islands-photography/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f5091555-f7cb-4535-9192-9577f36a5feb/mini_magick20251013-10-2z0ye8.webp Melanesians Solomon Islanders in Samoa. Rutherford, Alexander Mathieson, 1915-1998 :Photographs of Samoa. Ref: PA1-o-445-120. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/23021489 "A group of Solomon Islanders indentured by the Germans for work in Samoa photographed by Alfred John Tattersall" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65f9dcc9-e9ee-410b-8308-5eede68429ea/Screenshot+2025-10-15+at+7.48.50+PM.png Melanesians "Brenda Pilly from Mono Island, Western Province, was only 10 years old when World War II arrived on her island. Ms Pilly is one of many Solomon Islanders profiled in the new book." via https://www.solomontimes.com/news/new-book-features-solomon-lifestyle/7023 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38650d09-5f47-4d68-80c4-2ca30bf7b1ae/Andrew-UnknownSolomonIslands-1890-1910.jpg Melanesians Thomas Andrew. Unknown Solomon Islands Man. 1890-1910. Black and white photograph, albumen print, 166, 216. Museum of New Zealand - Te Papa Tongarewa; Collection: Photography. https://jstor.org/stable/community.27114399. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e02f8e45-f7d5-4ade-a7ab-07f8dc7706f6/NewGeorgiaSolomon-20th+century.jpg Melanesians New Georgia, Solomon Islands: A Man with His Ears Deformed by Heavy Earrings. Photograph. 20th century. Wellcome Collection. https://jstor.org/stable/community.24864814. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.24864814 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6ed12828-4b68-4035-8ed1-8be57bc5ceb6/Women_of_all_nations%2C_a_record_of_their_characteristics%2C_habits%2C_manners%2C_customs_and_influenc Melanesians "Solomon Islands girls: With fibre petticoats, and ornaments of beads and shells. Their hair, from being constantly plastered with lime, is bleached to a reddish hue. 1908" Women of all nations, a record of their characteristics, habits, manners, customs and influence. Authors: Joyce, Thomas Athol, 1878-1942 Thomas, Northcote Whitridge, 1868- Publisher: London, New York (etc.) : Cassell and Company, limited Contributing Library: University of California Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_of_all_nations,_a_record_of_their_characteristics,_habits,_manners,_customs_and_influence;_%281908%29_%2814770196725%29.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3594d71a-35c7-4bcb-a515-b8e07193dc01/SolomonIslands%2CUmbuniFamily2%2C1982.jpg Melanesians "Solomon Islands, Umbuni and Family, 1982 - Here, Umbuni stands with his wife and child. Kwaio women who were married wore a blue cloth over their genitals, whereas unmarried young women went naked. We learned a lot about the traditions of the Kwaio from David and Katie, Peace Corp workers who lived in the Kwaio. David and Katie seemed to half-believe in the ancestors themselves. Maybe they too could feel the presence of the ancestors at night. I almost felt I could. When in areas of the world where beliefs run strong, it is hard not to feel these local energies, no matter how unexplained they might be. The Kwaio had unusual beliefs, and there were many taboos, or tambus. Woman went to the "flower house" during their menstruation. It was tambu for a man to go there. Women were not allowed to step over anything that a man might come in contact with. Interestingly, they believed in "retroactive contamination." As an example of this principle, if a man touched an implement before a woman who was menstruating touched it, then she touched it later, he would become retroactively contaminated." Year: 1982 via via https://jeffshea.org/photos/solomon-islands-umbuni-1982/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/31414e75-f3ed-4703-8591-3cbb98396080/Solomon-Islands-Umbunis-Family-1982.jpg Melanesians "Umbuni’s family. The adults, from left to right: his sister, his wife, his grandmother and Umbuni, 1982 Solomon Islands, Malaita Province, Kwaio - 35mm film" Year: 1982 via https://jeffshea.org/photos/umbunis-family/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e2940d3-bf13-4a8b-a63f-b6b2b5f066b5/d.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d353c679-598b-4995-8e89-ddc6d429789b/portrait+2.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5ab2b33-83f3-4d80-a0d1-e0430e08f416/portrait+6.jpeg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef70ae58-f896-43f4-b3b7-95cc8c54e9ed/Sols_43.jpg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af92e3d9-0828-44fd-b98f-5699236751ee/Kwaio-Lad1.jpg Melanesians "A young Kwaio Lad." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/23496da4-acae-40e2-9968-27770b262a38/priest-chews-betel-sacramental.jpg Melanesians "A priest chews betel before performing a sacramental rite for his descent group." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/62dc1f45-0b86-44bd-9d8a-aee453021cdb/Kwaio-woman-taro-root.jpg Melanesians "A group of Kwaio girls and women eat roast taro outside their house. This afternoon meal is the only large regular meal of the day." "The Anthropologist’s Dilemma." Expedition Magazine 14, no. 3 (March, 1972): https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-anthropologists-dilemma/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2bdc5f50-c2aa-45c8-9ccb-c6057c487311/Sols_48.jpg Melanesians "Revisiting the Solomon Islands, 50 years on #2" via https://www.joannamaclean.com/revisiting-solomon-islands-50-years-2/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/04c0c115-bd08-48a1-a285-e8076dff6917/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.29.47.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/oceanic-history daily 0.75 2025-11-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/70cd98aa-4c08-4348-9834-3134b01a9bd4/Screenshot+2025-10-15+at+10.38.12+PM.png Oceanic History Library Fiji and Solomon Islands, 1915-1916 by Mann, William M., 1886-1960 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c39ed350-d3ed-453f-85ad-34da8599236e/Screenshot+2025-11-10+at+22.25.09.png Oceanic History Library Living with Land and Sea Solomon Island https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-british-publications daily 0.75 2025-10-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f6a2da6-c29a-40a2-b454-526d95f04e03/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+22.49.30.png Black British Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/498c97d4-be9f-430f-86a3-e908e0642be4/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+22.55.38.png Black British Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f874b0a1-4a11-474a-9550-e0ac5bdffe5c/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+22.56.04.png Black British Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e1117b09-5b3e-4e81-b084-f8488fee3646/Screenshot+2025-10-20+at+22.56.17.png Black British Publications https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/zulu daily 0.75 2025-10-23 https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-british-publications-1 daily 0.75 2026-03-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d69d5ad9-f115-4082-8829-df602bd7526c/1000018822.jpg Black British Publications Race Today Vol 6 Issue 7, July 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d99183b-1bf8-455c-9a43-2e9e4069c3de/1000018838.jpg Black British Publications Race Today Vol.10 No.1, January, 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06a1a0ae-4478-4d3f-a6a4-ca39fce361ee/1000018844.jpg Black British Publications Race Today, Vol.2 No.9 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a61abb94-ff1c-46fe-af4e-702f6e4634e6/1000018906.jpg Black British Publications Echoes Magazine, August 1987 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4af19d0a-a121-4376-af75-80018b7d5ed2/256p+%2819%29.jpg Black British Publications Race Today vol.6 No.6 June 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8665c895-f574-4daf-8936-62056ef53468/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+8.46.12%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today vol. 8 no. 7, July/ August 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0fd261c2-02c3-4a92-81e5-52c1b88fc9e3/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+8.51.56%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today vol.8 no.4, April, 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/77a0dc9d-71b0-4971-b123-73bf134a49d5/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.03.53%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.7 No.11, November, 1975 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/188587d0-3c21-4320-a062-79e09ac399e0/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.11.47%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.7 No.10, October 1975 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/81d5270e-9a12-41a4-9964-7e0f6984d738/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.15.51%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.7 No.4, April 1975 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/05234cc3-af73-4d4f-9e94-1968f0fdba5b/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.19.48%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.6 No.10, October 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2478334-ef28-4b6d-a53c-63567834205f/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.26.38%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.6 No.3, March 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1997d29c-dc89-4eaa-bc4f-8459ee47005a/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.34.16%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol 9 No.1, February 1977 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Publications The Road Make to Walk on Carnival Day https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/789bfe4f-5a9c-4e07-9647-7457acef4355/1000018846.jpg Black British Publications Race Today Vol.2 No.11, November 1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/967b54ad-2d78-4f34-90a7-98b2f58f1e56/256p+%2818%29.jpg Black British Publications Race Today vol.6 No.4 April 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/448a28f2-9d3c-458d-8f84-0d76bc5013b2/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+8.48.53%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today vol.8 no.5, May, 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fe648681-17b4-4ae0-b804-0987825fddf9/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+8.53.07%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today vol.8 no.3, March, 1976 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Vol.1 No. 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/092c83f9-6cb8-45a9-9a8a-aae0633ff3ca/256p+%2817%29.jpg Black British Publications Race Today vol.6 No.3 March 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4bbd1567-de98-40e7-b2d9-4eec8b90b671/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+8.50.37%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today vol.8 no.11, November 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c054ef1e-47b4-45f5-af28-8f8d371216dc/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+8.54.45%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today vol.8 no.1, January 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c773f686-ca8c-41ad-aec0-731a941aeb3d/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.07.56%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.9 No.7, November/December, 1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fb11471d-b91b-4988-80e4-1cec709facf0/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.14.45%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.7 No.9, September 1975 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3d6bf7fd-7533-4768-8110-f932bb39e9f1/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.18.58%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.6 No.11, November 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/768ffc8d-5189-485b-b707-478c7b7116a3/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.24.07%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.6 No.4, April 1974 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1265117f-1620-425a-8c6d-17628a83344a/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.29.56%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.2 No.10, October 1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f31b8105-0b36-46b4-a229-0030e69c5c8d/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.37.29%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today, Vol.9 No.4, June/July,1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfc0ab65-6ed5-4aff-9acf-855f92d2b072/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.41.33%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.8 No.9, September, 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9abfe629-b97e-4176-94b1-b4f499e6283e/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.48.45%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.10 No.4, May/June 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7d859db-96fd-4348-b85f-a8faa3752f6c/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.53.43%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.10 No.7, November/December 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/23faeb84-9b7a-4629-93dd-145c9e59d87b/Screenshot+2026-03-04+at+9.55.56%E2%80%AFAM.png Black British Publications Race Today Vol.5 No.11, December 1973 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6c2c6e59-2299-4e7c-ade6-f7e51bbad3ac/1000018910.jpg Black British Publications The West Indies and Jamaican Gazzette https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/afro-linguist daily 0.75 2026-03-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b6798cf-b2b8-4f33-b6bc-d6a45294e5a5/mini_magick20220715-26274-j16uxu.png Afro-Linguistics “You're not staying in Island sha o”: O, sha and abi as pragmatic markers in Nigerian English, Foluke Olayinka Unuabonah, Rotimi Olanrele Oladipupo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/63973ee6-3e0e-47de-9f1c-44b4211925bf/images+%282%29.jfif Afro-Linguistics A Linguistic Geography of Africa Edited by Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/038f16ff-71ce-449c-a89c-6628f1cca182/images+%283%29.jfif Afro-Linguistics An introduction to pidgins and creoles, John Holm https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/faeea2f7-18a8-4ea9-a532-2ebc6d9721fa/IMG_20251112_102510.jpg Afro-Linguistics Urban Jamaican Creole by Peter L. Patrick https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea2e81aa-d54b-4d00-8368-b10b8f93fe80/IMG_20251112_102705.jpg Afro-Linguistics The Domestication Of Spoken English in Nigeria by Bassey A. Okon and Stella A. Ansa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/18b84592-e507-4de3-b1b7-70ee822d1dd6/IMG_20251112_102849.jpg Afro-Linguistics The Translators Invisibility by Lawrence Venuti https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4dce7371-0c01-47c8-802b-a402c75be606/IMG_20251112_103051.jpg Afro-Linguistics Tori Shweet for Cameroon Pidgin English by Peter Wuteh Vakunta https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3e9b80bd-fd23-4fdb-a97e-8d85d1fa89ff/1000019423.jpg Afro-Linguistics Contact Languages - A wider perspective. Edited by Sarah G. Thomason https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/acbc88d6-f86f-4d18-9c23-af08054bc75b/1000019427.jpg Afro-Linguistics Due Respect - Papers on English and English-Related Creoles in the Caribbean in Honour of Professor Robert Le Page. Edited by Pauline Christie. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0b215106-fdb5-494c-a343-145bb194f33a/1000019431.jpg Afro-Linguistics From Spaniard to Creole - The Archeology of Cultural Formation at Puerto Real, Haiti. By Charles R. Ewen. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27c31e12-5fa3-4551-bd05-7e3630e86c05/1000019435.jpg Afro-Linguistics Creole Language Library. Editors: Jacqueline Arends and John Victor Singler https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dc00bd29-37b8-4718-b764-8b8e9bb8c25d/1000019439.jpg Afro-Linguistics From Creole to Standard - Shakespeare, Language, and Literature in a Postcolonial Context. By Roshni Mooneeram. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da082e87-0006-4a61-bfbd-38e062af957f/1000019443.jpg Afro-Linguistics DESCRIPTIONS, TRANSLATIONS AND THE CARIBBEAN: From Fruits to Rastafarians By Rosanna Masiola and Renato Tomei https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/000bb52b-1545-4a3d-86de-35c83b3fe1c8/1000019447.jpg Afro-Linguistics Decolonizing Linguistics EDITED BY ANNE H. CHARITY HUDLEY, CHRISTINE MALLINSON AND MARY BUCHOLTZ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6499dc9b-6c0f-4dfc-a4d9-5fa881ec64dd/1000019451.jpg Afro-Linguistics GHANAIAN PIDGIN ENGLISH IN ITS WEST AFRICAN CONTEXT: A SOCIOHISTORICAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS By MAGNUS HUBER https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/48cfb659-4cb4-415b-96ad-1e64e462850c/IMG_20251112_103308.jpg Afro-Linguistics The Missing Spanish Creoles by John H.Mcwhorter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cbeb3a0b-2892-40d8-8cae-ab5196a35def/Screenshot_20251119-135421.jpg Afro-Linguistics Innovation in Nigerian English by Edmund O. Bamiro https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/126cd3c7-c92b-42a2-8517-da190065ae9a/Screenshot_20251119-135508.jpg Afro-Linguistics Language Attitude and Language Conflict In West Africa Edited by Herbert Igboanausi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/341c4c2c-f7d8-4c28-b9fd-151fc8349563/Screenshot_20251119-135651.jpg Afro-Linguistics Language and National Identity in Africa Edited by Andrew Simpson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/18e48e15-d81a-4893-9bf0-d21eb714c7a6/Screenshot+2026-02-16+at+8.35.58%E2%80%AFAM.png Afro-Linguistics Black Linguistics: Language, Society and Politics in Africa and the Americas by Arthur K. Spears, Arnetha Ball, Sinfree Makoni & Geneva Smitherman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8024ab37-9c62-4e5b-852e-5565c8f24817/Screenshot+2026-02-16+at+8.49.22%E2%80%AFAM.png Afro-Linguistics The Aruba Language and the Papiamento Jargon by Albert Samuel Gatschet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8376bea-de8f-4449-8851-2ac477acb15c/Bondum+Dom+Dogo Afro-Linguistics A Grammar of Najamba Dogon by Jeffrey Heath https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/66626681-853b-409c-8f09-6b3c6d3324f1/2679509.jpg Afro-Linguistics A Dictionary of Nigerian —English Usage, Herbert Igboanusi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/370a3f22-e6e0-4076-ab78-c0721552b833/content.jfif Afro-Linguistics Advances in Contact Linguistics In honour of Pieter Muysken Edited by Norval Smith University of Amsterdam, Tonjes Veenstra ZAS, Enoch O. Aboh University of Amsterdam https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f08dfeb2-30b8-4ec8-be1f-d4bf46efcbe9/content+%282%29.jfif Afro-Linguistics Africans and Globalization: Linguistic, Literary, and Technological Contents and Discontents, by Akinloyè Òjó (Editor, Contributor), Karim Traore (Editor, Contributor), Oyinlola Longe (Editor, Contributor), https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c76f4a9e-b870-4ab1-89f3-c63205fc5574/IMG_20251112_102541.jpg Afro-Linguistics The Jamaica Reader by Diana Paton and Matthew J.Smith, editors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f6ec3f90-46da-402a-8c6f-e964ed1b6e76/IMG_20251112_102728.jpg Afro-Linguistics The story of Human Language by Professor John McWhorter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7cde852d-4d17-424b-985a-9da041964ba9/IMG_20251112_102923.jpg Afro-Linguistics The Other Tongue by Braj B. Kachru https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2ff25fd7-d7e5-40fa-847c-2ed3c71d81d8/IMG_20251112_103117.jpg Afro-Linguistics The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism Edited by Tej K.Bhatia and William C.Ritchie https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/792754ca-2f95-43cd-93cc-773c3e5af4e5/1000019424.jpg Afro-Linguistics Current Approaches to African Linguistics (Vol.5) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7dcb7e9-cf59-4d57-97f5-0112ed33e84d/1000019428.jpg Afro-Linguistics Exploring the Boundaries of Caribbean Creole Languages. Edited by Hazel Simmons Mcdonald and Ian Robertson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80fda272-bdc4-4b1c-b319-3ad1318577f4/1000019432.jpg Afro-Linguistics Gradual Creolization. Edited by Rachel Selbach, Hugo C. Cardoso, Margate van den Berg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e269a69f-0714-4f77-b22d-dc582a3896ff/1000019436.jpg Afro-Linguistics Codeswitching on the Web. By Lars Hinrichs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c6a3d4c-c2da-4e93-ab05-6ed2b5711ea7/1000019440.jpg Afro-Linguistics Contact Englishes of the Eastern Caribbean EDITED BY Michael Aceto and Jeffey P. Willams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/163ddee6-47a6-472c-937c-eaaac0b944c1/1000019444.jpg Afro-Linguistics CREOLE GENESIS AND THE ACQUISITION OF GRAMMAR: THE CASE OF HAITIAN CREOLE By CLAIRE LEFEBVRE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2425ca14-fa87-4f5a-8edb-d5a477be0e5e/1000019448.jpg Afro-Linguistics DEGREES OF RESTRUCTURING IN CREOLE LANGUAGES EDITED BY Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh, Edgar W. Schneider https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/26fa7929-18ba-4424-9df4-9f4b6f6022eb/1000019452.jpg Afro-Linguistics GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS IN A RADICAL CREOLE VERB COMPLEMENTATION IN SARAMACCAN By FRANCIS BYRNE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/40e79bb5-74c4-44a3-953c-0b63fab461e0/IMG_20251112_103337.jpg Afro-Linguistics The Oxford Handbook Of African American Language Edited by Sonja Lanehart https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fcea5b6-fec5-45b6-b405-beeef5015cef/Screenshot_20251119-135406.jpg Afro-Linguistics Inheritance and Innovation in a Colonial Language by William Jennings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b0ececb-936c-43b3-9bb3-c438901ef7c8/Screenshot_20251119-135456.jpg Afro-Linguistics Kriyol Syntax by Alain Kihm https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4dc31cd9-4290-4a40-937b-350a6a503578/external_content.jpg Afro-Linguistics The Literary History of the Igbo Novel: African Literature in African Languages by Ernest N. 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S. C. Okolo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c6dda558-fa87-4350-b458-a78690e77272/1000018978.jpg African Philosophy African Philosophy Essential Read - Tsenay Serequeberhan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5031a073-3745-4c06-94ca-61577e2e4ef0/1000018983.jpg African Philosophy A Short History of African Philosophy, Second Edition - Barry Hallen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b105cd8c-93db-4d82-a194-c5add39dfce5/1000018987.jpg African Philosophy African Ethics and Death- Moral Status and Human Dignity in Ubuntu Thinking https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34dac888-3ab4-4b64-918e-f4f37434c49d/1000018993.jpg African Philosophy A Companion to African Philosophy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6e0dbaa9-1eae-4110-a931-6e94d53d9bea/1000018998.jpg African Philosophy African Philosophy in Search of Identity by D. A. Masolo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8a98e82-ca9e-49fd-80a6-a6c6261f5a46/1000018979.jpg African Philosophy African Pasts, Presents, and Futures - Touria Khannous https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/african-combs daily 0.75 2026-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b6a712e7-2655-4847-bd46-7625031596ca/1000019524.jpg African Combs Women’s hair ornaments, Angola, 1900. Made out of ivory and bone. Kept in Redpath Museum, McGill University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0bcb128e-3492-4a16-9b39-1157d8fc0fa2/1000019529.jpg African Combs Wooden hair comb from the Chokwe tradition. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3db1be99-e851-4cee-94f0-f7ee8f28e288/1000019534.jpg African Combs Comb from the Akan people, made in ivory. 19th-20th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/61c37ab8-30e3-42e6-8937-c618603f6a41/1000019533.jpg African Combs Ivory comb from the Lagoon or Akan people featuring a female ancestor sculpture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0e62694c-e707-4106-97e4-39245096c338/1000019542.jpg African Combs Wooden comb from Mali. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/469e1332-0a88-47c7-9d6e-c32b46ad01c9/1000019544.jpg African Combs Wooden comb from Mali. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b96b5951-dd60-4589-9d71-cd617b551565/1000019546.jpg African Combs Carved wooden comb from the Chokwe people. Democratic Republic of Congo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/81bd48eb-cb8d-4f45-a287-801bc96cb3ff/1000019549.jpg African Combs Carved ivory comb from Angola. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a7ea5e5-18e1-4b66-aa0a-6c276dcf68f3/1000019548.jpg African Combs Cisakulo (comb) by the Chokwe people, Angola. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6a29e2a-e9e6-48d7-9143-2997bd800cc2/7.png African Combs Comb, Edo people, 16th - 19th century. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4bd584f-6058-4b1f-aebf-03f0d2ed6feb/2.jpeg African Combs Comb with Figure, Baule people, 19th –mid-20th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94524ef6-427f-4521-8f9e-b816d65de560/15.png African Combs Comb, Naqada I, 1887. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/327163ca-72d1-471c-b236-cd698c564572/11.jpeg African Combs Comb decorated with an ostrich, Predynastic, Late Naqada l–Naqada II, ca. 3900–3500 B.C. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0389c37b-b049-4773-8a84-0618ba5543d9/9.png African Combs Comb, Democratic Republic of Congo. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/266ca2e9-8b04-4660-863c-adf1d5fd4702/13.png African Combs Comb, Naqada I, 1887. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/436333f7-e64f-4064-bb2f-cfbfdbafe4b2/24.png African Combs Comb, Somalia. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/17ded297-2a33-4007-9105-f185098cdd28/18.png African Combs Comb, Egypt. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4051710-6693-460c-86ff-ee1787ba66ca/22.jpg African Combs Comb, Nguni artist, Late 19th-early 20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d339bf99-c735-4f37-a2c7-0473fa35522a/27.png African Combs Comb, Calabar, 1902. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5a015fce-d0d3-4655-882e-0031af2b0f4c/32.jpg African Combs Comb, Asante artist, Mid 20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/482bf566-2bdf-4744-82ab-041a9f0da33c/19.png African Combs Comb, Egypt, Late Christian Period. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/315f6fa7-5250-409f-9cce-1198561d45ed/36.jpg African Combs Comb, Asante artist, 1932. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d07b1f88-392a-4b4d-a398-ed095d9ba894/38.jpg African Combs Hair combs, Edo State, early 20th century. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c5d38e7e-31aa-4f7c-bb04-29146dd07a91/40.png African Combs Comb, Central Africa, Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e4ea2815-42b3-4e75-a24f-be7a2d3b3e7f/1000019526.jpg African Combs Comb made out of wood. Angola. Made out of ivory and bone. Kept in Redpath Museum, McGill University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d1862a2-2dd0-4b32-8864-46bcb402fd89/1000019531.jpg African Combs Chokwe Cisakulo (Comb), Angola https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c8e1f8d9-7d71-4094-9581-b4b97f9a39e0/1000019535.jpg African Combs Tanzanian wooden comb. 20th century. Brücke Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e9505b28-20e4-43ff-9590-83a048e96f0f/1000019539.jpg African Combs Comb, Wood, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 20th century, The figure in this comb is a representation of the Chokwe founder, Chibinda Ilunga. He was a Luba hunter of royal descent, who married the queen of the neighboring Lunda, and together they established the Chokwe. Chibinda Ilunga is still regarded as a hero and role model, and his image appears frequently in their art, distinguished by his elaborate chief's headdress. He established the concept of 'sacred kingship' among the Chokwe, identifying rulers as representatives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8f8cec8d-7a7f-4be0-9c80-f27a107e7f06/1000019543.jpg African Combs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a58b42a5-ce3e-42d8-a7bb-d93ba8dbef03/1000019545.jpg African Combs Carved wooden comb from the Chokwe people. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d8a3c99-b8ba-4684-b834-867e587aa022/1000019550.jpg African Combs Carved wooden comb from the Luba people. Democratic Republic of Congo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9873e569-827d-44e1-994c-f72a55d289b8/1000019547.jpg African Combs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b79b2030-ec89-456c-a4ea-d4c5ddc0ceef/1000019551.jpg African Combs Wooden comb from South Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/346cb43a-00f2-4858-bd87-8d16636ba127/8.jpg African Combs Comb, Attié artist, 20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a7846ec4-adff-4104-b133-def87ce6f1ba/5.jpeg African Combs Comb, Akan peoples, Asante, 20th century. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6ee84fc1-c9f8-465f-85da-8c213f4c76d8/16.png African Combs Comb, Roman Period, Egypt. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a8888a78-8716-4939-949d-f63a73d3f1af/12.jpeg African Combs Hair Comb Decorated with Rows of Wild Animals, Predynastic, Late Naqada III, ca. 3200–3100 B.C. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/652dc350-0b0d-499c-9114-702f7dbcdcb9/10.jpeg African Combs Comb with a pair of ducks, Predynastic, Late Naqada l–Naqada II, ca. 3900–3500 B.C. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2edc2a7e-4f12-4f9d-a497-162f6447e9e0/17.png African Combs Comb, Egypt. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/06c28cef-7345-4b3b-a5e9-0b1634ff618b/25.png African Combs Comb, Comoro Islands, 1928. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69aff283-e943-4af5-9276-e0487a15f84f/20.png African Combs Comb, Roman Period, Egypt. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0dedeffa-5caa-4aac-8ec9-0b6f27f99135/26.jpg African Combs Comb, Yao artist, Late 19th-early 20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4934b268-3d58-47ee-94ba-0a8e863875e2/29.png African Combs Comb, Baga. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/863c53ab-8291-44ce-a965-f0b443db1337/33.jpg African Combs Comb, Akan artist, Mid 20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71f22fce-e91b-4843-9816-1867a8c87fb7/30.png African Combs Comb, West Africa. The British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f4c17aa-9082-456c-a479-0cb0d4031751/35.jpg African Combs Comb, Asante artist, Mid 20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f4c17aa-9082-456c-a479-0cb0d4031751/35.jpg African Combs Comb, Asante artist, Mid 20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fe7455f9-3c80-4132-90c6-2c237b965349/37.jpg African Combs Comb, Baule artist, Early to mid-20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0c71e7e-a849-44bb-abc7-39b26bdd5e82/39.jpeg African Combs Comb, reign of Ahmose–Joint reign, Egypt, New Kingdom Period. The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90d14e64-affa-4a9e-a668-394a9a56aa7a/41.png African Combs Comb, Central Africa, Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b752959-f55f-4efa-86b7-2b67677bc530/34.jpg African Combs Comb, Akan artist, Early-Mid-20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b752959-f55f-4efa-86b7-2b67677bc530/34.jpg African Combs Comb, Akan artist, Early-Mid-20th century. National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-british-publications-archives daily 0.75 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cff38ab2-db7e-434e-8a10-cf555eb1140c/what-is-raas.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Publications archives RAAS The front cover of a Michael X's pamphlet with the title 'What is RAAS' written across it. Date 1970 Catalogue reference MEPO 28/4 The Racial Action Adjustment Society, or RAAS, was the brainchild of Michael X. Born Michael de Freitas in Port of Spain, Trinidad in 1933, Michael came to England in the late 1950s as a merchant seaman. He would later change his name to Michael Abdul Malik, following his conversion to Islam, but was best known as Michael X. The name was given to him by a reporter after Malcolm X, on his visit to England in 1965, referred to him as his ‘brother.’ Michael chose the name 'The Racial Action Adjustment Society' for comedic effect. The acronym, RAAS, doubled as a swearword in Jamaican Patois (meaning ‘arse,’ and often used with ‘claat’ meaning ‘cloth’ for toilet paper, or sanitary towel). Michael thought it would be funny to hear white people unknowingly repeat it in media content and viewed it as a way of poking fun at the establishment, capitalising on their failure to grasp Black vernacular. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34c58eb9-0c7a-4338-97fe-5a0dcc296f00/1000018828.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today Vol.8 No.10, October 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2bb6c9ea-dc9c-4449-bc59-36577bc00b31/256p+%2840%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.9 No.3 April/May 1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d76de13-5a16-4987-8c09-90812cc6101a/256p+%2849%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.10 No.6 September /October 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f68e8627-d0f3-44a2-9866-617437c6b913/256p+%2853%29.jpg Black British Publications archives The struggle of Asian workers in Britain Race today1983 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7466894c-8bd0-4f27-867b-161762f07b5c/256p+%2837%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.8 No.11 November 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b9ac6b7-12b7-47d6-8aa7-0b745244f4d9/256p+%2846%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.10 No.2 February 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3db18992-cf4f-45bb-8ef6-a3193befcadc/The-Keys_1_062324.jpg Black British Publications archives ''Quarterly journal The Keys was first published in July 1933, with Jamaican-born Doctor Harold Moody as its editor. ‘The Official Organ of the League of Coloured Peoples,’ it aimed to address ‘the racial misunderstanding’ that was prevalent in society, both in Britain and beyond.'' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f91022c-6eb1-44a2-8bde-4de1b1162e1a/mepo-31-21-sou.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Publications archives Black People’s News Service Two pages from Black People's News Service. The left page shows two black men raising their fists. Date 1970 Catalogue reference MEPO 31/21 Black People’s News Service was a publication by the British Black Panther Party, the largest Black Power group in Britain at this time. Police described the organisation as ‘black militant extremists’. Yet, the aims of the movement describe concerns about employment, housing, education and police brutality. The newspaper detailed their work including Black history sessions, political education courses, and supporting Black people through the courts. It also tracked global Black liberation struggles, and reported local experiences of racism in London. It was taken as evidence as part of the Mangrove Nine trial, seized from Rhodan Gordon's house during his arrest. Copies of the publication were also sold at the Mangrove march, as seen in photographic police evidence. The British Black Panther Party was relatively short lived, but other organisations appeared around this time. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/404027dc-3d54-4639-bd37-80b0b5331acf/1000018830.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today Vol.8 No.9, September, 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/657426c0-8d28-48b8-978f-ce32ed846b1f/256p+%2839%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.9 No.2 March/April 1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fad13db7-cb4b-4858-b278-a7c2e0f3c67f/256p+%2848%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.10 No.4 May/June 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9c3b452c-1506-43bd-8eed-ef06ee3c112a/256p+%2851%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.11 No.1. January 1979 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fdae63c6-20ee-40e9-881c-768d7dbdcc9d/256p+%2834%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.8 No.7-8 July/August 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/05054f6e-fcf0-496d-8e61-d61fb2aada9a/256p+%2845%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.10 No.1 January 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/63d083ef-6d2b-4d94-a34d-1184fd9d6be1/The-Keys-1937_1_062320.jpg Black British Publications archives The Key's Journal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/917c3bfc-0184-4780-a083-afeda02bfdce/1000018832.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today Vol.10 No.4, May / June 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/383e8a71-7538-40c3-9c83-dc5764dcc288/256p+%2838%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.8 No.12 December 1976/January 1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ec9be3f3-0fce-4864-8a6f-3d7599213ece/256p+%2847%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.10 No.3 March 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9343faf4-6978-4ddc-8cf7-24152d9c2f68/256p+%2850%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.10 No.7 November/December 1978 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d1dce7d-aaee-42f0-a65c-99c055bd2446/256p+%2833%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.8 No.5 May 1976 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bd075de0-7793-4816-8a2f-cc42242afad5/256p+%2844%29.jpg Black British Publications archives Race Today vol.9 No.7 November/December 1977 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f892864-a718-48e8-a503-86bf15ee800a/African-Telegraph-and-Gold-Coast-768x377_062304.jpg Black British Publications archives ''The African Telegraph and Gold Coast Mirror was published in London from 1914. However, as academic Professor K.A.B. Jones-Quartey noted in his survey of the Gold Coast press, the African Telegraph and Gold Coast Mirror was a ‘child of both worlds.’ Jones-Quartey goes on to describe how:It was printed in London in technical perfection, but was sponsored in Accra, and was lavishly illustrated with pictures from the then Gold Coast while at the same time carrying a wide coverage of West African affairs.'' https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/harlem-renaissance daily 0.75 2026-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d9bda188-b79a-4573-92ac-eb81a4444726/Screenshot+2026-02-13+at+8.02.36%E2%80%AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Cover of the October 1928 issue of The Negro American with photograph of Miss Erma Sweatt, sister of civil-rights activist Heman Sweatt. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fff74a1-4550-4fca-8b3d-04c6fd19ea3b/The+Unmistakable+Black+Roots+of+%27Sesame+Street%27.jpg Harlem Renaissance G. G. G. Studio in Harlemm, photographed by James Van Der Zee circa 1925. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770990123001-5P10Y6BOBQWSYJ8F9NLC/James%252BVan%252BDer%252BZee%252BImage.jpg Harlem Renaissance Portrait of Girl in Fancy Dress, photographed by James Van Der Zee, circa 1938. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770991694259-2NAMSDXX3DCMNJ4CWURY/Screenshot%252B2026-02-13%252Bat%252B8.47.30%2525E2%252580%2525AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance A colorized group portrait of members of a chorus line in Harlem, New York, circa 1920s. Photographed by Anthony Barboza. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770989624352-K633QFWZKQ0HLZLNFIPT/Screenshot%2B2026-02-13%2Bat%2B8.32.06%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Identical Twins, James Van Dee Zee, 1924. Retrieved from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770990778670-JHBENAJ0UA0EG13UN7VS/Screenshot%252B2026-02-13%252Bat%252B8.47.07%2525E2%252580%2525AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Children play on a Harlem street in the 1920s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770991828527-AOHPZVBRR8QMBDLOB40T/IMG_3739.jpg Harlem Renaissance Young Students Rehearsing with Their Piano Instructor, photographed by James Van Der Zee (1932). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/107081ce-b509-4f0f-afc7-83472dbee330/Screenshot+2026-02-13+at+8.45.41%E2%80%AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Jacob Lawrence painting his notable art series, The Migration Series. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770988205838-Q60TEZJQHH8CSDBSQO7Q/Screenshot%2B2026-02-13%2Bat%2B8.05.24%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance The June 1930 issue of Opportunity Journal of Negro Life magazine. The front cover designed by Elmer Simms Campbell. Retreved from the National Museum of African American History & Culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770987253340-VAWKGC8IPOFM18H1PISK/Screenshot%2B2026-02-13%2Bat%2B7.52.58%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Young Woman, photographed by James Van Der Zee, 1935. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/40f2e574-c9af-4e3c-badf-4298beaa46b0/Screenshot+2026-02-13+at+8.41.05%E2%80%AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Couple, photographed by James Van Der Zee, 1930. Retrieved from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770990852417-BG4ZQBQARS7SOBZ8UWP1/Screenshot%2B2026-02-13%2Bat%2B8.47.20%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance A troupe of showgirls as they pose in costume on stage in Harlem, New York, circa 1920. Photographed by Anthony Barboza. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770991844975-6O6DB7C3DOF7C6EONUCD/Celebrating%2Bin%2Ba%2BHarlem%2Bbar%2Bthe%2Bvictory%2Bof%2BJoe%2BLouis%2Bover%2BMax%2BSchmeling%2Bof%2BGermany.jpg Harlem Renaissance Harlem bar patrons listening to the radio broadcast of Joe Louis versus Max Schmeling in their heavyweight title rematch in 1938. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770992204176-GZ4JNB62167WR3I3D3E0/Screenshot%2B2026-02-13%2Bat%2B9.15.19%25E2%2580%25AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Jacob Lawrence painting his notable art series, The Migration Series. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1770988352868-XDAF5F0MKQXLP0WAXRSW/%2B-11.jpg Harlem Renaissance Dorothy Waring, photographed by James Van Der Zee circa 1930s. Retrieved from The New York Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/40347658-fddb-43db-8d6a-d1715eebbca6/Screenshot+2026-02-13+at+8.10.59%E2%80%AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Casper Holstein entertaining guests during Ladies Night at the Turf Club in 1923. Retrieved from the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d48e3232-5093-4017-956b-09504a3eb660/Ilustracao+magazine.jpg Harlem Renaissance Josephine Baker wearing a dress designed by Jean Patou in 1927 for Portuguese magazine, Illustracao. Photographed by Dora Kallmus. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d21c0af-7aed-49e3-9189-4f66de54ae30/Screenshot+2026-02-13+at+7.58.53%E2%80%AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Duke Ellington & His Orchestra (1930). Retrieved from the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/87d35ebd-8915-4d28-92bf-6503c13f01a2/Screenshot+2026-02-13+at+8.59.31%E2%80%AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Rose McClendon photographed by Carl Van Vetchen, the Noble Black Women: The Harlem Renaissance and After, 1932. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46c32295-4fd4-41bc-870b-945868d62c6f/Screenshot+2026-02-13+at+8.17.16%E2%80%AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Portrait of vaudeville singer, Mamie Smith, the first African-American artist to make vocal blues recordings. Retrieved from the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4719f93e-9837-4720-82f6-272cb2d675c5/James+Van+Der+Zee%E2%80%99s+Photographs_+A+Portrait+of+Harlem+%7C+National+Gallery+of+Art.jpg Harlem Renaissance Dancer, Harlem, photographed by James Van Der Zee in 1925. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fcf930d5-abaa-44eb-b47b-2a2191d70519/Screenshot+2026-02-13+at+8.59.58%E2%80%AFAM.png Harlem Renaissance Altonell Hines photographed by Carl Van Vetchen, the Noble Black Women: The Harlem Renaissance and After, 1932. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0683d484-3df9-4127-9f3a-7abee8c15fa9/0d013205c246a1b50e1f8e5e787e6b5f.jpg Harlem Renaissance A Bride, photographed by James Van Der Zee in 1923. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3bf89ca8-6ab3-4752-ab4e-45e1b6c2fedb/Augusta-Savage.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e02f430-e4bd-4261-9954-d6314a79ad9c/aarondouglas.jpeg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/augusta-savage daily 0.75 2026-02-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6c8dc685-18ab-459d-8b43-5c6012e244af/1.jpeg Augusta Savage Students in Augusta Savage's sculpture class at the Harlem Community Center in 1939 — source: The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collection, The New York Public Library. "Harlem Community Art Center: students in sculpture class, 290 Lenox Avenue" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3626554f-4e31-48aa-a3f6-73f868692a24/4.jpeg Augusta Savage "Pumbaa" Statuette by Augusta Savage (1939) — Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. "Statuette by Augusta Savage entitled "Pumbaa"" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/349c1ae8-ee68-4ca8-be38-3cce4dcd8ba8/6.jpeg Augusta Savage Bust of unidentified youth by Augusta Savage — Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. "Bust of unidentified youth by Augusta Savage" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1930 - 1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f1828ae-5722-46f8-a4e9-5c03820854eb/8.jpeg Augusta Savage Life Every Voice and Sing (The Harp) — Source: Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library. "Art - Sculpture - Harp (Augusta Savage) - Harp" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1935 - 1945. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9919dcc-1be0-46aa-87b6-2e36f4b52dec/10.jpeg Augusta Savage Augusta Savage with two of her statuettes, entitled (left to right) “Susie Q” and Truckin’” — Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. "Augusta Savage with two of her statuettes, entitled (left to right) “Susie Q” and Truckin’”" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b55471af-caf8-407a-bfc4-2018b4573fe4/12.jpeg Augusta Savage "Envy" sculpture in wood (1938) — Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. ""Envy" sculpture in wood" The New York Public Library Digital Collections https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce60e67f-6b2a-4f32-aaef-b32105468cfe/14.png Augusta Savage Augusta Savage making 'Lift Every Voice and Sing (The Harp)" — Source: Searchable Museum, “Augusta Savage’s Monument” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/abdfcf1f-4186-4af0-ba42-f690f20e3968/18.2.gif Augusta Savage To Live in Bronze,” New York Amsterdam News, February 17, 1932, 3, box 445, folder 2, Fisk University, John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library, Special Collections, Julius Rosenwald Fund Archives — source: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/727549 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5f8f42c-e294-4aef-a200-8d0264a0baa1/19.gif Augusta Savage Augusta Savage working on War Mothers, cover of Responsibility 1, no. 1 (October 1943), box 1, folder 4, Augusta Savage papers, Sc MG 731, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library source: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/727549 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/11ef3c61-f73e-46d1-8f03-3212d8875f1a/01000248-2.jpeg Augusta Savage New York SP Savage, Augusta, House and Studio — Source: National Archive Catalogue https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5ec7fcaf-a8c4-4dad-a3cb-97595ec92042/01000248-5.jpeg Augusta Savage New York SP Savage, Augusta, House and Studio — Source: National Archive Catalogue https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/307c038e-f553-4016-bd4e-1b7cb0a18de1/01000248-3.jpeg Augusta Savage New York SP Savage, Augusta, House and Studio — Source: National Archive Catalogue https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfa9db4f-0dac-4f13-9596-4824f54dbdcd/3.jpeg Augusta Savage Augusta Savage's unfinished sculpture "After the Glory" in her studio (her attempt to create a war memorial to African American military service) — source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. "View of Augusta Savage's unfinished sculpture "After the Glory"" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a02fc138-411b-4143-9541-6d38d72a064e/5.jpeg Augusta Savage Augusta Savage presenting model of "Lift Every Voice and Sing (The Harp)" to Grover Whalen — Source: Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library. "Art - Sculpture - Harp (Augusta Savage) - Augusta Savage presenting model to Grover Whalen" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1935 - 1945. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/90b82c6c-be99-4100-a799-9d824e094c9a/7.jpeg Augusta Savage Passport photograph of sculptor Augusta Savage, date stamped August 25, 1931 —Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. "Passport photograph of sculptor Augusta Savage, date stamped August 25, 1931" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1931. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a099f42b-f686-46a2-8220-c67ee6e1b379/9.jpeg Augusta Savage Augusta Savage's palette — Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Art and Artifacts Division, The New York Public Library. "Augusta Savage's painter's palette" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1930 - 1939. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ce500756-3e00-4e19-b8d1-6824cd342705/11.jpeg Augusta Savage Bas Relief of a Female Dancer (1959) — Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Art and Artifacts Division, The New York Public Library. "Bas Relief of a Female Dancer" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1959. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/08f83cab-86b9-44cd-afd5-4a5e7d3a4786/13.jpeg Augusta Savage Augusta Savage with her sculpture "Realization" (1936) — Source: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division, The New York Public Library. "Augusta Savage with her sculpture "Realization"" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1936. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9b677890-74c0-4c2d-86cf-315f08c6bbfd/16.webp Augusta Savage CIRCA 1938 Augusta Savage with a chow puppy-leading African American artist — Source: ChowTales archive — circa 1938 photograph of Augusta Savage with a chow puppy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/08b26534-f03e-4c67-956e-639bcfa9c847/18.jpeg Augusta Savage Augusta Savage with guests at the opening of the First Annual Exhibition of the Salon of Contemporary Negro Art, 1939 (Making her the first African-American woman to have her own art gallery in the U.S.) — source: https://www.nypl.org/blog/2025/04/10/documenting-legacy-augusta-savage-through-photographic-lens https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/debe3684-6c0d-4c63-a25b-4a804701a821/20.gif Augusta Savage Augusta Savage working on War Mothers, cover of Responsibility 1, no. 1 (October 1943), box 1, folder 4, Augusta Savage papers, Sc MG 731, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library source: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/727549 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef616734-d97e-46ba-bbdf-73b24f377e82/01000248-4.jpeg Augusta Savage New York SP Savage, Augusta, House and Studio — Source: National Archive Catalogue https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4ae2f2f6-289f-414a-b9fc-b305c59f6508/01000248.jpeg Augusta Savage New York SP Savage, Augusta, House and Studio — Source: National Archive Catalogue https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/aaron-douglas daily 0.75 2026-02-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5113be1c-b108-45f7-ac12-0e8f122a04a3/Aaron_Douglas_Surrender_1926.jpg Aaron Douglas Surrender, 1926. This 1926 composition exemplifies Aaron Douglas’s early Harlem Renaissance graphic style, characterized by sharp angular forms, silhouetted figures, and high-contrast black-and-white design. This work demonstrates Douglas’s commitment to forging a distinctly modern Black visual language that merged ancestral symbolism with contemporary experimentation. Douglas, A. (1926). Surrender [Graphic artwork]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80523d7e-1447-4552-8244-4f3838437a80/Aaron_Douglas_Gods+Trombones+Seven+Negro+Sermons+in+Verse_1927.jpg Aaron Douglas Illustration from God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse, 1927. Created in 1927 for James Weldon Johnson’s God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse, this illustration exemplifies Aaron Douglas’s early mature Harlem Renaissance style. Through elongated forms, dramatic light contrasts, and flattened perspective, the composition conveys themes of prophecy, moral reckoning, and divine presence while asserting a distinctly modern Black visual aesthetic rooted in diasporic consciousness. Douglas, A. (1927). Illustration from God’s trombones: Seven Negro sermons in verse [Book illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f448ccb-5cb5-489b-876b-5ed9ecba9e6a/Douglas%2C+Aaron+Aspects+of+Negro+Life_+From+Slavery+Through+Reconstruction+1934.jpg Aaron Douglas Aspects of Negro Life: From Slavery Through Reconstruction, 1934. Completed in 1934 as part of the four-panel mural cycle Aspects of Negro Life, this work traces the transition of African Americans from enslavement through Reconstruction. Silhouetted figures labor in the foreground while others gather in acts of resistance, worship, and community formation. A central orator-like figure stands illuminated against a radiant sunburst, symbolizing emancipation, leadership, and the fragile promise of political transformation. Commissioned during the Harlem Renaissance, the series stands as a landmark achievement in twentieth-century American muralism. Douglas, A. (1934). Aspects of Negro life: From slavery through Reconstruction [Mural]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/827866fb-7729-4c64-a130-f0ec992ee9c7/Aaron_Douglas-Aspiration_1936.jpg Aaron Douglas Aspiration, 1936. Painted in 1936, Aspiration reflects Aaron Douglas’s vision of Black progress, education, and futurity during the Harlem Renaissance and New Deal era. Three silhouetted figures stand atop a rise, gesturing toward a radiant cityscape crowned with modern skyscrapers. At their feet lie broken chains, symbolizing emancipation and the enduring struggle against oppression. The globe, compass, and other instruments evoke science, knowledge, and global consciousness, while Douglas’s signature concentric light and layered transparency create a sense of spiritual illumination and forward momentum. Douglas, A. (1936). Aspiration [Painting/mural]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/19483339-f868-4a07-9239-4549a240e66b/Aaron_Douglas_Builidng+more+stately+mansions_1944.jpg Aaron Douglas Building More Stately Mansions, 1944. Oil on canvas, 53 15/16" x 42 1/8" (137 x 107 cm). The University Galleries, Aaron Douglas Collection, Fisk University, Nashville, TN. Image courtesy the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1976. © 2017 Aaron Douglas Foundation/Licensed by VAGA, New York. (8S-21886dsvg) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d626e41b-990e-4227-9c4e-6e95f0a8d77e/Aaron+Douglas+The+Dance.jpg Aaron Douglas The Dance, n.d. In The Dance, Aaron Douglas captures the rhythmic vitality of Black cultural expression through silhouetted figures in motion, surrounded by stylized foliage and musical instruments. The composition emphasizes elongated limbs, angular poses, and layered tonal gradations that create a sense of syncopation and spatial depth. A trumpet and seated figures in the background suggest the social and musical atmosphere of the Jazz Age, while Douglas’s signature concentric light and flattened geometric planes situate the scene within his modernist Harlem Renaissance vocabulary. Douglas, A. (n.d.). The dance [Painting/illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dd05eaec-12b8-43bf-b660-04cb269d2ec6/Aaron_Douglas_Untitled+Nightclub+scene+in+blue+and+black.jpg Aaron Douglas Untitled (Nightclub Scene in Blue and Black), n.d. This dynamic nightclub scene reflects Aaron Douglas’s engagement with Jazz Age modernity and Harlem Renaissance culture. Douglas’s layered transparency, flattened perspective, and Art Deco abstraction translate the energy of Black urban nightlife into a modernist visual language that celebrates movement, music, and cultural expression. Douglas, A. (n.d.). Untitled (Nightclub scene in blue and black) [Painting/illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2fe5555b-5e7b-4ddd-8d82-6a73e6eebd8d/Aaron_Douglas_Sahdji_1925.jpg.jpg Aaron Douglas Sahdji (Tribal Women), 1925. Ink and graphite on wove paper, 12 1/2 × 9 inches (31.8 × 22.9 cm). Drawing. Object no. HUGA031. African American Collection. Not on view. This drawing exemplifies Aaron Douglas’s early Harlem Renaissance visual language, characterized by bold silhouettes, rhythmic repetition, and angular geometric forms. Sahdji (Tribal Women) depicts stylized figures engaged in ritualized movement beneath radiating light, merging African-inspired motifs with modernist abstraction. The composition’s flattened spatial planes and dynamic diagonals reflect Douglas’s synthesis of African aesthetics, Art Deco design, and Cubist structure. Created in 1925, the work aligns with Douglas’s broader effort to visually reconstruct diasporic identity and ancestral memory through modernist graphic form. Douglas, A. (1925). Sahdji (Tribal women) [Ink and graphite on wove paper]. African American Collection. Object No. HUGA031. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/63bade13-7e1b-4ab9-934b-c6c9c40a4a4b/Aaron_Douglas_The+Toiler.jpg Aaron Douglas The Toiler, c. 1935. Oil or tempera on board, 8 3/4 × 6 5/8 inches. This painting presents a monumental silhouetted laborer gripping a shovel beneath radiating beams of light, a composition characteristic of Aaron Douglas’s Harlem Renaissance visual language. Rendered in flattened geometric forms and bold tonal contrasts, the figure embodies dignity, endurance, and upward aspiration. The work reflects Douglas’s broader engagement with themes of Black labor, modernity, and collective struggle. Published in Southern/Modern: Rediscovering Southern Art from the First Half of the Twentieth Century and exhibited in: Uptown Triennial 2020 (Wallach Art Gallery, Columbia University, New York); Aaron Douglas and Arna Bontemps: Partners in Activism (Alexandria Museum of Art, 2015–2016); Southern Gothic: Literary Intersections with Art from the Johnson Collection (Wofford College, 2019); Southern/Modern: Rediscovering Southern Art from the First Half of the Twentieth Century (Georgia Museum of Art, 2023; Frist Art Museum, 2024; Dixon Gallery & Gardens, 2024; Mint Museum Uptown, 2024–2025); and Elevation from Within: The Study of Art at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (TJC Gallery, 2019; Richardson Family Art Museum, 2021; Fisk University, 2022; Florida A&M University, 2023). Douglas, A. (c. 1935). The toiler [Oil or tempera on board]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7c85e501-4bb5-4d97-9e24-029fe33369f3/Aaron_Douglas_Emperor+Jones_1926.jpg Aaron Douglas Emperor Jones, 1926. This multi-panel composition was created as an illustration for Eugene O’Neill’s play The Emperor Jones. Douglas, A. (1926). Emperor Jones [Illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/be085f08-ef6b-4eae-8de8-3421ce7992f6/Aaron_Douglas_The+Prodigal+Son_1927.jpg Aaron Douglas The Prodigal Son, 1927. Created in 1927, The Prodigal Son reflects Aaron Douglas’s Harlem Renaissance synthesis of biblical narrative and modern urban experience. The silhouetted figures—set amid angular playing cards, a trumpet, and layered geometric forms—suggest themes of temptation, excess, and moral reckoning. By merging sacred narrative with modern nightlife imagery, he constructs a distinctly Black modernist aesthetic that speaks to both spiritual allegory and cultural transformation during the 1920s. Douglas, A. (1927). The prodigal son [Painting/illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a16be028-56f4-4b9f-813e-5857df422864/Aaron_Douglas_Songs+of+the+Towers_1934.jpg Aaron Douglas Aspects of Negro Life: Song of the Towers, 1934. Created in 1934 as the final panel of the mural cycle Aspects of Negro Life, Song of the Towers represents the migration of African Americans to northern industrial cities and the cultural transformations of the Harlem Renaissance. A central silhouetted figure raises a trumpet beneath radiating concentric circles of light, symbolizing artistic expression, modern industry, and political awakening. Douglas, A. (1934). Aspects of Negro life: Song of the towers [Mural]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5dd237bd-9ce9-44ab-bb51-1d21236af7bd/Aaron_Douglas_Into+bondage_1936.jpg Aaron Douglas Into Bondage, 1936. Painted in 1936, Into Bondage presents a haunting meditation on the transatlantic slave trade and the violent rupture of African life. A central bound figure, silhouetted and faceless, stands amid lush foliage and subdued tonal layers, wrists shackled in glowing red cuffs that punctuate the muted palette. In the background, ships wait at the horizon, signaling forced displacement and the beginning of enslavement. Douglas employs concentric light, layered transparency, and stylized vegetation to evoke both ancestral presence and impending catastrophe. Douglas, A. (1936). Into bondage [Painting]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36bb6eea-6d9c-4c1f-b67e-e4177ebb8bdc/Aaron_Douglas_Aspects+of+Negro+Life+Song+of+the+Towers.jpg Aaron Douglas Aspects of Negro Life: Song of the Towers, 1934. This mural panel, part of Aaron Douglas’s landmark four-part series Aspects of Negro Life (1934), visualizes the Great Migration and the cultural flowering of the Harlem Renaissance. Concentric arcs of light radiate across the composition, creating spiritual illumination and forward momentum. Douglas combines African-inspired abstraction, Art Deco geometry, and layered transparency to narrate the journey from rural Southern life to urban industrial modernity, emphasizing resilience, creativity, and cultural continuity. Douglas, A. (1934). Aspects of Negro life: Song of the towers [Mural]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5d554a4b-4161-4713-a83b-06d09a3d6cfe/Aaron+Douglas%2C+The+Athlete%2C+1959.jpg Aaron Douglas The Athlete, 1959. Oil on canvas board, 23 7/8 × 19 7/8 inches. This painting depicts a seated male figure rendered in naturalistic form, markedly different from Aaron Douglas’s earlier silhouetted, Cubist-influenced Harlem Renaissance compositions. The work demonstrates Douglas’s versatility beyond his iconic graphic style, situating him within broader mid-twentieth-century figurative traditions. Published in New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, Volume 21: Art & Architecture. Exhibited in: Carolina Collects (Columbia Museum of Art, 2008); Aaron Douglas and Arna Bontemps: Partners in Activism (Alexandria Museum of Art, 2015–2016); and Elevation from Within: The Study of Art at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (TJC Gallery, 2019; Fisk University, 2022; Florida A&M University, 2023; Morgan State University, 2024). Douglas, A. (1959). The athlete [Oil on canvas board]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/17f5071c-8b64-4d5f-b17b-70a683f8d669/Aaron_Douglas-Study+for+Haitian+Mural_1942.jpg Aaron Douglas Study for Haitian Mural, 1942. Created in 1942, this preparatory study reflects Aaron Douglas’s engagement with Caribbean history and revolutionary symbolism. Silhouetted figures move across a tropical landscape framed by palm trees and mountainous terrain, evoking Haiti’s geography and the legacy of its revolution. A mounted figure, illuminated within a circular halo of light, suggests leadership, resistance, and national awakening—possibly referencing Toussaint Louverture or the broader Haitian struggle for liberation. Douglas employs layered transparency, muted earth tones, and concentric radiance to fuse African diasporic identity with modernist abstraction. . Douglas, A. (1942). Study for Haitian mural [Painting study]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a6728ab7-e05c-4d75-a75d-b350c528a32c/Aaron_Douglas-Weary+as+I+can+be+and+Dwon+and+Out.jpg Aaron Douglas Aaron Douglas, illustrations for Langston Hughes’s poems “Down an’ Out” and “Lonesome Place,” published in Opportunity, October 1926. This magazine spread, titled Two Artists, features poems by Langston Hughes accompanied by graphic drawings by Aaron Douglas. Douglas’s illustrations, including “I Needs a Dime for Beer” and “Weary as I Can Be,” employ flattened geometric shapes, dynamic diagonals, and expressive negative space, reflecting the emerging Harlem Renaissance aesthetic. Published in Opportunity, a key literary journal of the New Negro movement, the collaboration exemplifies the synergy between visual art and poetry in shaping early twentieth-century Black modernism. Douglas, A. (1926, October). Illustrations for Langston Hughes’s “Down an’ Out” and “Lonesome Place.” Opportunity, 314. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bcd13863-10a1-4e16-b8b8-934a7ed8e3aa/Aaron+Douglas+An+Idyll+of+the+Deep+South%2C+1934.jpg Aaron Douglas The Prodigal Son, 1927. Created in 1927, The Prodigal Son reflects Aaron Douglas’s Harlem Renaissance synthesis of biblical narrative and modern urban experience. The silhouetted figures—set amid angular playing cards, a trumpet, and layered geometric forms—suggest themes of temptation, excess, and moral reckoning. Douglas uses flattened planes, tonal gradation, and Art Deco abstraction to reinterpret the biblical parable within a contemporary Jazz Age context. Douglas, A. (1927). The prodigal son [Painting/illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b493642d-ace2-4553-a27a-c578b7134b6c/Aaron_Douglas_Let+My+Poeple+Go.jpg Aaron Douglas In Let My People Go, Aaron Douglas reinterprets the biblical Exodus narrative through his distinctive Harlem Renaissance modernism. Silhouetted figures, spears raised against swirling cosmic forms and streaks of lightning, occupy a dramatic landscape charged with spiritual intensity. A seated central figure appears contemplative or prophetic, while diagonals and concentric arcs create a sense of divine movement and impending liberation. Douglas’s layered transparency, bold geometry, and radiant color contrasts merge African-inspired abstraction with modernist design, transforming the Exodus story into an allegory of emancipation, resistance, and collective deliverance within the Black historical experience. Douglas, A. (n.d.). Let my people go [Painting/illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/60f23f88-e462-450e-a712-4de38e09e289/Aaron+Douglas%2C+Head+of+a+Boy_Portrait+of+Langston+Hughes.jpg Aaron Douglas Head of Boy (Portrait of Langston Hughes), 1957. Woodcut on cream laid paper; support size 6 1/4 × 4 7/8 inches; image size 4 7/8 × 4 inches. This woodcut portrait presents a stylized head of Langston Hughes rendered in bold black-and-white contrast. Produced in 1957, the work reflects Douglas’s continued engagement with portraiture and printmaking later in his career, translating his muralist visual language into intimate scale. Exhibited in Roots/Routes: Mobility and Displacement in Art of the American South (Richardson Family Art Center, Wofford College, 2023) and Elevation from Within: The Study of Art at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (Morgan State University, 2024). Douglas, A. (1957). Head of boy (Portrait of Langston Hughes) [Woodcut on cream laid paper]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/acfc2756-ae4a-46ca-9c2c-3196c2dda67e/Aaron_Douglas_The+Crucifixion_1927.jpg Aaron Douglas The Crucifixion, 1927. Created in 1927, The Crucifixion reflects Aaron Douglas’s modernist reinterpretation of Christian iconography during the Harlem Renaissance. Drawing upon African sculptural aesthetics, Art Deco design, and European modernism, Douglas reimagines the crucifixion as both sacred narrative and metaphor for collective suffering and redemption within the Black historical experience. Douglas, A. (1927). The crucifixion [Painting/illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f3d5d3c-8c79-44f6-80e8-659f976d5844/Aaron_Douglas_The+Negro+in+an+African+Setting_1934.jpg Aaron Douglas Aspects of Negro Life: The Negro in an African Setting, 1934. Created in 1934 as part of the four-panel mural cycle Aspects of Negro Life, The Negro in an African Setting represents the ancestral origins of the African diaspora. Silhouetted figures gather in rhythmic formation, engaged in dance, ritual, and communal life, while spears, drums, and symbolic forms suggest spiritual and cultural continuity. Douglas, A. (1934). Aspects of Negro life: The Negro in an African setting [Mural]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c093cfaf-0c4b-42c0-9196-a123fa2a2bbf/Aaron_Douglas_The+Founding+of+Chicago.jpg Aaron Douglas The Founding of Chicago, n.d. In The Founding of Chicago, Aaron Douglas reimagines the city’s origins through his signature silhouetted figures and layered tonal gradations. A central standing figure dominates the foreground, framed by foliage and holding a tool or instrument across his shoulder, while another figure remains partially bound in chains—suggesting the intertwined histories of labor, migration, and struggle. In the distance, modern skyscrapers rise in luminous vertical planes, symbolizing industrial progress and urban transformation. Douglas, A. (n.d.). The founding of Chicago [Painting/illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/32babfcd-0311-4951-bee6-e9d0bb5f9caa/Aaron_Douglas_Club+Night.jpg Aaron Douglas In Club Night, Aaron Douglas captures the syncopated energy of Harlem Renaissance nightlife through silhouetted dancers and musicians framed by concentric circles of light. A couple moves dynamically across the center of the composition, their elongated limbs and angular poses echoing the rhythm of live jazz played below by a seated and standing trumpeter. Douglas employs layered transparency, radiant color gradations, and Art Deco geometry to translate music into visual form. The composition embodies modern Black urban culture—movement, sound, and communal expression—while affirming Douglas’s role in shaping a distinctly modernist aesthetic rooted in African diasporic identity. Douglas, A. (n.d.). Club night [Painting/illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5c340fd0-eaf3-47de-a7a9-99ffb65153a8/Aaron_Douglas_Noahs+Ark.jpg Aaron Douglas In Noah’s Ark, Aaron Douglas reinterprets the biblical flood narrative through his hallmark Harlem Renaissance modernism. A silhouetted figure sits contemplatively atop a rocky elevation as radiant beams of light descend from above, cutting across layered tonal arcs that suggest divine intervention and renewal. Geometric architectural forms rise in the background, merging sacred story with modern urban symbolism. Douglas employs flattened planes, concentric illumination, and restrained monochromatic gradations to evoke spiritual tension and redemption. Douglas, A. (n.d.). Noah’s ark [Painting/mural]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f4c3862b-7ccf-4480-bad2-12b3bc853695/Aaron_Douglas_The+American+Negro.webp Aaron Douglas Aaron Douglas, cover design for The American Negro, 1928. This cover design for The American Negro (Annals, November 1928) presents a monumental silhouetted male figure standing before a rising sun and an industrial cityscape. Holding a shovel, the figure symbolizes labor, progress, and modern industrial participation, while the fractured urban architecture to the left suggests both transformation and structural upheaval. The design reflects Harlem Renaissance ideals of racial uplift and positions the Black worker as central to the making of modern America. Douglas, A. (1928). Cover design for The American Negro [Book cover]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8cc53d69-9412-4bd4-8d65-7a9f77a18f5f/Aaron_Douglas_An+the+stars+began+to+fall.jpg Aaron Douglas “An’ the Stars Began to Fall”, n.d. This black-and-white illustration by Aaron Douglas visually interprets the apocalyptic spiritual lyric “An’ the stars began to fall.” A central elongated figure stands beneath radiant beams filled with falling stars, while a collapsed body lies below, intensifying the scene’s prophetic and cosmic drama. Executed in Douglas’s signature silhouetted style, the composition features angular planes, dynamic diagonals, and high-contrast black-and-white design. Douglas, A. (n.d.). “An’ the stars began to fall” [Illustration]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3004bfa2-b0ef-486d-943c-67b54bda5431/Aaron_Douglas_The+Crisis_1928.jpg Aaron Douglas Aaron Douglas, cover design for The Crisis, May 1928. This cover for the May 1928 issue of The Crisis presents two upward-facing silhouetted profiles framed by intersecting arcs of light and a modern city skyline. Rendered in layered blue tonalities, the composition suggests aspiration, migration, and collective vision. The geometric buildings and radiant beams evoke industrial modernity and spiritual illumination, while the overlapping faces imply generational continuity and shared destiny. Douglas, A. (1928, May). Cover design for The Crisis [Magazine cover]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7ccdd0b-728c-43e0-991c-3423e241ad0e/Aaron_Douglas_Home+to+Harlem.jpg Aaron Douglas Aaron Douglas, cover design for Home to Harlem by Claude McKay, 1928. This dynamic cover illustration for Claude McKay’s novel Home to Harlem features a bold silhouetted male figure framed by stylized skyscrapers, musical notes, and urban signage. Rendered in striking pink and deep indigo tones, Douglas employs simplified geometric forms, Art Deco typography, and rhythmic composition to evoke the vibrancy of Harlem’s nightlife and cultural life. Through flattened planes and high-contrast design, Douglas visually translates McKay’s literary depiction of Harlem into a distinctly modern Harlem Renaissance aesthetic. Douglas, A. (1928). Cover design for Home to Harlem by Claude McKay [Book cover]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6b25a98f-055b-409c-b63e-53f067337697/Aaron_Douglas_The+Crisis_1927.png Aaron Douglas Aaron Douglas, cover design for The Crisis, September 1927. This cover illustration for the September 1927 issue of The Crisis depicts a monumental silhouetted female figure lifting the magazine’s title overhead, symbolizing strength, endurance, and collective uplift. Below her, a modern city skyline rises amid stylized terrain, suggesting progress, migration, and the evolving urban landscape of Black America. The Crisis, the official magazine of the NAACP, served as a major intellectual and political platform, and Douglas’s imagery visually reinforces themes of resilience and advancement central to the New Negro movement. Douglas, A. (1927, September). Cover design for The Crisis [Magazine cover]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/83f3d10b-fe48-4797-bf12-517070f09b68/Aaron_Douglas_Not+Without+Laughter.jpg Aaron Douglas Aaron Douglas, cover design for Not Without Laughter by Langston Hughes, 1930. This cover illustration for Langston Hughes’s novel Not Without Laughter features silhouetted figures engaged in music, dance, and communal gathering, framed by stylized foliage and sunflowers. The design exemplifies Douglas’s Harlem Renaissance modernism, translating Hughes’s literary exploration of African American experience into a dynamic visual language rooted in diasporic aesthetics and Art Deco abstraction. Douglas, A. (1930). Cover design for Not without laughter by Langston Hughes [Book cover]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/57d3397e-97ea-408b-b647-1cb9e6e16284/Aaron+Douglas%2C+The+Creation%2C+1927.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fa5fdc82-4b63-429e-8ec2-e165dd31609b/Aaron_Douglas_Creation_1927.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d0d8b2f4-d05a-4d87-acb7-d0684cf301a8/Aaron+Douglas+-+The+Judgement+Day.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/465dc1a1-a637-4743-af4a-5a3c8041bc87/Aaron_Douglas_Judgement+Day_1926.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/nok-people daily 0.75 2026-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a454cc08-274e-4a6f-97ea-c5ff5af78299/1.png NOK people Nok Culture, Terracotta Head, p. 22, from Nigerian Tribal Art (1960). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3918f030-d5c1-499f-92d9-b3559dc1818e/3.png NOK people Terracotta head of man wearing a cap with a flat top. the head was clearly part of a figure as indicated by the lug at the base of the neck which would have fitted into a solid torso. made between 12th century and the 15th century A.D. p.50 from Two thousand years p.48, from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34f8ab08-1285-4f05-8bb7-cea2b8752184/7.png NOK people Life-size representation in terracotta of a human head said to have been kept always in the royal palace. probably between the 12th and 15th centuries A.D. p52. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cf7e3e2a-cdf8-4951-bd3b-b9074cd64c51/5.png NOK people Terracotta head of young woman. Probably between 12 and the 15th century A.D. p.51. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e04df6c2-779e-425e-a022-8bc5ee04dc64/11.png NOK people Terracotta representation of a human head with globular eyes uncharacteristic of Ife. probably between 12th and 15th centuries A.D. p.57. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2b77ecad-f1ac-486c-b4d6-ab752be885d9/13.png NOK people Terracotta head of a man in an unrefined style not typical of classical Ife style. it has been suggested that it is of post-colonial Ife period. from Mokuro stream. P.58. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69034da5-ec06-445f-8497-945323d38cb7/15.png NOK people Terracotta human head found in isolation at a boundary between land owned by two people in south Modakeke in Ife. Probably between 12 and the 15th centuries A.D p.60. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5bb06b40-5441-467b-8d9c-a68430bba4fd/17.png NOK people Terracotta head from a figure from Otutu compound, ife. p62. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/270ab20f-a00b-4707-9111-fe5ee4b1e1eb/19.png NOK people Terracotta head probably of a mythical animal, possibly hippopotamus. from Lafogido between the 12th and the 15th centuries. P63. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/141416b9-c693-481f-b48a-3e404765dd4c/22.png NOK people Terracotta spherical pot decorated in relief. from koyiwo Layout. P.66 from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b75858a9-f38d-4ed2-81cb-ec4d16e26e5c/9.png NOK people Terracotta representation of a man. probably between 12th and 15th centuries A.D. p.55. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d0e96908-64c9-4aa1-a5e2-1dad32104d72/24.png NOK people Tin miners in the Big Paddok at Nok dig down through several levels of alluvial deposits to reach tin. it is within these deposits that most Nok works have been found. P.4 from Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e8eeeaa-2a1a-4734-8104-6094154214db/21.png NOK people Terracotta elephant head from Lafogido. between the 12th and the 15th centuries A.D. p.65. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b7dc6253-a785-4d46-b521-370b237d493e/27.png NOK people Protruding mouth on the head found at Tonga Nok retains the blocked-out from one would expect to find in wood-carving rather than terracotta and is strikingly similar to the mouth found on the piece from Yelwa p38. from Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8ad62cb2-4623-4d37-97bd-6bd86cda891c/29.png NOK people Terracotta head p53 . from Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/499aa6ac-a398-4d0c-a8eb-8af33bf0922f/32.png NOK people Terracotta Head with inflated cheeks, c.500B.c p58 From Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/39170fc5-e529-45f7-83fc-9af9c61ba4c3/35.png NOK people Fragmented Figure, from Kutofo, c.500. p62 From Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ab6982b-e025-4439-a924-2f10e1ef5843/34.png NOK people Terracotta Foot, from the big Padckock Nok, c.500 p61. From Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/731fb585-6716-4653-a4f2-651a4aab2ebf/2.png NOK people Fragment of Terracotta head in classical style. H.13cm, Head created between the 12th and the 15th centuries A.D., p.48., from Two thousand years p.48, from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/362345bc-b737-470f-9130-8a1a7166cb2c/4.png NOK people Terracotta human face with cat-whisker mask. From Olokun Walode Grove, ife. made between 12th century and the 15th century A.D. p.50 from Two thousand years p.48, from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a61ec9c-5808-4cff-8c40-242a6a37c7f2/8.png NOK people Terracotta human head with facial scarifications consisting of parallel grooves. the head wears a crown. probably made between the 12th and 15th centuries. P.54. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/03f710df-2148-48d8-ba4a-05858069aca0/6.png NOK people Terracotta human head in naturalistic style. probably between the 12th and the 15h centuries A.D. p52. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09cae3fb-c440-47e1-bee5-bf8a5d57ee88/12.png NOK people Terracotta head of a man with widely spaces, raised weals instead of the usual incised lines. P.58. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1ad1e5c8-a944-4e23-8509-4f7d57dcd786/14.png NOK people Terracotta human seated figure apparently broken from tableau. probably between the 12th and 15th centuries A.D. P.59. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac417c04-20ed-4cb4-827e-eed4834070c3/16.png NOK people Terracotta head of a young woman wearing a head-dress. probably between the 12th and the 15th century A.D. p.60. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43955723-6d5b-4933-9fdb-ac85ce888847/18.png NOK people Terracotta head of a woman modelled on a globular pot. from the Olokun shrine at Obaluru. Probably between 12 and the 15th centuries A.D p.62. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5b0e5d63-c103-448f-bc28-6546aa78767a/20.png NOK people Terracotta ram head from Lafogido. between the 12th and the 15th centuries A.D. p64. . from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fffcda60-2c13-4506-b6da-12d309c7cd17/23.png NOK people ُerracotta figure holding two buffalo horns. between the 12th and the 15th centuries A.D. P.67 from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f452754f-2744-4fa1-802f-600f2b0d687e/10.png NOK people Terracotta human head of young woman with ridged hairstyle. P.56. from Two thousand years, Nigerian art (1977). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50561a72-1b38-4ccb-a749-8ac625eff700/25.png NOK people Another view of tin miners in Nok Valley. p.5 from Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e5538e71-5dc2-49c3-b3ed-9b5630d1c31a/30.png NOK people Terracotta head, from Jemaa p54. From Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3bc06d16-504c-42f1-a0d7-458b1500a28a/28.png NOK people Terracotta head p52 . from Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7dda8a5-5edd-468d-baab-27f70a8fe479/31.png NOK people Terracotta head, c. late 4th century. from Jemma-Kafanchan Road p55. From Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f8b2907-3638-4155-89fb-11564c5b116e/32.1.png NOK people https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/343abc68-142b-4476-ae94-cbb468c6d5f6/33.png NOK people Keeling Man From Bwari near Abuja p59 From Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fedddc0d-5199-49c5-b3c4-fb554a449d57/36.png NOK people Terracotta Elephant head, from Agwzo mine, Udegi, c. 500. P.63. From Treasures of ancient Nigeria (1982) https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-british-pubs-archives daily 0.75 2026-03-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9350082d-5e43-44f2-a9b8-2d7c9d002555/from-where-i-s.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives From Where I Stand by Roy Swah 1967-72 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8965188a-6045-4b99-83b7-d88c97a66b6b/95002.jpg Black British Pubs Archives West Indian Gazette https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db37f046-0299-4233-8fcd-a79aab2a0a3e/the-negro-work.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives The Negro Worker 1937 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cc2860ed-d0f0-4b13-b275-9389856724b1/grass-roots-ma.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives Grass Roots The front page of volume 3 of Grass Roots newspaper, there is a cartoon under 'Black Community News' Date 1973–1975 Catalogue reference CK 2/1212 Grass Roots was a monthly community newspaper organised by the Black Liberation Front, who described themselves as ‘an organisation for unity, positive action and black consciousness’. It reported international and local news relating to Black struggles, plus art and poetry. This 1973 issue came to the Race Relations Board when David McCalden, a member of the National Front, argued it contained illegal content as it specified entrants to an art competition on the theme of deportation had to be Black, therefore it was discriminatory. Although found in conflict with the Race Relations Act, officials felt ‘nobody except the National Front would be the winner’ if it went to court, seeking to avoid this. Far-right groups often tried to use the Act to their advantage. The following edition noted that the Race Relations Board ‘exists to oppress Black people and not to prevent discrimination’. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f929d987-89c2-4049-aec5-bc2d27c8b251/603665974ebd3058f5a6bfdf_NEW_111_1_Compressed.jpg Black British Pubs Archives The Dominica Star Vol.11 No.21 1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aedd78d7-325b-4a97-a11e-92bdf56f579d/Screenshot+2025-11-12+at+6.04.16+PM.png Black British Pubs Archives Issue of the 'The Voice', described as 'Britain's Best Black Newspaper', 24 August 1985. The paper was launched in 1982 by Jamaican Londoner Val McCalla with a grant from the Greater London Council (GLC). The 'Voice' campaigned against discriminatory laws that blighted the lives of many Black Londoners at that time. It was the first newspaper aimed at young Black people born and brought up in Britain, and achieved a huge circulation. The paper launched the careers of top journalists like Trevor Phillips and Martin Bashir. This issue carries a special feature on the Notting Hill Carnival. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cff38ab2-db7e-434e-8a10-cf555eb1140c/what-is-raas.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives RAAS The front cover of a Michael X's pamphlet with the title 'What is RAAS' written across it. Date 1970 Catalogue reference MEPO 28/4 The Racial Action Adjustment Society, or RAAS, was the brainchild of Michael X. Born Michael de Freitas in Port of Spain, Trinidad in 1933, Michael came to England in the late 1950s as a merchant seaman. He would later change his name to Michael Abdul Malik, following his conversion to Islam, but was best known as Michael X. The name was given to him by a reporter after Malcolm X, on his visit to England in 1965, referred to him as his ‘brother.’ Michael chose the name 'The Racial Action Adjustment Society' for comedic effect. The acronym, RAAS, doubled as a swearword in Jamaican Patois (meaning ‘arse,’ and often used with ‘claat’ meaning ‘cloth’ for toilet paper, or sanitary towel). Michael thought it would be funny to hear white people unknowingly repeat it in media content and viewed it as a way of poking fun at the establishment, capitalising on their failure to grasp Black vernacular. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e3c72e2-ff73-4f82-ac30-615e46e8152d/1.Echoes-August-29-1987.jpg Black British Pubs Archives Black Echoes (1987, August 29) Magazine cover. Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/67dd86c9-30b1-416b-b0e0-165076775691/4.BIM_VOLUME+9_ISSUE+2.jpeg Black British Pubs Archives BIM Magazine Volume 11, Issue 1, Magazine cover. BIM Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1413c45e-b691-4e95-86e4-8c994cf0b26b/7.+BIM-Magazine-V7.jpg Black British Pubs Archives BIM Magazine Volume 7, Magazine cover. BIM Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/529e5b16-d54c-4fec-92c7-3090c474516c/10.+V1+BIM+Lamming.jpg Black British Pubs Archives BIM Magazine Volume 1, Issue 1, Magazine cover. BIM Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b87a46ba-7f54-4875-8765-8095f347c610/international-.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives International African Opinion Vol.1 1937-65 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f15012a-fb88-4f36-b028-b199570a4b03/ladbroke-grove-colour-bar-e1543696962874.jpg Black British Pubs Archives West Indian Gazette April 1961 edition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a25272e8-439c-4b35-972b-952b1b594220/negro-world-ma.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives The Negro World 1919 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/23463aa0-bbeb-4369-b6a2-6e9c25c93b57/black-voice-vo.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives Black Voice The front page of volume 6 of Black Voice, the title story is 'Revolution means change'. Date 1975 Catalogue reference HO 376/222 Black Voice was the paper of the Black Unity and Freedom Party (BUFP), a Marxist group committed to the global liberation struggles of Black people. The BUFP came to the attention of the Home Office when organisations associated with them applied for public grants to help set up self-help projects for young Caribbean people. The Home Office was concerned about the involvement of Anthony ‘Bonsu’ Munroe. Monroe had been convicted after the Spaghetti House incident, a siege on a restaurant involving three people connected to Black liberation movements. The files present a range of opinions on whether the politics of groups applying should be a factor in assigning public money. Copies of Black Voice are included in the file as evidence. Articles it published focused on the international context of Black struggles, the reality of police brutality and the need for class-based action. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3d01da6f-f27d-4c20-8063-f19e0c336cb9/603662253e5d5d7f6784e09d_Black+Life+17%EF%80%A213-1_Compressed.jpg Black British Pubs Archives Black Life-Brixton published by the Black Panther Movement 1973 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/34f13ead-40de-4bec-97f0-622c443269d6/axe-laid-root-.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives The Axe Laid to the Root Two copies of the front page of The Axe Laid to the Root, volumes 1 and 2. Date 1817 Catalogue reference TS 11/45/167 The Axe Laid to the Root is a pamphlet series by radical preacher, and abolitionist, Robert Wedderburn. He was born in Jamaica in 1762 to Rosanna, an enslaved Black woman, and James Wedderburn, a Scottish-born slaver and plantation owner. Wedderburn was active in Britain during the early 19th century. His writing forged comparisons between the enslaved people of the Caribbean and Britain’s dispossessed. He urged readers to partake in violent revolution to overthrow systems of inequality in Britain and its Empire. The authorities viewed his work with unease. In 1819, police were sent to Hopkins Street Chapel in Soho to document Wedderburn’s activities. He was subsequently tried for seditious blasphemy and imprisoned for two years at Dorchester Jail. The pamphlet series has been accessioned as part of the records of his trial found in TS 11/45/167, with 'TS' standing for Treasury Solicitor. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f91022c-6eb1-44a2-8bde-4de1b1162e1a/mepo-31-21-sou.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives Black People’s News Service Two pages from Black People's News Service. The left page shows two black men raising their fists. Date 1970 Catalogue reference MEPO 31/21 Black People’s News Service was a publication by the British Black Panther Party, the largest Black Power group in Britain at this time. Police described the organisation as ‘black militant extremists’. Yet, the aims of the movement describe concerns about employment, housing, education and police brutality. The newspaper detailed their work including Black history sessions, political education courses, and supporting Black people through the courts. It also tracked global Black liberation struggles, and reported local experiences of racism in London. It was taken as evidence as part of the Mangrove Nine trial, seized from Rhodan Gordon's house during his arrest. Copies of the publication were also sold at the Mangrove march, as seen in photographic police evidence. The British Black Panther Party was relatively short lived, but other organisations appeared around this time. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a4bd9df-f33a-44d3-a752-284307e52e8e/2.Echoes-Jan-2-1988.jpg Black British Pubs Archives Black Echoes (1988, January 2) Magazine cover. Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5eda476-aedd-4708-a9ea-3a56b1d0bd41/5.BIM_VOLUME+9_ISSUE+2-2.jpeg Black British Pubs Archives BIM Magazine Volume 9, Issue 2, Magazine cover. BIM Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a01ead74-abe7-4512-9584-1085cf1f19ad/8.+V6+BIM+Chapman-Andrews.jpg Black British Pubs Archives BIM Magazine Volume 6, Magazine cover. BIM Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/76ee2e1c-5e0e-44c1-8542-040192735ddf/603665f730b5ce5f75b19c68_JOU_4_1-3_Compressed.jpg Black British Pubs Archives New World Quarterly 1966 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d891f89f-0447-4271-8b32-347be50c804c/6036654ce64ce95a4b4dc990_JOU_9_4-01_Compressed.jpg Black British Pubs Archives The Blackman Vol.2 No.4 1970 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5dcde6da-3559-4034-8bbd-5df5c325190a/black-power-sp.max-1024x1024.format-webp.webpquality-70.webp Black British Pubs Archives Black Power Speaks, June 1968 The content of Black Power Speaks June 1968 edition, which includes 12 pieces. Date 1968 Catalogue reference MEPO 2/11409 Black Power Speaks was originally a journal published by the London-based Universal Coloured People's Association (UCPA) led by Nigerian playwright Obi Egbuna. It was self-described as a magazine of ‘fearless editorials and authoritative contributions by well-informed writers from all over the world.’ The surviving issues in the collection date from May, June and July 1968. This was a turbulent time in the British Black Power Movement. In the summer of 1968, infighting and divergent views led Egbuna to leave the UCPA to form the British Black Panther Movement (BBPM), continuing to edit the publication but under this alternative organisation. Heavily inspired by the American Black Power Movement, these volumes were seized from the BBPM headquarters in Portobello Road in July 1968, after Egbuna was arrested and put on trial after encouraging Black people to actively resist police violence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d15a81d9-d708-4b05-935a-aaea0cc42fc2/3.+Kyk-over-Al_VOLUME+19_ISSUE+73_+JUNE_1990+.jpg Black British Pubs Archives Kyk-over-Al Vol.19 Issue.73 (1990, June). Magazine cover. Lafayette College Scalar. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f72f9d9-1989-47c0-b0e4-751bc42733d9/6.+BIM-Mag-9-1.jpeg Black British Pubs Archives BIM Magazine Volume 9, Issue 1, Magazine cover. BIM Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e28a21fd-6348-44f3-a4e7-61037fd05f7e/9.+BIM-Magazine-V3-Issue2.jpg Black British Pubs Archives BIM Magazine Volume 3, Issue 2, Magazine cover. BIM Magazine. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/caribbean-fashion daily 0.75 2026-03-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb7dd376-e630-42e6-8ead-84c0a20028cf/Rifat+Ozbek+Rastafarian+collection%2C+London+1991.jpg Caribbean Fashion Rifat Ozbek Rastafarian collection, London 1991. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80acd584-02d7-48ef-881d-97ecb3747523/+-12.jpg Caribbean Fashion Rastafarian woman wearing a khaki safari dress with red, yellow, and green Selassie I sash and earrings, colors associated with Ethiopian and Rastafarian symbolism. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eeb8c392-211a-4b66-aa26-3096849b06a3/+-14.jpg Caribbean Fashion Caribbean woman wearing a karabela (quadrille) dress, adorned with layered bead necklaces and a madras headwrap https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/44bb4020-5b4b-4587-86b4-58a0e9957a61/Madras+et+Broderie+anglaise.jpg Caribbean Fashion Dominican Creole women and children wearing a Wob Dwiyèt. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/074ce3ed-d9e1-41e4-8c2e-983d7dfdc52e/Adieu+foulard%2C+adieu+madras.jpg Caribbean Fashion Guadeloupean children wearing madras skirts and headwraps. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/40e30ac1-99b2-46c8-8648-95ce019a2b55/Marchande+de+pistaches.jpg Caribbean Fashion Martinican woman wearing a madras headwrap and traditional Creole dress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f22a3b0c-9063-4cdd-966e-76d34d56eb63/Haiti+c_1950+%23Haiti+%231950+%23Haitivintage.jpg Caribbean Fashion Haitian dancers performing in traditional madras headwraps and patterned Caribbean dress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5eeb21c-8be8-4077-b006-1fd194e36794/biguine_danse+traditionnelle.jpg Caribbean Fashion Martinican couple performing biguine in traditional Creole attire, including a madras headwrap, patterned skirt, and straw hat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/51bc1e90-5ecf-44a4-bc0b-f4c997a99ac7/+-18.jpg Caribbean Fashion Woman from the French Caribbean wearing a madras headwrap, layered gold jewelry. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0c16a7c4-330e-45ed-b496-9ed7e06ff225/Antan+lontan_+Femmes+cr%C3%A9oles+-+Geocaching+Guadeloupe.jpg Caribbean Fashion Guadeloupean woman wearing a madras headwrap and patterned Creole dress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f576f40-4dc0-4298-bf77-dc9f2a29fb85/Ethiopian+Orthodox+Christian+Batawi+Monk+-+True+Rastaman.jpg Caribbean Fashion Rastafarian elder draped in the red, gold, and green colors of Ethiopia, holding a cross and wearing a traditional knitted crown associated with Rastafarian identity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772764202618-XP49IZZ9B5ERWLU0UA1Y/%2B-17.jpg Caribbean Fashion Martinican Creole woman wearing a traditional madras headwrap. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e12af673-d780-4314-8eef-a25845d706bf/+-15.jpg Caribbean Fashion Dominican Creole children at Jounen Kwéyòl wearing a Wob Dwiyèt. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50006dbd-4810-4205-be8e-ea79b449988f/+-19.jpg Caribbean Fashion Women from Guadeloupe wearing colorful madras headwraps and traditional Creole dresses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bdbb5151-79f0-4899-be1f-f8f15370b95b/Hemis.jpg Caribbean Fashion Women in Guadeloupe seated together wearing madras headwraps and traditional Creole dresses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c566dea6-64eb-4bc0-82dd-523d8502e22e/Port+au+Prince%2C+Haiti++%231949s+%231950s+%2C+%23culturalevent+%23vintagephotography+%23taditionaldance+%23haiti.jpg Caribbean Fashion Haitian children performing a traditional dance in Port-au-Prince, wearing festive Creole attire including a madras headwrap, floral dress, and straw hat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772767273563-QNO7PJHXK4CI8ESG9UMK/Coiffes%2Bdes%2BMatadores.jpg Caribbean Fashion Women in the French Caribbean wearing madras headwraps and ruffled Creole dresses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0c3eeb99-1355-4a1a-8b34-fd59b7b4f949/+-24.jpg Caribbean Fashion Women and child from the French Caribbean wearing madras headwraps, layered jewelry, and traditional Creole dresses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/af3e4e80-4365-41a5-9943-22ecab894ca9/+-13.jpg Caribbean Fashion Caribbean women performing in Rastafarian-inspired attire, wearing red, yellow, and green headwraps and skirts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/10416e29-930c-4185-8ef4-8f5194595afb/_.jpg Caribbean Fashion Martinican market woman balancing a bundle of bananas on her head while wearing a traditional Creole dress and headwrap. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772764124375-7PG50MK5NEM6IGN2N5S3/%2B-16.jpg Caribbean Fashion Dominican children wearing headwraps made of plaid Madras fabric. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/589e00e3-e480-403f-a4fb-4a9d4bb942c9/+-20.jpg Caribbean Fashion Guadeloupean children wearing madras skirts and headwraps. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/18df7b87-0aa3-46b1-9568-da4b405c0164/+-21.jpg Caribbean Fashion Two Guadeloupean women wearing madras headwraps and traditional Creole dresses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772766951231-3RQSNDLCOOXMUTVXP0LF/Traditional%2BDresses.jpg Caribbean Fashion Women from the French Caribbean wearing traditional Creole dress, including madras headwraps, patterned skirts, and layered gold jewelry. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f8b2570f-e5dd-4f9e-b032-ee3edcbc7ff0/+-22.jpg Caribbean Fashion Woman from the French Caribbean wearing a madras headwrap, layered gold jewelry. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/28ab3b17-2a68-4fcc-a75f-8430eda16d6d/+-23.jpg Caribbean Fashion Women from the French Caribbean wearing madras headwraps and traditional Creole dresses, participating in a cultural procession associated with Antillean festivals and community celebrations. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13de2b0d-6004-49c3-adf4-9766df41077c/Ras+%26+Empress+-+Jamaica.jpg Caribbean Fashion Rastafarian man and woman in white ceremonial garments with red, gold, and green sashes, attire commonly worn during Rastafarian gatherings and spiritual ceremonies. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/add927f7-c0c1-4434-9d3c-d156739bc3dc/Bold_.jpg Caribbean Fashion Caribbean men wearing Rastafarian-inspired clothing in red, yellow, and green, including a tracksuit, beret, and tailored trousers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0d458781-c94e-450c-8e72-6891c4c9af0a/ILLYA%2C+DARLING.jpg Caribbean Fashion Caribbean family standing by the harbor wearing 1970s leisurewear, including wide-brim hats, patterned shirts, flared trousers, and bright summer dresses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1772815292485-F9VHFA17V120EBN2H47F/%2B-25.jpg Caribbean Fashion Martinican woman wearing a headwrap and simple Creole dress. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/nubians daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b10bc88b-630a-442b-b36f-33918421bdbd/3.jpg Nubians Ramesses II in his war chariot charging into battle against the Nubians, relief from the Temple of Beit El-Wali, Nubia, 13th century BCE. Source: Nubia and the Noba People, Black History Month UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13ea0ccf-53af-4884-8d7a-4b70665ade3c/7.png Nubians The Famine Stela on the island of Seheil, 1906, Photograph by Friedrich Koch from the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/86effadc-5877-441b-b2cd-688c1468dc8a/10.png Nubians Hippopotamus Heads Hanging from a Tree at Sakamatto, 1907. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. B1015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9faedc09-e15d-4af0-ad25-8bf9caec023c/13.png Nubians Funeral Ceremonies in the Shadow of the Sacred Mountain, 1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P.B835 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5001388b-f96f-477f-8cdf-b1b69a8c1d52/20.png Nubians A Meroitic Queen Receives Offerings, 1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P.2925 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eaded1f9-38ac-47e6-9965-3b8b7f70342d/16.png Nubians Nubian Children from Barkal Village, 1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. B872 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69852039-c916-419e-a413-8df2b59db48a/26.png Nubians Nubian adult female and male child, photographed by McCarthy, Egypt, ca. 1850–1900. Source: The British Museum, museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/69c5c49b-8d75-4d2c-8fc4-93998803c6cd/22.png Nubians Nubian Women, 1963 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773496237370-OW8LPEJTJ8B9780NJ40G/28.jpg Nubians Government House from across the lawn, Nubian guard close up, Entebbe, Uganda, photograph by Matson Photo Service, 1936. Source: Library of Congress, G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1256a325-fb51-4ec9-adc3-b7b5041241dc/30.png Nubians Nubian Children, ca. 1890. Library of Congress, Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/da0b2233-589b-4163-bf07-9472eb77f438/23.png Nubians Women from Korosko: Riad, M. and Abd El -Rasoul, K. (2010). Rehla fi Zaman Al Nuba [Journey in the Time of Nubia]. 2nd ed. Cairo: General Egyptian Book Organisation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d733af0-b073-4422-8180-c95beb945267/32.jpg Nubians Source: Photographs by Abdel-Fattah Eid, The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/19cd77da-ab6a-4711-8654-e68eed33f038/4.png Nubians Nubian Tribute Presented to the King, facsimile of a wall painting from the Tomb of Huy (TT40), Thebes, reign of Akhenaten–Tutankhamun, ca. 1353–1327 BCE; painted by Charles K. Wilkinson, 1923–1927. Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/778d42b3-d352-4d81-a436-e7649541f6d4/34.jpg Nubians Nubian Man Weaving. Source: Photographs by Abdel-Fattah Eid, The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b782ccb-f2a8-4263-929b-823e27e1f335/51983489989_5ceee1922f_o.jpg Nubians "Nubians in boat - Kulubnarti." Nubian men aboard a traditional river vessel along a palm-lined shoreline. Emery, J. (Photographer). (Untitled photograph). Flickr. © James Emery. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ No changes were made to the original image. This use does not imply endorsement by the creator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb9512b6-352e-4f06-89ca-aedc800690aa/51983759465_79f0b7b9fa_o.jpg Nubians More women at Faras. Emery, J. (Photographer). More women at Faras. Flickr. © James Emery. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ No changes were made to the original image. This use does not imply endorsement by the creator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e9183f4f-44ef-4583-8082-125b918e254f/+-54.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e96efd0e-dcc8-449b-9ca8-31ac14eca3e6/AP_18195654698977.jpg.webp Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1f6718b6-5667-4fa2-9bbb-1c8e45de4437/WHPOrigins+353c+Article++Ancient+Agrarian+Societies++Nubia+and+Ancient+Egypt++1.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c50923e0-2df0-466b-8ba0-3ad32f45b1f2/Nubians+-++%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-3.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/81ea2e65-fc25-442c-a36d-d26059ed5474/Sudanese+woman.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ae11b5bd-00ba-4018-84d0-8fb64c7e4c42/Nubian+dancing+girls.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1d718e27-1217-4ea0-8f0a-3e0c78d47ad7/+-48.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c55062f4-1c26-451e-b052-ee554cb011b5/Egyptian+high+priestess+Anut+Tawi.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773933223008-EF0MC1H919YZ7M3O5J62/Nubian%2Bjewellery.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eb22c6af-a92a-407e-97c8-a026bd983c7b/Nubian+woman+wearing+shugga+from+Costumes+of+Egypt+by+Shahira+Mehrez.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3a2a365e-9405-4f21-89d4-01faa6f1fbeb/Nubian+woman+with+child.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c28474a1-994b-4a64-90da-48b35acfd831/red+nubians+Dr+Arthur+Brack.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8daa5375-7974-41a3-a7db-f210ba1931f3/+-47.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7854c7cd-fed0-43fb-a238-7eee7a32c943/6.jpeg Nubians Nubians with a Giraffe and a Monkey, facsimile of a wall painting from the Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100), Thebes, Dynasty 18, ca. 1504–1425 BCE; painted by Nina de Garis Davies. Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2b42ba02-2acb-40c7-a3c8-16a27a5fa0ef/8.png Nubians Room in the Temple of Khunum at Semna East (Kumma), Before Clearnace, 1907. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. 3295 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/eecebb3a-d5a8-4167-af0f-e8dde08d63a2/11.png Nubians A Teacher Holding Class in a Village on the Island of Argo, 1907. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. B924 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8b116ad1-975a-4f50-9952-c33d1d838e41/14.png Nubians Inside the Large Rock Temple at Gebel Barkal, 1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. B3027 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b44559db-24f0-453a-9c32-c95bbb0b5199/21.png Nubians A Sudanese Family at Naga, 1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. B755 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/36ddd01d-ad30-46e7-a875-6cfb0e4ba956/9.png Nubians The Votive Stela of Nehi, Viceroy of Nubia, Oriental institute, University of Chicago. P.3329 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d2a5ab86-9f8f-4423-821a-2537d5243b40/25.png Nubians Woman of Nubian descent. Albumen silver print by Antonio Beato, ca. 1870s. Source: J. Paul Getty Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/54a26efe-b46b-4303-b39f-f8888baf5832/37.png Nubians Nubian woman, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, between 1890 — 1923. Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection, Library of Congress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fa27e8a8-9a8b-4574-8dbf-a07950f55bb4/33.jpg Nubians Nubian Woman Weaving, Source: Photographs by Abdel-Fattah Eid, The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1197f073-1b83-462d-ad0f-844f85322021/24.png Nubians Women from the southern villages in Egyptian Nubia | Mousa, Adel. and Saleh, Mohie El-Din, 2012. Ayam Nubiya: 'An Rihlet Professor Anna Hohenfarth [Nubian Days: On professor Anna Hohenfarth Journey]. Cairo: General Egyptian Book Organisation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fbcedc8-5f31-4cac-9e84-9d9575715018/5.png Nubians Military Musicians Showing Nubian and Egyptian Styles, facsimile painting by Nina de Garis Davies after a wall painting in the Tomb of Tjeneny (TT74), Thebes, Dynasty 18, reign of Thutmose IV, ca. 1400–1390 BCE. Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/786aed9a-1148-477c-adc6-dac760c3765b/35.jpg Nubians Source: Photographs by Abdel-Fattah Eid, The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/201d0524-25b7-49d1-b46a-4b6b9bb4d9d5/51983273503_32753143ba_o.jpg Nubians "Nubian youngsters, Sonqi." A image of a group of Nubian children standing in a desert village landscape. Emery, J. (Photographer). (Nubian youngsters, Sonqi). Flickr. © James Emery. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ No changes were made to the original image. This use does not imply endorsement by the creator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f10e1496-86b8-42b6-a907-489e0f74b760/30801469771_e8321a0037_o.jpg Nubians Three Nubian women together. Emery, J. (Photographer). Untitled. Flickr. © James Emery. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ No changes were made to the original image. This use does not imply endorsement by the creator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30a18c69-da55-45ce-8067-b59cdfa6677f/+-53.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f965a66a-9062-46ab-ac00-7765a134a6e8/Nubians+in+Ancient+Egyptian+art_.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/46e840ba-d1e2-4015-9379-b23929ec7baa/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+-+Nubians.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4f4d6bdf-e6a8-49ac-9f1c-2df3ba4bf0e3/Nubian+People.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/19731b31-6006-44fe-ab78-fed33148108b/Nubians+-++%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-2.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/17cd1381-3305-4c7b-bb06-bc86ee4595d6/Nubian+Men+of+Bisharin+Culture+Group+%28Modern+Period%29.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7bec3d51-70da-49e5-a837-6ea15e66f162/Book+of+Gates%2C+fourth+division+%28P%29_fifth+hour+%28H%29+lower+register%2C+scene+30.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fa6da01d-977a-4ead-a0de-4c4da8742a6e/Nubian+Sudanese+Decorations+the+use+of+Henna.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8e1a4110-3934-4795-94c4-dc589e197711/%2522Nubian+Woman+%28Nubienne%29%2522+1870%E2%80%9380+by+Jean+Pascal+S%C3%A9bah+%28Turkish%2C+1872%E2%80%931947%29.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bf01ca05-8bef-4b4f-bae3-a50d1ef7a560/Screenshot+2026-03-19+at+10.00.01%E2%80%AFAM.png Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b4366900-198a-4155-8d9d-38dd4311d5a4/Red+and+black+Nubians.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/68bcb0b2-34fa-4a7e-8f02-c0e41e8c4040/Kushites+and+Medieval+Nubians+in+colour.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b3eae34f-06a6-4012-b46a-24c4d2e00a04/15.png Nubians A Nubian Queen Receiving Homage in a Relief at Napata, 1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. 3057 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/917c4661-e5d6-419d-a938-37c1b3218ab2/12.png Nubians Men Eating in a Field Near the Town of Hafir, 1907. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. B930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d4fb67d7-4035-4c02-9afe-2b5917fc3c04/18.png Nubians Breaking Camp at Meroe, 1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. B740 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/43cef1ae-99cf-404e-b28a-2546224dd8df/19.png Nubians A Meroitic King Smiting Captives, 1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P.2913 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2f4ba705-f05d-4a70-b5bd-313ef0ab41aa/17.png Nubians A Bishari Camel Driver and His Sons,1906. Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. P. B786 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/10a73b75-5ddb-4742-a7e4-06fd72b5cd57/27.png Nubians Photographic print with a Nubian woman, probably from Qasr Ibrim (Nubia), medieval period. Source: British Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/140ee887-1fec-43a7-9b16-fa534b371b1c/29.png Nubians Government House from across the lawn, Nubian guard close up II, Entebbe, Uganda, photograph by Matson Photo Service, 1936. Source: Library of Congress, G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/65aceb3b-a0ff-4503-aa15-2cdf67b20541/1.jpg Nubians Children from the village of Kalabshah, Nubia, photograph by Ernest Benecke, 1852, salted paper print, Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b8e97b4b-4ea2-4be8-9472-4f780561d901/36.jpg Nubians Source: Photographs by Abdel-Fattah Eid, The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3f1f7105-915d-4269-83ff-ed0dfc96b332/_-3.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bf0e8b8a-64c6-42e0-a27e-5d1f806ad2a5/BA_06_04.jpg.webp Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc258174-7556-4e23-b227-dbdb4dc732b2/+-49.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8117d59c-e0de-4d43-8c79-208118a17f98/Egyptian+girl.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/57f21a02-769f-4424-8c0c-27126fd18995/+-52.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e10c6e0-9a20-464d-8fa0-e37f7df121e7/Nubian+princess+with+gold+jewellery+-+Bedouin+Silver+Courses.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d8922abd-1a60-469f-918c-1ac1a1f59fe3/51983759415_c991099977_o.jpg Nubians "Woman + child - Faras." A Nubian woman carrying her child with accompanying children in a desert landscape. Emery, J. (Photographer). (Woman + child - Faras). Flickr. © James Emery. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ No changes were made to the original image. This use does not imply endorsement by the creator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8237c688-18f1-4977-a8eb-f83dd24a43e4/51983489994_beff3792d2_o.jpg Nubians Nubian swimmers with straw “rafts,” Sena. Emery, J. (Photographer). Nubian swimmers with straw “rafts,” Sena. Flickr. © James Emery. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ No changes were made to the original image. This use does not imply endorsement by the creator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d8d4c888-5ce4-4c76-80a1-e7366fe50cda/+-46.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a8ef429-75ad-49c8-a368-86faf1443528/Screenshot+2026-03-18+at+23.11.41.png Nubians "Planting palm trees." A Nubian farmer stands in cultivated fields along the Nile, preparing to plant palm trees in fertile soil carved out of the surrounding desert. Torres, J. (n.d.). Planting palm trees [Photograph]. Against the Compass. https://againstthecompass.com/en/nubian-people-sudan/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1773933286360-NYZRDC4NCROE15CNNRCW/%2B-50.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4dcfec03-8691-498d-9848-aa94191187fa/FA_27_07.jpg.webp Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0ab4e3aa-4dd7-4e90-99c7-01f08c81be51/Nubian+men.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/31cada54-b6b5-4b29-8f69-caec3a21b96e/+-51.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4ad1ad65-2e78-438a-b35f-85b8118a492b/BA_01_01b.jpg.webp Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/71ff8da8-f411-46ec-8059-3170246fab1d/_-2.jpg Nubians Nubians in worship, relief depicting Nubian figures in devotional scenes within ancient Egyptian temple art. Source: Nubia and the Noba People, Black History Month UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/644ca58e-551a-4457-b919-f29b88c56aca/Nubians+-++%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86.jpg Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fe22de2b-3fa3-4a19-a85c-b32417a7b797/33-24.jpg.webp Nubians https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8527a241-0f77-4ce1-be94-6cc5910413f1/Screenshot+2026-03-17+at+23.25.54.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/ghanaian-tribes daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ed0be467-81c2-4e94-a73b-414254ef3d8c/History_+Ghana%E2%80%99s+Majestic+Past+%E2%80%93People+%26+Culture+in+Black+%26+White+from+1850+-+1950-2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes "Negro types from Akem and Akuapem Gold Coast."Date: 1880". Portrait of two Akan women in traditional cloth, Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Image credit: Ghana Rising Blog. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c54f0a1c-dc04-4e65-bb4f-7594417fca7d/1924+British+Empire+Exhibition.jpg Ghanaian Tribes This image depicts Prempeh I, seated in traditional Akan cloth, identified in colonial captions as “son of the late King of Ashanti.” The photograph circulated as a postcard and was later associated with displays such as the 1924 British Empire Exhibition, where African individuals were presented within “native villages” for European audiences. Such images reflect both the dignity of Ashanti royalty and the distortions of colonial exhibition practices that attempted to frame African sovereignty within imperial narratives. Graphic Photo Union. (c. 1900). Prempeh, son of the late King of Ashanti [Photograph]. Raphael Tuck & Sons. Retrieved from Human Zoos Archive page. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac2d6167-430b-4895-883f-77fd01d1af8b/cape+coast+Kotokraba%2C+Cape+Coast.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Part of Kotokraba, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Part of Kotokraba. C.C. [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/965ff117-4477-4452-855e-a1b3147ac272/cape+coast+girl.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Portrait of a young woman adorned with gold jewelry, Cape Coast, Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Cape Coast native girl, decked with gold ornaments, and desiring marriage [Photograph]. Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/01b1701d-084d-4dc4-9fc0-8f1d2e8dd87d/cape+coast+Africans+and+colonial+officials.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Superintendent Ellis, Mrs. Ellis, Revs. Glandfield and Morris, alongside African pastors, Wesleyan Mission, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Superintendent Ellis & Mrs. Ellis & Revs. Glandfield, Morris & others & native pastors Wesleyan Mission Cape Coast – Rev Ellis died [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0bed91e2-955f-464f-a242-b4e404417199/cape+coast+women.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Group of girls identified as bread sellers, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Girls (bread sellers) of C.C. [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0652271-20ac-4704-b84c-9d146a7daae0/Cape+Coast+fashionistas+Twins.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Twin daughters of the Prince of Mankessim, Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Twin daughters of the Prince of Mankessim [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/44df8b8a-194d-4a13-8c71-b7f4d83249e1/cape+coast+children.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Group portrait of siblings, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Brother & sisters C.C. children [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/92c4b15e-b834-4834-a2e5-d90c8196418d/unnamed-2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a137a6f7-a9ed-4ff4-b790-1a595e129bb5/Soninke+-+Mauritanie%2C+Siby+tenue+traditionnelle+soninke.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cdcbc738-a78e-496d-b808-2952ec3d9697/Soninke+-+Mauritanie%2C+Guidimakha%2C+Wompou%2C++M+Mariage+des+Siby.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2878722d-a83d-4df5-95e4-d66243f8f7de/Soninke+-+Gambie%2C+femme+sonink%C3%A9es+de+gambie.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ed321db-c7e2-40a8-9775-b5a9719468c1/diobe-1.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d6a5f978-b414-43cc-9775-d4c5c953f230/soninke-2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4aa1b216-195b-4447-a3d8-3a790983c065/ASH2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes The Asantehene (King) Otumfuo Opoku Ware II carried in palanquin at Silver Jubilee, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). The Asantehene (King) Otumfuo Opoku Ware II carried in palanquin at Silver Jubilee, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9f5b47f-f8ab-4478-844c-5c59872f5e65/ASH17-1.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti linguist’s staffs, Ghana. Top left: “No matter how fat the frog grows it can never surpass the mudfish,” emphasizing that a chief maintains authority despite powerful peers. Top centre: “The power of the eagle shows not only in the air but on land,” symbolizing strength across all domains. Top right: “The chief holds the key to the treasury,” representing custodianship of wealth and responsibility. Bottom left: “When the kite’s away the hawk sits on its eggs,” indicating that in the king’s absence, the throne is safeguarded by trusted kin. Bottom centre: “See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil,” a moral directive toward restraint and wisdom. Bottom right: “Food is for the man who owns it, not for the hungry man,” reinforcing the principle of labor preceding reward. nknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti linguist’s staffs, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8eac73d2-aafd-48b7-9188-f6030b837009/ASH15.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Soul Bearer, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). This image depicts a young Ashanti Soul Bearer, a sacred attendant tasked with protecting his chief from spiritual and physical harm. He wears a striking gilded ram’s horn headdress adorned with gold amulets and feathers, each element functioning as a protective talisman. Positioned close to the seat of authority, the Soul Bearer embodies a vital spiritual role within Ashanti governance, absorbing and deflecting danger directed toward the chief. His presence reflects the integration of ritual protection, symbolism, and leadership within the Ashanti Kingdom. Ashanti Soul Bearer, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f22c307c-c1e5-405a-8be9-b303b2538fbf/ASH6.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Golden Stool, sacred symbol of the kingdom, Ghana. This image shows the Ashanti Golden Stool (Sika Dwa Kofi), the most sacred object of the Ashanti Kingdom and the spiritual embodiment of the nation. So revered that not even the monarch may sit upon it, the stool is believed to house the collective soul, strength, and bravery of the Ashanti people. It must never touch the ground and is ritually “fed” to sustain its vitality—if it were to weaken, it is believed the kingdom itself would suffer. Said to have descended from the heavens in a peal of thunder in the 18th century, the Golden Stool functions simultaneously as a shrine, a symbol of sovereignty, and a repository of ancestral power. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti Golden Stool, sacred symbol of the kingdom, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2a1acee8-92c6-42b7-9a94-d98fcc4d2c8e/ASH12.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Court Dancer, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti court dancer, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d7652932-65fa-422f-8502-41a0c595d96b/Ashanti+Gold+and+Textiles.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c571dae1-1f25-4cce-91d3-d78c244b06b4/566015a4f86eb34433243dbfd0f0d60d.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7574c7c1-4165-4306-a4e4-11282a32ae33/e831838a5c961d4133ff71b1fb0d3de2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/909c1dd7-5858-43a7-b947-14794cb74dea/c8d0f6346c25b04b19e1eeedeafdb419.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7269f707-965e-435c-be9a-496a22de95a9/ASH9.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Sword Bearer attending Silver Jubilee, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti sword bearer attending Silver Jubilee, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5f9a4c98-a461-499f-bb85-fc9e27640184/akan_st.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Akan domestic vessels and interior setting, Ashanti context, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Akan domestic vessels and interior setting, Ashanti context, Ghana [Photograph]. Earth Metropolis. https://www.earthmetropolis.com/Earth/ashanti_kings.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b66677bc-2d3d-4386-aa21-4d60b7ba2bc3/Ashanti_PREMPEH+II_and_the_golden_stool.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/189b9d6e-6f09-4300-9072-d2cc93a058fc/otumfuo_opoku2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a1537dff-02bd-46f4-877b-4cb91c637d4e/ASH5jpg.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti umbrellas shielding paramount chiefs, Ghana. This image shows a gathering of Ashanti paramount chiefs arriving to honor the king, each sheltered beneath large ceremonial umbrellas crafted from richly patterned silk damask. These towering umbrellas are not merely functional but serve as powerful symbols of rank, wealth, and authority. Their scale, color, and intricate designs reflect the prestige of the chiefs they shield, visually distinguishing status within the assembly. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti umbrellas shielding paramount chiefs, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/78bb9ebd-bed9-4636-8036-f806f8d465b9/%F0%9F%87%AC%F0%9F%87%AD%3E%3E.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Nana Amonu X, the Omanhene (king) of the Anomabu traditional area in Ghana, with two members of his court in 1977. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef281df3-a5e4-4d13-8e5c-ba3ddbaaeddf/Screenshot+2026-03-16+at+7.22.34%E2%80%AFAM.png Ghanaian Tribes Group portrait of an Akan (likely Asante) community gathered under ceremonial umbrellas, Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1880–1920). Group portrait with ceremonial umbrellas, Gold Coast [Photograph]. Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (PRM object 451042). Retrieved from View collection record. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dccf31b8-3064-4d47-81f4-98ee0ccfa65e/cape+coast+Women+street+sellers+in+Cape+Coast.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Women street sellers and their wares, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Women street sellers & their wares Cape Coast. Soap, looking glasses, towels, homade scent [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f5d6c47-7828-4630-8ac6-abede33176ff/fante.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Fante woman, Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), photographed by Arthur Ffoulkes, early 20th century. Ffoulkes, A. (c. 1900–1920). A Fanti woman: Gold Coast [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/fante.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e3a99bd6-5215-4461-af7c-39204b5965d6/cape+coast+chief+his+wife+and+followers.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Group portrait of a chief, one of his wives, and followers, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). A Native Chief one wife & his followers [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fd1196b8-cea1-4e12-8df3-6a948bd0d0eb/cape+coast+Fanti+Women.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Group portrait of three women, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Group portrait of three African women. The two seated hold umbrellas [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8becd30d-c0a1-411a-abc1-30882565589b/Cape+Coast+fashionista1.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Portrait of a woman in ceremonial head adornment, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Another style [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3394452f-d68f-4c2e-a552-b99f94c2f64e/cape+coast+women3.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Group portrait of women and girls in full dress, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Native women & girls in full dress [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/044bafd2-cc7c-4aa5-9bc3-87a82d65793d/Screenshot+2026-03-16+at+8.04.17%E2%80%AFAM.png Ghanaian Tribes African family group displayed in a colonial exhibition setting, early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1900–1930). African family group in exhibition setting (stereoscopic image) [Photograph]. In Let’s Bring Blacks Home! Colonial imagination and graphic approaches to Black African populations (1880–1968). University of Valencia. https://www.uv.es/infoexpo/letsbringblackshome/gallery-2c.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8387963b-5e29-41b1-ac8a-f37ad8792df4/unnamed.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9756d5a6-276e-4142-9449-039c7f20fa58/Soninke+-+Miss+2005+Henda+Tandia.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/603a1534-e7a7-4a86-a532-78fe9d4971dc/Soninke+-+Senegal%2C+Waounde%2C+femme++soninkes.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2967dfb4-a8a6-449b-b8bc-6c74653e7e20/Soninke+-+Sooninkaaxu+wurugande+ma+kalle.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/63dfedd9-6c50-42d0-aab3-7e4c9e2492c6/Soninke+-+sonikaaxu+photo+d%27%C3%A9poque.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d0808efa-e96c-42a5-a846-736a41c36ddf/a9c849c27901a9e33943770d34af68b3.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/850b9b0d-7fcc-4396-b40c-bbe8aab53042/ASH16.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti linguists (Okyeame) interpreting the sacrosanct words of the king, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti linguists interpreting the words of the king, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7af2b061-68c6-4673-a298-5c8e8162e3c2/ASH4.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Chief Sword Bearer, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti Chief Sword Bearer, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. This image portrays an Ashanti Chief Sword Bearer, a ceremonial official entrusted with safeguarding the authority and spiritual integrity of the king. He carries the Mponponsuo, a legendary ceremonial sword distinguished by a snake-adorned handle, which is used in the swearing of allegiance to the Asantehene. Around his neck hang leather amulets covered in gold leaf—ritually washed before ceremonies, with the consecrated liquid sprinkled upon the king and his court to protect their souls and the well-being of the nation.https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/00171411-3bc2-4da3-a52d-bba2b68a06b0/ASH3.jpg Ghanaian Tribes The Asantehemaa (Queen Mother) Nana Afua Kobi and her fan bearers, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). The Asantehemaa (Queen Mother) Nana Afua Kobi and her fan bearers, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b9628074-ccff-41c2-9115-83617e8c2557/ASH11.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Adioukrou Queen Mother attending the Silver Jubilee, Ivory Coast. This image depicts an Adioukrou Queen Mother adorned in elaborate gold regalia during the Silver Jubilee. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Adioukrou Queen Mother attending the Silver Jubilee, Ivory Coast [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7b80f5ae-930d-4731-84e8-e1df775fdb26/ASH8.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Asantehene with Chief Sword Bearer, Ghana. Seated in state during the Jubilee, the Asantehene is adorned in richly woven Kente cloth—“the cloth that befits kings”—a textile that signifies prestige and encodes cultural knowledge through motifs tied to proverbs of leadership and social order. At his side stands the Chief Sword Bearer, a ceremonial guardian tasked with absorbing any evil intent directed toward the monarch. He carries the Mponponsuo, a legendary sword used in acts of allegiance, and wears an eagle-feather headdress crowned with gilt ram’s horns, symbolizing vigilance, strength, and spiritual protection. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Asantehene with Chief Sword Bearer, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b08c4b2c-10e1-4e51-a3a8-a90ca5c258eb/The+King+of+Ashanti+people.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b2ef0f36-f02b-4724-b4f6-0d7a0b702c8a/a059fa07f445c1d4b49c90ab3638beab.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c977c9f8-b176-420f-862a-97ca225dd751/c3cbb8ce204a2c045b2fc2487faaa1e2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db42b12e-ece0-4bbf-8d61-2af47412aea5/ASH19-1.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Details of Ashanti adornments, Ghana. Top left: Gold jewelry worn by Asante royal guests during Jubilee celebrations reflects not only wealth but layered cultural meaning and status. Bottom left: Rings worn by an Asante chief include a starburst form—named after a fruit and tied to the proverb, “It may not speak, but it breathes,” representing restrained but decisive leadership—and a palm beetle motif symbolizing patience as a virtue. Top right: The Asantehene’s feet rest upon a ceremonial footstool, designed to prevent harmful spiritual forces from entering the body through contact with the ground. Bottom right: Sandals worn by Akan chiefs are adorned with protective gold-leaf talismans, reinforcing the connection between physical regalia and spiritual safeguarding. Together, these elements illustrate how adornment in the Asante court encodes philosophy, protection, and political identity. (africaonlinemuseum.org) Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Details of Ashanti adornments, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/61f0067e-4e44-4e61-9701-ca2b75ade010/prempeh+I.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1bbd475f-c225-4b2c-a48a-5ccd0931685d/Golden_stool_31_January_1935-2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ef6f986a-0c5e-4347-a365-a360d991b608/akan_sh.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti ritual attendants performing purification rites, Ghana. This image shows a group of Ashanti ritual attendants gathered around sacred stools, engaging in a ceremonial act of washing or purification. In Ashanti culture, stools are not merely objects of seating but are understood as vessels of the soul and authority, often associated with lineage, leadership, and ancestral presence. Ritual washing and care of these stools reflects their spiritual significance, as they are treated as living embodiments of power and continuity within the kingdom. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti ritual attendants performing purification rites, Ghana [Photograph]. Earth Metropolis. https://www.earthmetropolis.com/Earth/ashanti_kings.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c732a431-98d5-4a06-9ba7-9a34d64ce707/afia_kodi.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1135b471-15ac-4b2d-9f8a-78a641752570/ASH18.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Paramount Chief, Ghana.This image portrays an Ashanti paramount chief adorned with a gold medallion and a headband decorated with stylized moon and star motifs. These symbols reference the Akan proverb, “The evening star, desirous of being married, always stays close to the moon,” a visual expression of loyalty and enduring connection. Within Akan symbolic systems, the moon-and-star pairing signifies fidelity—both in marriage and in the relationship between a subject and their king—emphasizing devotion, alignment, and continuity within the social order. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti paramount chief, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/23aafe34-f8ac-4694-ac10-a0be2b64cc4d/cape+coast+The+Late+Governor+Maxwell+%26+Hausa+troops.jpg Ghanaian Tribes The late Governor Maxwell with Hausa troops returning from Kumasi down Ashanti Road, Cape Coast (C.C.), after the Second Anglo-Ashanti Expedition, late 19th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1895–1896). The late Governor Maxwell, Hausa troops returning from Kumassi down Ashanti after 2nd Ashanti Expedition C.C. [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a887cafd-0eb7-4fec-b744-9dc39e9c9464/Cape+Coast+Elite.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Portrait of Miss Nancy Skues, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Miss Nancy Skues C.C., daughter of the auctioneer [Photograph]. Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7fbdf40d-78fb-4ec4-8f5a-e4f70780a808/cape+coast+muslims.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Group of Muslim residents, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Mohammedan natives C.C. [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b9aba99-a9bf-4e16-b177-528f9ce8c287/cape+coast+women+first.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Group portrait of young women in full dress, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Native girls – Cape Coast – full dress – Civilized [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9e737e6b-e7a2-4926-b9d5-eae5bad7cce0/Cape+Coast+fashionista.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Portrait of a woman with elaborately styled hair, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). One style of hairdressing [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8d49daa3-93d6-4c0e-8909-e70d937eef4b/cape+coast+women2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Group portrait of a young woman seated at center with companions, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). A lady in centre, who desires to make known that she is of marriageable age with her friends [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9269bdfa-195b-4e07-812d-f3b3202d4b63/Soninke+-+Senegal%2C+Thi%C3%A8s%2C+fille.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/01e8990a-856e-4a0d-b478-b34b0075391c/Soninke.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fae1462b-caa0-48f2-9b9f-5b51a72cc69c/ASH14.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti paramount chief greets his subjects, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti paramount chief greets his subjects, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7815329a-79ce-40dc-bac1-a16519548e99/ASH7.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Key Bearer showing the palace is locked and secure, Ghana. This image depicts an Ashanti Key Bearer holding a large cluster of keys, a powerful symbol of custodianship and security within the Ashanti palace. The keys represent that every door in the palace is locked, signifying protection, order, and controlled access to sacred and political spaces. As a ceremonial official, the Key Bearer embodies trust and responsibility, visually affirming the safeguarding of the kingdom’s inner domains and reinforcing the structured authority of the Ashanti state. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti key bearer showing the palace is locked and secure, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27393c20-98cc-49c2-992c-07a250110611/ASH10.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Royal Dancer, Ghana. This image depicts a young Ashanti royal dancer adorned with gold regalia from the royal treasury, worn during important state ceremonies. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti royal dancer, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/82a8ec4a-19c0-4f5d-a5b8-e287318b3aa6/3509aef28bdc66b2df008feef6987752.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bfc87e51-15dd-42e6-bd74-8bb7b18ba015/b7a1329a1633ed0189a2379f88c9c61b.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/146efc1e-b1d1-4678-826a-31b30cd15cb3/4d5eca7b003c3265a35c0e466adb2307.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4ae86ee8-4dbd-440a-9f49-5dc813cb8948/e4587cf2a3732e2ac95e62ac47027ffc.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/104f3733-bf5b-4f25-9007-18aa7b63b06e/ASH20.jpg Ghanaian Tribes The Asantehene’s golden jewellery, Ghana.Unknown photographer. (n.d.). The Asantehene’s golden jewellery, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/24b3b43a-3409-4a52-b7d1-2adb32b76c7a/queen-mother-yaa-asantewaa1.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dc3fe6ca-d2b3-46b6-82f4-7dd938fe9273/King_Kwaku_Dua_%26_Golden_Stool_in_Kumase_attendants_Date_1880_1.jpg Ghanaian Tribes “King Kwaku Dua & Golden Stool in Kumasi with attendants” (c. 1880, attribution uncertain). This historical photograph is traditionally identified as depicting an Asantehene (Ashanti king), often attributed to King Kwaku Dua, seated among attendants in Kumasi. However, the attribution is contested: no ruler named Kwaku Dua was on the throne in 1880. The closest historical reference is Kwaku Dua II, whose reign in 1884 lasted only 40 days. Additionally, the stool shown—though described as the Golden Stool—is likely not Sikadwa Kofi, the sacred symbol of Ashanti sovereignty. Unknown photographer. (c. 1880). King Kwaku Dua & Golden Stool in Kumasi with attendants [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9127d530-dfa0-4d4a-a7e1-3072e766daa6/Otumfuo_Opoku_Ware_II_and_golden_stool.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a81997bb-fb52-4fe6-99e0-4a188ad2f772/14689915.0001.001-00000146.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27232ec1-1171-410a-99b9-eb71f85a3112/ASH13.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Female Court Dancer, Ghana. This image captures an Ashanti female court dancer performing before the royal assembly during a ceremonial gathering. Such performances unfold within a festive atmosphere where paramount chiefs engage their communities, often greeting subjects from palanquins while court dancers animate the space through rhythmic movement. Accompanying the procession are large wooden Fontomfrom drums, whose resonant tones “speak” the ancestry of the king, linking performance, sound, and lineage. The dancer’s posture, adornment, and controlled gestures reflect the integration of artistry and ceremony within Ashanti political and cultural life. (Africa Online Museum) Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti female court dancer, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a92438c5-6ea4-4cda-a6de-75bf81574938/cape+coast+back+street.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Back street in Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), showing a surface water drainage system, late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). A back street in C.C. showing surface water drain [Photograph]. Retrieved from Ghana Rising Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/988ff0e1-805d-4c8c-b365-c088758d18aa/Cape+Coast+wedding+party.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Wedding party group with bride and groom seated, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). A wedding party group. Bride & groom sitting. The man is a ‘scholar’(!), but a ‘heathen’ [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5795136-002f-4bc6-8c04-4fcbbcb80e41/3ca646ec5d09ef52a329e9c8cdc24816.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/655f7b39-49a1-49bb-a62d-2f8406b94a03/46ec65ca80374d7a77dcba9b991dac65.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fc85d0c9-6edf-4245-8a7f-80ea28b37bae/cf068752824f6d85d6194d004eb9ffad.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4212143c-222d-4d59-ad0a-38fe76dd6f6e/Kwaadu_Yiadom_II.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9ca718de-4538-47f8-849c-2bd2bc0c6ac2/1941.700x700-derived.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Portrait of two West African youths in ceremonial adornment, photographed during the colonial era, likely for ethnographic or exhibition purposes (British Empire & Commonwealth Collection). Unknown photographer. (c. early 20th century). Photograph of two West African youths in ceremonial attire [Photograph]. British Empire & Commonwealth Collection, Bristol Archives. Retrieved from View archive record. Reference no. 1995/074/2/33. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/50156d33-135a-47db-9e80-87d4623299d9/Ashanti_otumfour.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/051bd37f-d3d7-4d17-9606-9a4e77df1f6a/Cape+Coast+looking+up+Asahnti+road.jpg Ghanaian Tribes One end of Ashanti Road, Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), looking up Ashanti Road, late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). One end of Ashanti Rd C.C. looking up Ashanti Rd [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/32477f4d-277c-424b-b217-227ecdc74b13/ASH1.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Ashanti Chief Sword Bearer, Protector of the King, Ghana. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). Ashanti Chief Sword Bearer, Protector of the King, Ghana [Photograph]. Africa Online Museum. https://africaonlinemuseum.org/map/ghana/ashanti-kingdom/photos/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2337e9db-73ec-4af5-9350-d8d08c2d5255/ashanti21.jpg Ghanaian Tribes An Attendant carrying Sikadwa Kofi in a procession. Unknown photographer. (n.d.). An attendant carrying Sikadwa Kofi in a procession [Photograph]. Earth Metropolis. https://www.earthmetropolis.com/Earth/ashanti_kings.html https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/41caa61d-8173-43f4-8232-84906f6e4712/AMA_Serwaa_Nyark_2.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a37fc172-5b8f-473e-82ea-d0662ad06603/cape+Coast+part+of+Kotokraba.jpg Ghanaian Tribes Road to Kotokraba (Hausa Town), Cape Coast (C.C.), Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), late 19th to early 20th century. Unknown photographer. (c. 1885–1910). Road to Kotokraba (Hausa town) C.C. [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2012/03/fanti-peopleculture-of-ghana-between.html. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/27a2f361-526f-4a3b-8404-c9e3a19413e4/b8777528865cd689c681939b4b219d28.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dce049b7-6712-4803-a8cf-5f16046dd6d5/8567e1107f6ee169ae0d3be68b0c5e3c.jpg Ghanaian Tribes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6acd6a80-527e-4999-b1c2-d8435fb35acc/Ashanti+Warrior%2C+Ghana_+1887.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a4d9f0e-d7c3-49fa-9fc2-c7e89d16729e/fante_1.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ffbbcba7-0a72-4cfe-9ab1-d819b41cb826/Screenshot+2026-03-16+at+8.02.42%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/03182226-42f0-47f1-88bb-010bef622b57/Soninke+-+mariage+femmes+mauritanie.jpg 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/924e4691-c1a6-45dd-be69-5710a0118f86/Fulbe+_+Peul+women%2C+Niger.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/389b3631-47ae-4a25-a367-ca5f2ec856d3/travel-senegal-peul-people-sagatta-28.webp Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7aa4f057-01ad-4b23-bef8-3a0561f16f6a/Fulani-2.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/254a8ccb-bcce-4709-b5e2-0046749b0543/ASC_Leiden_-_W.E.A._van_Beek_Collection_-_Dogon_markets_16_-_Fulbe_woman_at_Sangha_market%2C_Mali_1992_%28cropped%29.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2d3c04cb-ca94-4064-90d0-071d41d73191/fulani_09.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e1c680fc-fa90-479f-8dab-569d8b3f25ab/new-study-unravels-the-2.jpg Fulani 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/600f97f2-038b-49b7-8c9f-6f8abad77ef8/6571520IJ6XTSR.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a41dfc87-7696-4a8a-92b8-18b005657216/MS79_445.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7e63ed58-a9af-4d12-9e03-dc85b8b2d028/fulani_14.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e05d9b8d-f144-40ff-a538-972133030713/fulani_06.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d3369e2-e3a9-46da-a9ac-0b0a37096430/Tribes.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/522ddce6-35aa-4041-85a9-0f0e2a79d941/fulani_14.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7f676f03-0547-428e-875b-bab8d4188f25/Fulani_man.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6cf6a20c-4dfb-4f12-ae0c-98f663271a18/Fulani-People-History-Heritage-and-Way-of-Life.jpg.webp Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6acc8c4f-a8c4-45e3-8bdf-ec9adc24ebb0/fulani_15.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ea1688e3-a8f9-4e5c-b853-f0d104d7c2b1/fulani_03.jpg Fulani https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0760be8b-8e8e-4875-af7b-1f5bd607ec12/african+peul.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3cd0b876-d7f9-4d27-8e91-d8658840a654/Fulani.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee6105c0-60f0-4e17-afa5-9e488c1237e2/Fulani+woman+from+Mali.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3cd0b876-d7f9-4d27-8e91-d8658840a654/Fulani.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ee6105c0-60f0-4e17-afa5-9e488c1237e2/Fulani+woman+from+Mali.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f739b3a4-894c-4d23-8073-aa8392c02ddc/gerowal.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d0c36f79-4906-44c4-9c9f-9028364ccd3b/657152uTSMz9HB.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3227d6e6-9f31-4f60-9645-fbb17c87dacd/657152JpABitjK.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/df1ccf48-0b49-4d6a-a94e-32f95475227b/657152TCTnuep8.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/41ed0a7a-1c03-48ed-957c-bc82ae6f62ef/MS79_143c.jpeg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/mandinka daily 0.75 2026-03-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13a53c35-03cb-4ce5-8096-cf0625ffb943/Mandinka+man+with+his+sword%2C+Senegal.jpg Mandinka https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c05b9658-653b-410e-84af-b8ecc43adc86/Mande+man+and+his+saber.jpg Mandinka https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f354a8d2-177b-489e-aa0e-94c8e842d054/Mende+helmet+mask.jpg Mandinka https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e105238e-3860-4e4f-bf3d-9c5fc1137897/-41.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac9395c9-9c1a-4168-9820-08d9f1738800/Mandinka+men+from+the+Gambia+in+the+20th+century.jpg https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/haitians daily 0.75 2026-03-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6cf78620-f4dc-4c33-92d0-053381f74945/1.jpg Haitians Les Cayes, Haiti. 1970s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/629f9083-dbbb-4d8f-934b-5c1150eca565/4.jpg Haitians Haitian women dancing, 1950s. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/aae9f623-9b56-4241-ae06-239e33252af6/7.jpg Haitians Vintage Haiti: Haiti c.1900, 1910 and 1914 – L'union Suite https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/51a41406-a62f-4014-8d6e-78bcd81d6664/10.jpg Haitians Team Haiti World Cup, 1974. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38c4b338-7abc-4255-bc3a-4a8c8f2a86c8/13.jpg Haitians Vintage Haiti, 1954. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b12495ae-1dd2-43d9-8ac8-9b433e502a40/16.jpg Haitians Haiti, by Denise Colomb 1948-1958 Antilles, — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/30e7ef4a-933b-44fb-82ac-25977b102508/19.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/96bcb880-69f7-42eb-94c2-a29c60ce2bd4/22.jpg Haitians Haitian Family, 1880. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8558b964-b9d1-45a3-9600-1197e7838971/25.jpg Haitians Haitian Wedding. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d04e6cd-329c-49ba-b773-e45a9fc54e2a/28.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7bcf964d-bcab-4ec9-a296-4e49651f0f84/31.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0c53b238-5b0c-4787-b9f7-0a5126c8748f/34.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4dfcb227-8137-455d-8694-65d22b9221fb/37.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c86d7ffc-8e5d-4833-b4c6-52b4841c9596/40.jpg Haitians Haiti II - Jay Maisel. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/416625c3-2d78-46d7-a6be-cf44bcf76733/43.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3c2d0e91-fe87-465c-90b2-ffbefecfbadb/46.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7a9279a5-3305-42fb-a535-b4b562cc2547/49.jpg Haitians Haitian Man walking, Haiti, 1925. Journeys Beautiful: the magazine of travel, v. 1, no. 11, October 1925. Source: Villanova University Digital Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3b8c42e2-12b7-4a9f-b988-c9be43179c21/52.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5eb354f1-03cb-4c58-a5a4-6b00c61c67d2/55.jpg Haitians Haiti, 1954. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/441c2f45-18e2-48b9-b40a-aef479d17137/59.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7117b339-c1b2-41d2-a669-d4dfb5cff454/62.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/81c5e9a5-f310-436b-9bb1-0813eb086ffc/65.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/5e1033ec-db4c-4df0-8692-5c137969f68f/68.jpg Haitians Photograph of a carnival in Haiti, 1880. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/661d675d-bf34-44ee-88f7-310c302fc968/72.jpg Haitians Haitian Market, 1902. Source: Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bc1c3f1a-86f4-4d0c-9461-b5b72125a7fe/2.jpg Haitians Republic of Haiti, 1960. Source: Note De L'Hotel https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1cf9114c-86c2-4d03-81b2-23b7b609811f/5.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6bf44f15-8c62-4814-a5a3-a3dd864ff503/8.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a0eb77fd-bd33-49cd-bee9-93f94d6327f8/11.jpg Haitians Herbert List Martinique-Mother with son, 1957. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2965abe3-9324-43ac-b387-ec20f6752376/14.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d5fdfbae-59b3-4b4f-9984-556a4d313943/17.jpg Haitians Vintage Postcard of Haiti, — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ab0ff3e1-a512-4896-bfa2-47d9bfe3f7c9/20.jpg Haitians Vintage national geographic 1961 'Haiti - west Africa in the West Indies' — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a605a941-f19d-4877-ad65-e07aa806da08/23.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/818d2a35-b480-4ba0-a563-b3a03e0c5862/26.jpg Haitians Haitian army, 1930s. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/abfd1efe-4f1f-45cf-b016-1b1a7fbdb4d5/29.jpg Haitians Haitian youth and his young fighting cock, Port au Prince, by Clifton R Adams, Haiti, 1933. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/73547c4d-c982-47c7-85af-3e9caa3bced2/32.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3fab4b6c-3d57-4010-abbc-94d38458535a/35.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f9bfd343-7fe1-4516-bbec-ca18d01aaae7/38.jpg Haitians Tap-tap in Haiti — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e468a5ad-b2a8-49c1-8b46-f3848773fad1/41.jpg Haitians Vintage Haiti c. 1899 (Haiti’s Independence Day) and 1900 (Country Wedding) – L'union Suite https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8c6e2177-9fa5-4d44-8d13-63f238d5d7b1/44.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d2181814-21c1-4a7b-bb8a-782cf6aa2c0b/47.jpg Haitians The Haitian Sharp Shooters, France, 1925. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/365572ca-4aac-496b-890d-c611f0201f19/50.jpg Haitians Cap Haitian. The ruins of an office of the Tontons Macoute, 1986. The Museum of Contemporary Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f5b2660c-ce45-4d8d-a3dc-2eb941dacb3e/53.jpg Haitians The Haitian Soccer team, 1974. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/bdb77fa1-b541-476a-b331-3549b2516e6b/57.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9d58e981-cc5f-4b7c-8ce5-74d41e988c74/60.jpg Haitians Haitian Dancers, Haiti. From the “Africa for Christ; publication of the Spiritan Missionary Society, vol. 57, no. 5, October 1, 1961. Source: Delpher. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f0542c9-f448-48d6-a3f9-14b48ea01482/63.jpg Haitians Haitian transport. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7e91440-3494-4787-b64d-6c783764fb90/66.jpg Haitians Hector Hyppolite. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/acaea935-e073-49e1-9338-c3c1b23b35c9/69.jpg Haitians Carnival in Haiti, 1910. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fbef01ff-7feb-4878-93f1-bc8c0ae736c1/73.jpg Haitians A Haitian Mason. Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/58585973-b23e-4811-9726-db258b163ac9/3.jpg Haitians Les Cayes, Haiti. 1960s https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/474e4041-b8ef-4ddb-b3a4-9020681f1d6a/6.jpg Haitians Woman lifting fruit on downtown street, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 1985. Gary Monroe — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4afca0de-b359-4630-b78d-3b285ad366ac/9.jpg Haitians Black Haiti, A virtual scrapbook of Haitian Culture and History. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/250b4c06-66b7-49b9-86d8-9afd656ac626/12.jpg Haitians Iron Market, Port-au-Prince, 1970’s. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/94243608-39be-4fbf-b491-24b1b00c709c/15.jpg Haitians Haitian woman, — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/97f0e6d4-bf99-431f-ac24-ab49c6246de1/18.jpg Haitians Fisherman in Port au Prince, 1976. — L'union Suite https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/cebd2417-2db0-4ea6-bb5b-f716ba5ac4a2/21.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4152f02e-cc80-49a6-b69a-67145418ea00/24.jpg Haitians Vodou ceremony in Haiti. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ca0c3307-6be5-4bb8-a5c3-9adbc73ad313/27.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0eb624e-914c-4228-885e-696522ce3cbd/30.jpg Haitians Haitian women, 1870. Clifton R Adams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1b3ab50e-b844-49a3-bc52-070a9d12fe05/33.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ff536df0-56ee-4a2e-b661-696e9719a02f/36.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3004562b-94e6-48b0-8df0-cd2408729b7d/39.jpg Haitians Road to Port-Au-Prince. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ae2d3c34-71be-42ad-be3c-caa1fe850840/42.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4d6f5174-1fbe-4b5f-a7ad-ba5f62138be9/45.jpg Haitians Haitian Family, — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/40ba837f-3832-41a2-95aa-9e9e4c3ab9bc/48.jpg Haitians A Fife and Drum Band, Haiti, 1910. from the Negro in the new world by Johnston, Harry H. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/33dc8673-dad7-4ccf-a75a-1f78c763d729/51.jpg Haitians Haiti, 1954, — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/01bc1687-0284-46e7-8b03-75373c3922d6/54.jpg Haitians Haitian Wedding. Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7d9bce46-c4b5-45a7-9332-57fdca33d012/58.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1e9259f2-940d-4aeb-a7c5-42725ad0d353/61.jpg Haitians Port au Prince, Haiti. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2e19b93b-2e29-42cb-b750-ea7a360bc5be/64.jpg Haitians Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 1960. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/afe09821-7c7b-4ab0-9e00-1ce8a92ce902/67.jpg Haitians Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/dbb9737b-d1d6-410d-8940-01284364bfe0/70.jpg Haitians Haiti’s First National Women Soccer Team, 1973. — Source: Unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e30b8917-e73f-4771-a518-d552be96a220/74.jpg Haitians A Voudou House, Haiti, 1910. from the Negro in the new world by Johnston, Harry H. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-feminism-subject-matters daily 0.75 2026-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e215ad44-7d07-4bbf-a035-21f6210c7fad/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+8.14.45%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7138bfe4-78e0-45c7-a552-8e7d2df778ea/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+8.47.08%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2211ff97-4e0f-4658-bec2-411a3089b99b/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+8.48.49%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/13ed1725-7c77-4c9d-b1c5-4683be156e52/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+8.49.41%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/138f0f1c-2427-403d-801b-3790d2495aea/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+8.51.11%E2%80%AFAM.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-artistry-subject-matter daily 0.75 2026-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ed5b546-a47c-4c0c-8e6b-fd41253234d4/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.12.53%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f7caaeb4-cd28-433e-a546-55538151dfa9/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.13.31%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/09dda989-c28d-4f21-8214-951c27478c9f/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.14.20%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8547860e-1870-4338-bca9-7080a2b54032/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.15.35%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c1ec3353-c00d-495e-bfc0-35e344dd94cc/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.16.20%E2%80%AFAM.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a39270e2-955f-4fe2-8589-3246462ca1bd/Screenshot+2026-03-27+at+9.09.24%E2%80%AFAM.png https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/black-wall-street daily 0.75 2026-04-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1675984b-d0f6-456c-bff5-c8b3aa295675/5.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.). Photographic print of Irene Banks standing in front of a brick building, mid 20th century. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/2258f3bc-f0fc-4375-98d3-440fb6c83755/8.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.-c). Photographic print of Jack’s Memory Chapel in Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1948. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2c08d6e-e33b-434e-9508-572e46515871/14.jpg Black Wall Street Krupnick, A. C. (n.d.). Food distribution after Tulsa, Oklahoma, race massacre, 1921. Library of Congress. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/084bbf68-25d8-4d7f-989d-1f909b54fecf/17.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.-d). Photographic print of four women standing in a street, ca. 1940. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6d99daff-6240-4a7d-bac8-d3edb9be2d49/1.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.). Photographic print of a woman posing in front of bushes, Jackson, Eunice, American, 1903 - 2004. (n.d.). Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/db45c7cd-35fc-4296-b445-d7b7fc356c5e/10.jpg Black Wall Street Page of a photograph album from Tulsa, Oklahoma, ca. 1940. (n.d.-a). Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/b34734e4-aac0-4615-9942-8bbdd38ee5a2/4.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.). Photographic print of a large group of people posing outside of a house, mid 20th century. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4a73ff4c-9838-476e-be2b-9cd4fe888150/7.png Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.-a). Photographic print of Beatrice Coleman and Beatrice Dedman, and unidentified men in indoor setting, early 20th century. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0f6d50c6-24e3-4adc-9095-9d7bf29dc07d/16.jpg Black Wall Street Digital image of Tulsa Race Massacre survivors at Mt. Zion Baptist Church, Tulsa, 2001. (n.d.). Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Eddie Faye Gates, Tulsa OK, author, historian, community activist. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/3ded6834-2a58-4943-b26d-e738437e4d76/12.jpg Black Wall Street Photographic print of the Greenwood district in Tulsa, Oklahoma, before 1921. (n.d.). Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Families of Anita Williams Christopher and David Owen Williams. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/38282e91-d60d-4257-9938-5d33a72ffc04/2.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.). Photographic print of Eunice Jackson and two other women posing, Jackson, Eunice, American, 1903 - 2004. (n.d.). Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/de04045a-3dc5-45ed-9219-eb9366fe78e4/11.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.-a). Photographic print of 3 men and 2 women sitting in front of Jack’s Memory Chapel, April 3, 1948. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8f80e1ed-4001-4c26-b260-4fa6f47d987a/6.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.-a). Photographic print of Hayes, Louis S. Jr. in uniform, American, 1918 – 1998, mid-20th century. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/4e00ce72-9828-43aa-a0b6-68dd0d661b03/9.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.-a). Photographic print of a man and woman standing in front of a car, 1920’s. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/efe1d46c-c93e-48d9-81ea-5b7c3e42c80b/15.jpg Black Wall Street Krupnick, A. C. (n.d.-b). Rear view of truck carrying African Americans during the Tulsa, Oklahoma, massacre of 1921. Library of Congress. Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/0a5a7884-f901-4215-b21a-cbccab05b965/18.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.-g). Photographic print of young boy standing in front of a car, ca. 1949. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f08e24b8-dfa2-47d3-b3a9-3957b654e68e/3.jpg Black Wall Street The Princetta R. Newman Collection of Family Photographs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. (n.d.). Photographic print of two women wearing dresses and hats, mid 20th century. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Princetta R. Newman. https://www.visionsofblackness.co.uk/daily-life-caribbean daily 0.75 2026-04-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84685148-7ee4-405e-a43b-c8e2652018ac/Market%2C+Kingston%2C+Jamaica%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean (1890). Market in Kingston, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/a2a5cb27-2929-4199-bad2-1bc4e1ed0e84/A+Haitian+Bus+Carries+Both+Freight+and+Passengers+in+Port-au-Prince%2C+Haiti.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean (n.d.). A Haitian Bus Carries Both Freight and Passengers in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/79d6e6e7-cfcf-4a1d-8114-77f1e80149fe/Drying+Cacao+Beans%2C+Costa+Rica%2C+ca+1930.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean (1930). Drying Cacao Beans in Costa Rica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/80e67a05-9add-4eb3-8ca3-059dd66252f4/J.+Murray+Jordan+-+Native+Washerwomen%2C+Spanish+Town%2C+Jamaica%2C+1897.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Jordan, J.M. (1897). Native Washerwomen in Spanish Town, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/ac55a6c9-ba18-4737-94d7-b6c40f6ba08c/Valentine+and+Sons+-+Gordon+Town%2C+Jamaica%2C+1891.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Valentine and Sons. (1891). Gordon Town, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/d73e7ef3-1be9-4d55-aedf-36c06214f914/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Coolie+Hut%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (n.d.). A Coolie Hut in Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/267fc808-65fa-4cb8-9322-7f6469dfd286/H.S.+Duperly+-+Going+To+Market%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Duperly, H.S. (n.d.). Going To Market, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c7b298b5-2e7c-4ef5-a9a4-278621743910/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+After+A+Days+Work+On+A+Banana+Plantation%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (n.d.). After A Days Work On A Banana Plantation, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/84f280f0-a9ae-427e-8a2a-28d0e2c29348/H.S.+Duperly+-+King+Street%2C+Kingston.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Duperly, H.S. (n.d.). King Street, Kingston. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c9ccd124-0977-44ab-9eec-1a93dc05769e/6744764699_0530c0ea98_z.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Valentine and Sons. (1891). Gordon Town, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0f73653-00bf-4222-a5b3-ca67db82f4ae/J.H.+Horsey+-+Coolie+Temple%2C+Trinidad%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Horsey, J.H. (1890). Coolie Temple, Trinidad. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7ff4d16b-6a25-49b4-bef6-fb993adbd616/J.+Murray+Jordan+-+The+Plaza%2C+Port+of+Spain%2C+Trinidad%2C+1897.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Jordan, J.M. (1897). The Plaza, Port of Spain, Trinidad. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e15bb6f7-47d5-47aa-b6c4-f6f2e1bfede3/J.+Murray+Jordan+-+Trafalgar+Square%2C+Bridgetown%2C+Barbados%2C+1898.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Jordan, J.M. (1898). Trafalgar Square, Bridgetown, Barbados. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/7df23ba5-8f1a-47d4-8b5d-c2c16cb188f2/J.W.+Cleary+-+Jamaicans%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Cleary, J.W. (1890). Jamaicans. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c4d57f2d-4911-4ed1-890d-6e46b2534bea/Dr+James+Johnston+-+Nature%27s+Bounty%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Johnston, J. (1890). Nature's Bounty. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f0857b8e-e4f5-46e0-b029-bac95b46c4d3/Dr+James+Johnston+-+Washday%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Johnston, J. (1890). Washday. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/39979f82-2f69-4156-95a8-b82730470b93/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Banana+Carriers%2C+Jamaica%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (1890). Banana Carriers, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/51331122-9a33-4e85-a7b5-d02767896e42/Valentine+and+Sons+-+Cane+Cutters%2C+Jamaica%2C+1891.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Valentine and Sons. (1891). Cane Cutters in Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8ebbaba9-999a-4ac0-b17e-09208c551790/Valentine+and+Sons+-+Gordon+Town%2C+Jamaica%2C+1891.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Valentine and Sons. (1891). Gordon Town, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/23ef6c0c-1e61-458a-b5f3-9de5dab26a75/J.W.+Cleary+-+Washer+Woman%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Cleary, J.W. (1890). Washer Woman. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c6f0f874-b661-4028-a88d-a7cd28586f28/Public+Garden%2C+St.+Lucia%2C+ca+1900.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean (1990). Public Garden in St. Lucia. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/fc539de7-6c84-48dd-ab44-a0d339eaad8c/J.+Murray+Jordan+-+Donkey+Cart%2C+St+Thomas%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Jordan, J.M. (1890). Donkey Cart in St. Thomas. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/473f5369-07fe-4952-989f-f09caacdab8f/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Rural+Village%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (n.d.). Rural Village, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/c91379ce-fde2-4160-8745-a80c20c7a8ea/N.E.+Lusher+-+A+Stone+Quarry%2C+Bermuda%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Lusher, N.E. (1890). A Stone Quarry in Bermuda. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/8a50901c-1689-4cfb-9e0a-ba791c91ed46/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Pulping+Chocolate%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (n.d.). Pulping Chocolate in Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f408e3e1-ea81-4a53-bdb1-682e0ebdf2b5/N.E.+Lusher+-+Oh+These+Watermelons%2C+Bermuda%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Lusher, N.E. (1890). Oh These Watermelons, Bermuda. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/100dc048-101f-4c09-8a35-0e49caf2e2ff/8321549933_89c7a88648_z.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Valentine and Sons. (1891). Drum Band W.I. Regiment. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1633b6a7-7031-4930-9af8-9fc4901a1566/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Jackfruit%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (n.d.). Jackfruit in Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9f8c2647-c217-4a89-b38c-21600ec326bd/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Jubilee+Market%2C+Kingston%2C+1887.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (1887). Jubilee Market, Kingston. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/e5382b94-2aab-416e-86d2-70c947eccd88/A.+Duperly+%26+Son+-+Sorting+Cocoa%2C+Jamaica%2C+ca+1900.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (1900). Sorting Cocoa, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/9265e5b8-a8ef-49a7-be25-044f72045e5b/Valentine+and+Sons+-+Bullock+Teams%2C+Jamaica%2C+1891.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Valentine and Sons. (1891). Bullock Teams, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1a570f74-e1bf-4d7a-ad2b-69c355a1b091/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Sugar+Cane+Cutters%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (n.d.). Sugar Cane Cutters, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/91bc51be-3fd3-458f-b446-1d4c47762c1c/J.+Murray+Jordan+-+Native+Diver+and+Boat%2C+Harbor+of+St.+Pierre%2C+Martinique%2C+1898.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Jordan, J.M. (1898). Native Diver and Boat, Harbor of St. Pierre, Martinique. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/753be40d-525b-49bc-b019-af9f647e10bc/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Country+Negroes+Starting+Out+For+Kingston%2C+Jamaica%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (1890). Small group starting Out For Kingston, Jamaica . [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/1fd68810-0677-4499-ae56-d4eda654e271/Empress+Josephine%27s+Birthplace%2C+Martinique%2C+1882.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean (1882). Empress Josephine's Birthplace, Martinique. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/f076fef7-d6e1-4e0d-af65-0839e9efa5b3/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Coolies+Washing+Clothes%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Cleary, J.W. (n.d.). Coolies Washing Clothes, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/170f8524-1b75-4d86-8de0-17d21b810d30/A.+Duperly+%26+Sons+-+Yam+Seller%2C+Jamaica%2C+ca+1890.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean A. Duperly & Sons. (1890). Yam Seller, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6a7e0507-c559-4935-b6e5-0bd7a1cf0e0e/Mandeville%2C+Jamaica.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean (n.d.). Mandeville, Jamaica. [Photograph]. The Caribbean Photo Archive. https://www.caribbeanphotoarchive.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65b41067c4042363cf11625f/6f0b9608-53c6-4103-88da-3852fe4036b6/Phos+-+Coconut+Seller%2C+Pointe-a-Pitre%2C+Guadeloupe%2C+ca+1895.jpg Daily Life: Caribbean Littée, E. (1895). Coconut Seller in Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe. [Photograph]. 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